Search Results (43)

Background/Objectives: When the squamocolumnar junction is not fully visible (type 3 transformation zone), colposcopy-directed biopsy may under-sample endocervical disease. Endocervical curettage (ECC) is recommended in selected settings, but its incremental diagnostic yield in this setting, and whether this yield is concentrated in women with HPV16/18, remains clinically debated. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of women referred to colposcopy because of HPV16/18 positivity regardless of cytology, persistent non-16/18 high-risk HPV positivity, and non-16/18 high-risk HPV positivity with abnormal cytology. Persistent non-16/18 high-risk HPV positivity was defined as repeated positivity on two tests performed at least 6 months apart. Eligible women had type 3 transformation zone documented and underwent paired ectocervical biopsy plus ECC at the same visit; biopsy was obtained in all women, including targeted sampling of the most abnormal ectocervical area when no discrete lesion was evident. Women were stratified by HPV genotype into HPV16/18 and non-16/18 high-risk HPV groups. The primary outcome was index high-grade cervical lesion, defined histologically as CIN2, CIN3, or carcinoma in situ; invasive cervical cancer was excluded. The added diagnostic yield of ECC was defined as ECC-only CIN2+, that is, CIN2+ detected on ECC when biopsy was <CIN2. Results: The cohort included 690 women (HPV16/18: 310; non-16/18 high-risk HPV: 380). Baseline cytology was negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy in 116 individuals (16.8%), ASC-US in 155 (22.5%), LSIL in 205 (29.7%), and ASC-H/HSIL in 214 (31.0%). On index composite histology, 122/690 (17.7%) had CIN2, 198/690 (28.7%) had CIN3, and 11/690 (1.6%) had carcinoma in situ. ECC identified CIN2+ not detected by biopsy in 19/690 (2.8%) cases, representing 19/331 (5.7%) of all CIN2+ diagnoses. ECC-only CIN2+ was more frequent in HPV16/18 than non-16/18 high-risk HPV (4.5% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.017). In multivariable analysis, HPV16/18 was associated with increased odds of ECC-only CIN2+ (aOR 3.22, 95% CI 1.10–9.44). No invasive cervical cancers were included in the analytic cohort. Conclusions: In type 3 transformation zone colposcopy, ECC adds a modest incremental yield for CIN2+ detection, with higher yield in HPV16/18-positive women. These findings support a risk-weighted approach to ECC rather than universal routine sampling. Full article

Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic mycosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue typically caused by traumatic inoculation of dematiaceous fungi of the Herpotrichiellaceae. A 59-year-old male presented with a 12-month history of an asymmetrical, scaly plaque on the left forearm that has been slowly increasing in size. Past medical history included atrial fibrillation on apixaban, hypertension and a cardiac stent. A 4 mm punch biopsy of the left forearm revealed superficial dermal fibrosis with mild pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia and granulomatous inflammation with scattered multinucleate histiocytes. There were giant cells with dark brown, somewhat round, yeast-like structures, some with internal septation exhibiting moderate staining for PAS, compatible with Medlar bodies suggestive of chromoblastomycosis. The patient was on rosuvastatin, rendering itraconazole not a possible treatment option, and instead the patient underwent curettage and cautery with two bouts of cryotherapy freeze and thaw cycles. A twelve-month follow-up noted a crusted area on the distal aspect of the scar. A shave biopsy of this area revealed pigmented organisms suggesting a recurrence of chromoblastomycosis. A further excisional biopsy was performed, with no evidence of chromoblastomycosis. This case highlights multiple surgical options for the management of chromoblastomycosis in patients where medical management is contraindicated. It highlights the therapeutic challenge of this disease due to frequent recurrence of lesions and that repeat biopsy may be efficacious in monitoring for recurrence. Full article

The most severe premalignant lesion of glandular epithelium of the cervix is adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS). In most cases it is associated with persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and most often occurs in women in the fourth decade of life. In most high-income countries, primary screening has shifted to HPV testing, while cytology is used for patient triage. Even with current robust screening protocols, their sensitivity for glandular lesions remains limited. Diagnosis of AIS obtained by biopsy, brushing or curettage is confirmed by excisional methods and pathohistological verification. Therapy depends on the patient’s lifestyle and reproductive age. In our case, we present a nulliparous patient with persistent ASC-US, multiple-type HPV infection without HPV 16 and 18 types, and AIS which was diagnosed after conization, follow-up and two biopsies with curettage of cervical canal. Our case report highlights limitations in detection of glandular lesions and need for caution in patients with persistent and seemingly low-grade cytological abnormalities, notably in young patients with high-risk HPV types. Full article

