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Keywords = ameloblastic carcinoma

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22 pages, 647 KB  
Review
Ameloblastic Carcinoma: A 40-Year Scoping Review of the Literature
by Maria Giulia Cristofaro, Ida Barca, Angelo R. Sottile and Francesco Ferragina
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(4), 261; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47040261 - 8 Apr 2025
Viewed by 2149
Abstract
Background: Ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) is a rare malignant odontogenic tumor with limited knowledge surrounding its pathogenesis, molecular pathways, clinical behavior, treatment, and prognosis. This 40-year literature scoping review aims to enhance the comprehension of this complex condition, looking closely at how AC works [...] Read more.
Background: Ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) is a rare malignant odontogenic tumor with limited knowledge surrounding its pathogenesis, molecular pathways, clinical behavior, treatment, and prognosis. This 40-year literature scoping review aims to enhance the comprehension of this complex condition, looking closely at how AC works at molecular and pathophysiological levels and what causes it to develop. Methods: The PUBMED, Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane central databases were searched, including articles from 1984 to date. Articles reporting epidemiological, clinical, instrumental, and histopathological data were included. Results: Out of the 375 articles examined, 52 met the inclusion criteria, yielding a total of 80 cases of AC. All cases before 1984 were excluded from the analysis, as were all that did not provide information on patient survival. Several molecular mechanisms associated with its development and progression were identified; these help in early diagnosis. Moreover, AC can spread locally, making a radical surgical approach necessary. There is still no agreement on how to manage neck dissection. Surgical removal followed by monitoring is an important part of managing AC. Conclusions: Advancements in biological and molecular insights have the potential to facilitate earlier diagnosis and treatment. These could lead to improvements in patients’ quality of life and long-term survival. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Cancer: Prophylaxis, Etiopathogenesis and Treatment, 2nd Edition)
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21 pages, 2236 KB  
Review
The Stem Cell Expression Profile of Odontogenic Tumors and Cysts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Eleni-Marina Kalogirou, Georgios Lekakis, Aristodimos Petroulias, Konstantinos Chavdoulas, Vasileios L. Zogopoulos, Ioannis Michalopoulos and Konstantinos I. Tosios
Genes 2023, 14(9), 1735; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14091735 - 30 Aug 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3373
Abstract
Background: Stem cells have been associated with self-renewing and plasticity and have been investigated in various odontogenic lesions in association with their pathogenesis and biological behavior. We aim to provide a systematic review of stem cell markers’ expression in odontogenic tumors and cysts. [...] Read more.
Background: Stem cells have been associated with self-renewing and plasticity and have been investigated in various odontogenic lesions in association with their pathogenesis and biological behavior. We aim to provide a systematic review of stem cell markers’ expression in odontogenic tumors and cysts. Methods: The literature was searched through the MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE via OVID, Web of Science, and CINHAL via EBSCO databases for original studies evaluating stem cell markers’ expression in different odontogenic tumors/cysts, or an odontogenic disease group and a control group. The studies’ risk of bias (RoB) was assessed via a Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool. Meta-analysis was conducted for markers evaluated in the same pair of odontogenic tumors/cysts in at least two studies. Results: 29 studies reported the expression of stem cell markers, e.g., SOX2, OCT4, NANOG, CD44, ALDH1, BMI1, and CD105, in various odontogenic lesions, through immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence, polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, microarrays, and RNA-sequencing. Low, moderate, and high RoBs were observed in seven, nine, and thirteen studies, respectively. Meta-analysis revealed a remarkable discriminative ability of SOX2 for ameloblastic carcinomas or odontogenic keratocysts over ameloblastomas. Conclusion: Stem cells might be linked to the pathogenesis and clinical behavior of odontogenic pathologies and represent a potential target for future individualized therapies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Genetics and Genomics)
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18 pages, 4527 KB  
Article
Enrichment of SOX2-Positive Cells in BRAF V600E Mutated and Recurrent Ameloblastoma
by Chih-Huang Tseng, Pei-Hsuan Lu, Yi-Ping Wang and Julia Yu Fong Chang
J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(1), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12010077 - 8 Jan 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3591
Abstract
Ameloblastoma is the most common benign odontogenic neoplasm, but with an aggressive behavior and a high recurrence rate. Nowadays wide surgical resection is the current recommended treatment, which can cause further loss of function and esthetics. Recent studies point to the stem/progenitor cells [...] Read more.