Objectives: The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the outcomes of patients referred for colposcopy due to human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity and/or abnormal cytology. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on women who underwent colposcopy between January 2015 and December 2023. Demographic data and results of the colposcopy result were obtained from the patient files and the electronic gynecologic oncology clinic database. Results: A total of 2682 patients were included in the analysis. A cervical biopsy identified a cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)2+ (CIN2, CIN3, and invasive cancer) lesions in 361 patients (13.5%), while endocervical curettage (ECC) identified a CIN2+ lesions in 148 patients (5.6%). A total of 74 patients exhibited CIN2+ lesions in both cervical biopsy and ECC samples, while 74 patients displayed CIN2+ lesions exclusively in ECC samples. The distribution of high-risk HPV positivity in 435 patients with CIN2+ lesions revealed that 47.5% of patients were positive for HPV type 16, while 8.9% were positive for HPV type 18. A total of 50% of all patients diagnosed with CIN2+ lesions by ECC alone were found to be positive for HPV type 16 (37/74). Of the 116 patients with high-risk HPV positivity and normal cytology, 34 (29.3%) were high-risk HPV other-positive. Conclusion: HPV type 16 and 18 positivity represents the highest-risk groups in terms of CIN2+ lesion development. ECC should be considered, in particular, in women with HPV 16 positivity. Colposcopy should be performed immediately, rather than after one year, in women with high-risk HPV other-positivity and normal cervical cytology, in order to increase the detection rate of CIN2+ lesions. Full article

Aim: Finding innovative paraclinical parameters is necessary for advancing clinical research, in obstetrics and gynecology for subjective symptoms such as pain, especially in patients with a weakened immune system, following, for example, different obstetrical and gynecological surgeries. The purpose of this study was to analyze if genetic markers can correlate with the postoperative outcome and surgical results in obstetrics and gynecology. We wanted to analyze whether patients carrying the G gene responsible for the A11G polymorphism of the OPRM1 receptor really have a higher need for analgesic doses for postoperative pain control, depending on the histopathological results, benign or malignant tumors, dimensions of tumors, type of incision performed, and hospitalization period. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 111 patients, including both obstetrical and gynecological cases. Blood samples (2 mL) for DNA analysis were obtained before surgery in a tube containing EDTA as an anticoagulant and immediately stored at −20 °C until required for further use. The blood samples, which were collected at the time of intravenous cannulation before surgery, were analyzed for the presence of SNP 118AG. Results: We examined the mutation of the opioid receptor called OPRM1 for the polymorphism noted with AG with a plus sign (+) (present) in 24.3% of the patients, with a minus sign (−) (AA) (absent) in 66.7% of the patients, and with a result with both genes modified (GG) in 9%. We correlated the data obtained in histopathology and clinical anamnesis with these results. The OPRM1(+) morphine receptor mutation was more frequently encountered in patients with biopsy uterine curettage (60%) with benign results in anatomopathology, uterine myomectomy of at least 5 cm fibromas with benign results in anatomopathology (50%), Madden mastectomy (50%), interventional hysteroscopy (33.3%) with extraction of benign tumors such as polyps or endometrial hyperplasia, caesarean section-associated surgeries (20.7%), and ovarian cystectomy (20%) (p = 0.048) that had a final benign anatomopathology result. Conclusions: Pain management in the postoperative phase is difficult for clinicians because of the response of patients to opioid therapy. Some of this variability in pain response may result from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human opioid receptor mu-1 (OPRM1) that alter receptor binding or signal transduction. Part of the difficulty in identifying genes and variants that affect postsurgical pain is the inconsistent findings and poor replicability of results. Full article

Background and Objectives: We aim to examine the histopathological results following hysterectomy performed due to insufficient cervical tissue in patients diagnosed with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) who underwent the loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) and cold-knife conisation (CKC) and exhibited continuity at the surgical margin and residual disease. Materials and Methods: Thirty-four patients who underwent hysterectomy due to insufficient cervical tissue and had HSILs at the surgical margin were included in this study. The following information was analysed: age, body mass index (BMI), parity, menopausal status (premenopausal/postmenopausal), smoking history, smear result, HPV result, colposcopic cervical biopsy result, transformation zone information, LEEP+Endocervical Curettage (ECC) histopathological result, CKC+ECC histopathological result, hysterectomy material histopathological result, presence or absence of cervical glandular involvement, and presence or absence of residual lesions in the hysterectomy material. Results: The mean (±SD) age of the study cohort was 46.7 ± 8.3 years, the mean BMI was 27.4 ± 2.3 kg/m², and the mean parity was 2.5 ± 0.7. According to the results of the hysterectomy performed on these 34 patients, in whom Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia 3 (CIN3) continuity at the surgical margin and the inability to perform re-excision were determined, 8 patients (23.5%) had CIN2, 19 patients (55.9%) had CIN3, 3 patients (8.8%) had adenocarcinoma in situ, and 4 patients (11.8%) had squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Histopathological examinations of the hysterectomy specimens revealed negative surgical margins in all patients, while glandular involvement was present in 13 patients (34.2%). Conclusions: It should be borne in mind that patients with HSILs showing continuity at the surgical margin may have an underlying squamous cell carcinoma. These patients should be carefully evaluated for hysterectomy if they do not have sufficient cervical tissue for repeat excisional procedures. Full article

Background/Objective: The standard approach for managing suspected basal cell carcinoma (BCC) involves performing a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis before treatment. This process often leads to multiple visits and increased healthcare costs. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of direct surgical excision of BCCs diagnosed clinically and dermoscopically, without the need for prior biopsy. Methods: We conducted a retrospective case–control study at a tertiary cancer center. Lesions suspected to be BCC, based on clinical and dermoscopic criteria, were divided into two groups: (1) a streamlined treatment group (cases), in which lesions were treated without a confirmatory biopsy (either excised with a 4 mm margin or managed with curettage and electrodesiccation); (2) and a biopsied group (controls). Clinical and histopathological data were analyzed and compared between groups to assess diagnostic accuracy, margin status, and treatment outcomes. Results: Of 389 BCCs, 167 (42.9%) were streamlined, while 222 (57.1%) underwent a biopsy before definitive treatment. The streamlined group demonstrated higher diagnostic accuracy, with 94.6% of excised lesions confirmed as BCC, compared with 73.4% in the biopsy group (p < 0.001). Among lesions excised with 4 mm margins, 97.9% achieved clear margins with the streamlined approach. Margin involvement was associated with high-risk BCC (p = 0.048), particularly with recurrent BCCs (p = 0.023). Conclusions: Streamlined management of BCC through direct excision without prior biopsy is an efficient and cost-effective strategy that reduces patient visits, costs, and waiting times, particularly for low-risk BCCs and older patients. Advances in dermoscopy and non-invasive tools support their accuracy, making it a feasible option in resource-limited settings. Full article

Background/Objectives: Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is a pathology of the uterus, which is a pathological overgrowth of the endometrial glands associated with the risk of progression to endometrial cancer (EC). The purpose of this study was to conduct a retrospective comparative analysis of the medical and social characteristics of women with endometrial hyperplasia (EH) across two time periods (2016–2017 and 2023–2024) in Almaty, the largest city in Kazakhstan. Methods: A retrospective comparative analysis included 376 women (188 per period) with histologically confirmed EH treated in public and private healthcare facilities. Data were extracted from electronic medical systems (Damumed, Avicenna). Group differences were evaluated using the χ² test, Fisher’s exact test, and Mann–Whitney U test. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated; significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The proportion of postmenopausal women increased from 22.3% to 37.8% (OR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.34–3.32, p < 0.001), and self-referrals to private clinics rose from 17.6% to 37.2% (OR: 2.79, 95% CI 1.73–4.49, p < 0.001). Women with higher education became more prevalent (from 26.1% to 43.6%, OR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.42–3.39, p < 0.001), along with an increase in endocrine and metabolic disorders such as thyroid disease (from 4.8% to 12.2%, OR: 2.77, 95% CI: 1.25–6.16) and overweight status (from 51.6% to 65.4%, OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.17–2.69, p = 0.020). Asymptomatic cases were more frequently detected (from 18.6% to 28.2%, OR: 1.72, CI: 1.06–2.79, p = 0.028), and diagnostic approaches shifted from blind curettage (78.2% vs. 47.3%, OR: 0.25, CI: 0.16–0.39, p < 0.001) toward hysteroscopy with biopsy (from 21.3% to 53.7%, OR: 4.30, CI: 2.73–6.75, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Over seven years, the clinical and socio-demographic composition of women with EH in Almaty has changed toward older, more educated, and metabolically burdened populations, with broader access to minimally invasive diagnostic methods. The findings describe observable structural changes and risk group patterns, emphasizing the importance of prospective, registry-based, and molecularly oriented studies to refine clinical strategies for prevention and early detection. Full article