Ameloblastoma is the most common benign odontogenic neoplasm, but with an aggressive behavior and a high recurrence rate. Nowadays wide surgical resection is the current recommended treatment, which can cause further loss of function and esthetics. Recent studies point to the stem/progenitor cells as both initiators and propagators of the tumors. Elucidation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the tumor stem cells is of broad interest for understanding tumorigenesis and for developing effective targeted therapies. SRY related HMG box gene 2 (SOX2) is a transcription factor that plays important roles in development, stem cell renewal, and cancer formation. Few studies have revealed increased SOX2 expression in atypical ameloblastoma and ameloblastic carcinoma. For the development of personalized medicine for ameloblastoma, biomarkers that provide prognostic or predictive information regarding a tumor’s nature or its response to treatment are essential. Thus, in this study, we aimed to study if SOX2-positive cells exist in ameloblastomas and their correlation with the clinicopathologic parameters. Our data suggested BRAF(V600E) mutation might contribute to the expansion of SOX2-positive cells. The identification of BRAF(V600E) mutation and the amplification of SOX2-positive cells in ameloblastomas imply the possible benefit of applying BRAF and SOX2 inhibitors in recurrent and un-resectable ameloblastomas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Medicine in Oral Cancer)
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10 pages, 2333 KB  
Article
Expression Profile of Stemness Markers CD138, Nestin and Alpha-SMA in Ameloblastic Tumours
by Callisthenis Yiannis, Massimo Mascolo, Michele Davide Mignogna, Silvia Varricchio, Valentina Natella, Gaetano De Rosa, Roberto Lo Giudice, Cosimo Galletti, Rita Paolini and Antonio Celentano
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(8), 3899; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18083899 - 8 Apr 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4066
Abstract
Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare malignant odontogenic neoplasm with a poor prognosis. It can arise de novo or from a pre-existing ameloblastoma. Research into stemness marker expression in ameloblastic tumours is lacking. This study aimed to explore the immunohistochemical expression of stemness markers [...] Read more.
Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare malignant odontogenic neoplasm with a poor prognosis. It can arise de novo or from a pre-existing ameloblastoma. Research into stemness marker expression in ameloblastic tumours is lacking. This study aimed to explore the immunohistochemical expression of stemness markers nestin, CD138, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) for the characterisation of ameloblastic tumours. Six cases of ameloblastoma and four cases of ameloblastic carcinoma were assessed, including one case of ameloblastic carcinoma arising from desmoplastic ameloblastoma. In all tumour samples, CD138 was positive, whilst alpha-SMA was negative. Nestin was negative in all but one tumour sample. Conversely, the presence or absence of these markers varied in stroma samples. Nestin was observed in one ameloblastic carcinoma stroma sample, whilst CD138 was positive in one ameloblastoma case, one desmoplastic ameloblastoma case, and in two ameloblastic carcinoma stroma samples. Finally, alpha-SMA was found positive only in the desmoplastic ameloblastoma stroma sample. Our results suggest nestin expression to be an indicator for ameloblastic carcinoma, and CD138 and alpha-SMA to be promising biomarkers for the malignant transformation of ameloblastoma. Our data showed that nestin, CD138, and alpha-SMA are novel biomarkers for a better understanding of the origins and behaviour of ameloblastic tumours. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of ENT Diseases in Social Life)
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5 pages, 385 KB  
Article
Ameloblastic Carcinoma of the Maxilla with Extension into the Ethmoidal Air Cells and Close Proximity to the Anterior Skull Base: A Rare Case Presentation
by Colin J. Perumal
Craniomaxillofac. Trauma Reconstr. 2012, 5(3), 169-173; https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1322531 - 26 Jul 2012
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 110
Abstract
A case of an ameloblastic carcinoma with extension to the anterior skull base as a result of prolonged misdiagnosis is being presented. Radical surgery and radiotherapy was performed due to involvement of the ethmoidal air sinuses and close proximity to the cranial fossa. [...] Read more.
A case of an ameloblastic carcinoma with extension to the anterior skull base as a result of prolonged misdiagnosis is being presented. Radical surgery and radiotherapy was performed due to involvement of the ethmoidal air sinuses and close proximity to the cranial fossa. Diagnostic tests showed no evidence of metastasis. The patient was treated with surgery, adjuvant radiotherapy, and prosthetic rehabilitation. Full article
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6 pages, 580 KB  
Review
Low-Grade Spindle-Cell Ameloblastic Carcinoma: Report of an Unusual Case with Immunohistochemical Findings and Review of the Literature
by C. Jindal, S. Palaskar, H. Kaur and M. Shankari
Curr. Oncol. 2010, 17(5), 52-57; https://doi.org/10.3747/co.v17i5.580 - 1 Oct 2010
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 802
Abstract
Spindle-cell differentiation in ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare event. Although reported by many authors, it was first described as a separate entity in 1999 by Slater under the heading “low-grade spindle-cell ameloblastic carcinoma.” Here, we report a case of low-grade spindle-cell ameloblastic carcinoma [...] Read more.
Spindle-cell differentiation in ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare event. Although reported by many authors, it was first described as a separate entity in 1999 by Slater under the heading “low-grade spindle-cell ameloblastic carcinoma.” Here, we report a case of low-grade spindle-cell ameloblastic carcinoma arising in pre-existing unicystic ameloblastoma. The patient, a 60-year-old Indian woman, had a large irregular swelling in the left mandibular region. Histologically, the lesion was composed of a large cystic cavity with an ameloblastomatous lining and areas showing spindle-cell proliferation. The spindle cells showed hyperchromatism, nuclear pleomorphism, and scattered mitotic figures. To our knowledge, 6 cases of spindle-cell ameloblastic carcinoma have been published to date, and this case appears to be the first reporting malignant transformation with spindle-cell differentiation in unicystic ameloblastoma. Full article
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