Background: Endometrial proliferative lesions are common in the menopausal transition and carry a measurable risk of carcinoma. Early risk stratification may guide evaluation and follow-up. Methods: We performed a single-center retrospective study of 315 women aged 45–55 years (May 2021–May 2024) at a private clinic in Bucharest. Lesions were classified per WHO 2014 as hyperplasia without atypia, atypical hyperplasia/endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (AH/EIN), or adenocarcinoma; “advanced pathology” was defined as AH/EIN or adenocarcinoma. Clinical comorbidities and transvaginal ultrasound endometrial thickness were recorded. Associations were tested with χ²; odds were estimated with multivariable logistic regression (adjusted ORs), with a modified Poisson sensitivity analysis for adjusted relative risk. Thickness differences were compared by one-way ANOVA, and severity correlations by Spearman’s ρ. Internal validation used 1000-bootstrap resampling. Results: Hyperplasia without atypia comprised 74.6% of cases, AH/EIN 20.0%, and adenocarcinoma 5.4% (advanced pathology 25.4%). Diabetes was independently associated with advanced pathology (aOR 2.75; 95% CI 1.14–6.61; p = 0.0237), while a history of non-atypical hyperplasia was inversely associated (aOR 0.31; 95% CI 0.13–0.72; p = 0.0068). Obesity showed a borderline association (aOR 1.79; 95% CI 0.98–3.26; p = 0.058), and long-term oral contraceptive use also approached significance (aOR 0.42; 95% CI 0.18–1.00; p = 0.051). Endometrial thickness increased stepwise with histopathological severity (ANOVA p < 0.0001; η² = 0.44) and correlated with ordered severity (ρ = 0.634). The multivariable model showed moderate discrimination (AUC 0.68; optimism-corrected 0.66) with acceptable calibration (slope 0.92; Hosmer–Lemeshow p = 0.052) and overall accuracy (Brier 0.18). Conclusions: In perimenopausal abnormal bleeding, metabolic comorbidities—especially diabetes—together with increased endometrial thickness identify women at higher risk of AH/EIN or carcinoma. Histopathology remains the diagnostic reference. The model can aid clinical prioritization but requires external validation and should not be used as the sole basis for decisions. Full article

Introduction: Renal malacoplakia is a rare chronic granulomatous disease, often associated with immunosuppression and persistent Gram-negative infections, particularly Escherichia coli. Case Presentation: We present a case involving a 31-year-old woman with hypertension, gestational diabetes, and prior uterine curettage after labor induction for preeclampsia at 23 weeks. She developed urinary sepsis post-procedure. Imaging revealed bilateral nephromegaly, while laboratory tests showed acute kidney injury (KDIGO stage III), anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Blood and urine cultures grew Escherichia coli. Renal biopsy confirmed malacoplakia, demonstrating PAS-positive Michaelis–Gutmann bodies and Von Hansemann cells. The patient responded to prolonged antibiotic therapy and supportive care. Discussion and Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of considering renal malacoplakia in patients with atypical urinary tract infections and nephromegaly, particularly in obstetric settings. Histopathological confirmation is essential, and timely treatment with intracellularly active antibiotics can lead to favorable outcomes. Early diagnosis is critical to prevent irreversible renal damage. Full article

(1) Background: After receiving an abnormal Papanicolaou smear result, very often women fail to adhere to further procedures due to depression. Using a neural network approach, this research aimed to predict pre- and post-diagnostic depressive symptoms in women with abnormal Pap screening tests. (2) Methods: The study was conducted at the Clinical Center of Kragujevac, Serbia, among 172 women with a positive Pap screening result before and after diagnostic procedures (colposcopy/biopsy/endocervical curettage). Just before and 2 to 4 weeks after the diagnostic procedures, women filled out a socio-demographic questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Multilayer perceptron neural networks were modeled. (3) Results: Depression was present in 37.2% of women before diagnostic procedures and in 48.3% after. Feature selection showed four variables that correlated with depression before diagnostic procedures—anxiety (according to the HADS), depression according to the CESD scale, worry score on the POSM scale and use of sedatives. Model for predicting pre-diagnostic depression yielded an accuracy of 79.41%, with a value of 0.842 for area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). The HADS anxiety score, place of residence and CESD score were the most important attributes for predicting post-diagnostic depression, with an ANN model accuracy of 88.24% and AUROC 0.939. (4) Conclusions: This research revealed a possible way of predicting depression occurrence in those women who received a positive Pap screening test and who are undergoing follow-up diagnostics, aiding medical doctors in the provision of successful and on-time psychological assistance. Full article

Objective: Accurate preoperative differentiation between benign endometrial conditions and malignancies is essential for guiding therapeutic interventions. However, high-quality evidence regarding the diagnostic accuracy of endometrial sampling techniques remains insufficient. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of hysteroscopically directed biopsy, Pipelle suction curettage, and dilatation and curettage (D&C) for detecting endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma in premenopausal women and to identify associated risk factors. Methods: A retrospective single-center cohort analysis was conducted on 2054 premenopausal women. Demographic, clinical, and obstetric data, along with biopsy techniques and histopathological findings, were recorded. Diagnostic accuracy of biopsy methods was compared against definitive surgical pathology. Results: The prevalence of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma was 5.6% and 1.0%, respectively. Hysteroscopically directed biopsy demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy (AUC 0.957) compared to D&C (AUC 0.909) and Pipelle suction curettage (AUC 0.858). Sensitivity was highest for hysteroscopically directed biopsy (91.3%), followed by D&C (82.0%) and Pipelle suction curettage (71.7%), while specificity remained excellent across all methods (p < 0.001). Elevated BMI increased the risk of hyperplasia or carcinoma by 1.05 times per unit increase (OR = 1.054, p = 0.005), while hypertension nearly doubled the risk (OR = 1.99, p = 0.009). Multiparity showed protective effects, reducing risk with each additional delivery (OR = 0.877, p = 0.029). Conclusions: Hysteroscopically directed biopsy provides superior diagnostic accuracy for detecting endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma in premenopausal women. Hypertension and elevated BMI increase risk, while multiparity offers protective benefits. Full article

Background and Objectives: The aims of this study were to assess the impact of smoking on cervical histopathology in women with high-risk HPV types 16 and 18 (the most common types) utilizing comprehensive clinical data and to conduct a risk analysis based on smoking pack-years. Materials and Methods: Between 2022 and 2024, 1048 high-risk HPV-positive women aged 25 to 65 years were categorized into two groups: smokers and non-smokers. Data acquired from a histopathological examination of samples collected during a colposcopic evaluation of these women were compared individually regarding clinical and demographic factors, specifically age, gravida, parity, and alcohol consumption. Subsequently, the impact of prolonged and excessive smoking on histopathological cellular changes was assessed in women with the same characteristics. A case–control study was performed on 312 smokers and 312 non-smokers following mutual matching. Results: The women were matched one-to-one regarding gravida, parity, and alcohol consumption. Subsequently, they were paired within a ±2-year age range. The mean age of the smoker group was 47.1 ± 8.8, while that of the non-smoker group was 47.2 ± 8.5 (p: 0.904). In all cases of high-risk HPV positivity, the rate of normal cervical cytological results was 14% in women who smoked and 29% in women who did not smoke. The LGSIL, HGSIL, ASC-H, and AGC-NOS rates were elevated in the smoker group, and a statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of abnormal cervical cytological results (p < 0.001). After a colposcopic biopsy, the smoker group exhibited higher rates of HGSILs, LGSILs, AGC-NOS, and CIS pathological lesions (28% vs. 23%), whereas the non-smoker group exhibited higher rates of chronic cervicitis (23% vs. 16%). However, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (p: 0.092). In a comparison of endocervical curettage (ECC) samples, it was observed that the HGSIL, CIS, and AGC-FN rates in the smoker group were almost the same as those in the non-smoker group. However, the LGSIL histopathology results (32% vs. 18%) were higher, and the rate of negativity with no pathology was higher in the non-smoker group (72% vs. 59%). A statistically significant difference in ECC histopathology was noted between the two groups (p < 0.001). An ROC analysis conducted between smoking pack-years and the colposcopic and endocervical curettage biopsy results revealed that the cutoff value for the colposcopic abnormal histopathological results increased, with 40% sensitivity and 76% specificity above 20 pack-years (AUC: 0.592 and p: 0.025). Additionally, the abnormal histopathology rates for endocervical curettage exhibited 81% sensitivity and 32% specificity above 13 pack-years (AUC: 0.586 and p: 0.008). The rate of abnormalities in the colposcopic biopsy results was 2.19 times higher for individuals with over 20 pack-years, and the rate of abnormalities in the ECC results was 2.08 times higher for those with over 13 pack-years; additionally, statistically significant results were obtained (p-values of 0.027 and 0.008, respectively). Conclusions: The most important cause of neoplastic changes in the cervix uteri is high-risk HPV infection, with evidence indicating that prolonged excessive smoking significantly exacerbates the persistence and progression of HPV infection, thereby influencing neoplastic changes in the cervix uteri. It is crucial for women to cease smoking in order to eradicate HPV infection from the body. Full article

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate psychosocial burden and its associated factors in women who were referred for additional diagnostic procedures following receipt of a positive cervical-cancer-screening smear result. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in a consecutive cohort of only women who received an abnormal Papanicolaou screening result and therefore presented to a gynecologist for additional diagnostic examinations (colposcopy/biopsy/endocervical curettage) at the Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics of the Clinical Center. Multivariate linear regression was used for data analysis, with Bonferroni correction applied for multiple comparisons. Results: Significant independent predictors for the occurrence of psychosocial burden–worry in women with a positive Papanicolaou screening test before diagnostic procedures were the use of oral contraceptives (β = −0.174, p < 0.001), alcohol consumption (β = 0.188, p < 0.001), anxiety (β = −0.189, p = 0.001), high burden of depressive symptoms (β = 0.191, p = 0.001) and insufficient knowledge of the meaning of the term dysplasia/precancerous (β = −0.187, p < 0.001), according to the multivariate linear regression. The significant independent predictor for the occurrence of psychosocial burden–satisfaction with information/support in women with a positive Papanicolaou screening test before diagnostic procedures was psychological distress (β = −0.210, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Providing information in order to improve understanding of the term dysplasia/precancerous, as well as identifying which women are at risk of psychosocial burden, may help protect against this potential harm among women who receive a positive cervical-cancer-screening result and may facilitate their intention to undergo further diagnostic procedures. Full article

(1) Background: Cervical screening and additional diagnostic procedures often lead to depression. This research aimed to develop a prediction model for depression in women who received an abnormal Papanicolaou screening test, prior to and following the diagnostic procedures. (2) Methods: The study included women who had a positive Papanicolaou screening test (N = 172) and attended the Clinical Center of Kragujevac in Serbia for additional diagnostic procedures (colposcopy/biopsy/endocervical curettage). Women filled out a sociodemographic survey and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression questionnaire (CES-D scale) before and after diagnostic procedures. A prediction model was built with multilayer perceptron neural networks. (3) Results: A correlation-based filter method of feature selection indicated four variables that correlated with depression both prior to and following the diagnostic procedures—anxiety, depression, worry, and concern about health consequences. In addition, the use of sedatives and a history of both induced and spontaneous abortion correlated with pre-diagnostic depression. Important attributes for predicting post-diagnostic depression were scores for the domains ‘Tension/discomfort’ and ‘Embarrassment’ and depression in personal medical history. The accuracy of the pre-diagnostic procedures model was 70.6%, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was 0.668. The model for post-diagnostic depression prediction showed an accuracy of 70.6%, and an AUROC = 0.836. (4) Conclusions: This study helps provide means to predict the occurrence of depression in women with an abnormal Papanicolaou screening result prior to and following diagnostic procedures, which can aid healthcare professionals in successfully providing timely psychological support to those women who are referred to further diagnostics. Full article