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Keywords = blue coke

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14 pages, 4312 KB  
Article
Nitric Acid-Treated Blue Coke-Based Activated Carbon’s Structural Characteristics and Its Application in Hexavalent Chromium-Containing Wastewater Treatment
by Wencheng Wang, Hua Wang, Yunxuan Luoyang, Guotao Zhang, Xuchun Gao, Jian Li, Xia Li and Miao He
Molecules 2023, 28(24), 7986; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28247986 - 7 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1754
Abstract
This study primarily focused on the efficient transformation of low-priced blue coke powder into a high-capacity adsorbent and aimed to address the pollution issue of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI))-laden wastewater and to facilitate the effective utilization of blue coke powder. A two-step method [...] Read more.
This study primarily focused on the efficient transformation of low-priced blue coke powder into a high-capacity adsorbent and aimed to address the pollution issue of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI))-laden wastewater and to facilitate the effective utilization of blue coke powder. A two-step method was utilized to fabricate a blue coke-based nitric acid-modified material (LCN), and the impact of nitric acid modification on the material’s structure and its efficacy in treating Cr (VI)-contaminated wastewater was evaluated. Our experimental results illustrated that, under identical conditions, LCN exhibited superior performance for Cr (VI) treatment compared to the method employing only potassium hydroxide (LCK). The specific surface area and pore volume of LCN were 1.39 and 1.36 times greater than those of LCK, respectively. Further chemical composition analysis revealed that the functional group structure on the LCN surface was more conducive to Cr (VI) adsorption. The highest amount of Cr (VI) that LCN could bind was measured at 181.962 mg/g at 318 K. This was mostly due to chemisorption, which is dominated by redox reactions. The Cr (VI) removal process by LCN was identified to be a spontaneous, exothermic, and entropy-increasing process. Several tests on recycling and reuse showed that LCN is a stable and effective chromium-containing wastewater adsorbent, showing that it could be used in many situations. Full article
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19 pages, 7133 KB  
Article
Effect of the Injection Structure on Gas Velocity Distribution in a 3D Vertical Oven
by Qiucheng Zhou, Zhanyu Yang, Changsong Zheng, Liping Wei, Dong Li and Xiaoyong Fan
Coatings 2023, 13(10), 1707; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13101707 - 28 Sep 2023
Viewed by 2024
Abstract
Gas injection structures were designed for a vertical oven to improve the gas–solid flow countercurrent structure. This work measured the wall temperature distribution of the vertical oven to reflect gas velocity distribution, and simulated the basic gas–solid flow field. The effects of the [...] Read more.
Gas injection structures were designed for a vertical oven to improve the gas–solid flow countercurrent structure. This work measured the wall temperature distribution of the vertical oven to reflect gas velocity distribution, and simulated the basic gas–solid flow field. The effects of the number of gas orifice layers and the injection angle on the gas velocity distribution were examined. The results showed that number of gas injection layers had a significant effect on the gas velocity distribution in the lower zone. Compared with the distributions with one or three injection layers, two injection layers produce more uniform gas flow. A small particle size of 6–15 mm increased the bed resistance and solid fraction standard deviation. A nozzle angle of 45° was conducive to increase the gas velocity in the upper zone and forming a more uniform gas distribution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Liquid–Fluid Interfaces and Dynamics)
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15 pages, 2917 KB  
Article
Production of Activated Carbon from Sifted Coke and Determination of Its Physicochemical Characteristics
by Aigul T. Ordabaeva, Zainulla M. Muldakhmetov, Arstan M. Gazaliev, Sergey V. Kim, Zhazira S. Shaikenova and Mazhit G. Meiramov
Molecules 2023, 28(15), 5661; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28155661 - 26 Jul 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1919
Abstract
The possibility of obtaining effective coal sorbents from a low-liquid product of coke chemical production—coke fines—has been studied. To obtain a coal sorbent, coke fines with a size of ≤10 mm were crushed and sieved to obtain a fraction of 2–5 mm. The [...] Read more.
The possibility of obtaining effective coal sorbents from a low-liquid product of coke chemical production—coke fines—has been studied. To obtain a coal sorbent, coke fines with a size of ≤10 mm were crushed and sieved to obtain a fraction of 2–5 mm. The resulting fraction was activated in a specially designed reactor at 850 °C with steam treatment. Activation was carried out at different durations of the process: 60, 90, and 120 min. It was found that the sample obtained with a process duration of 120 min has the best indicator for the ability to remove phenol from aqueous solutions (74.94 mg/g) and methylene blue (145 mg/g). When cleaning tap water with the resulting carbon sorbent, there is a decrease in the content of calcium, sulfates, and bicarbonate and a decrease in total mineralization. Obtained activated carbon was studied by scanning electron microscopy, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption (BET), and FTIR spectroscopy. It was found that the resulting activated carbon has a porous structure consisting of meso- and macropores, and the specific surface value was ~301 m2/g. The presence of high-intensity absorption bands corresponding to acid functional groups has also been established. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Adsorbents for Water Treatment)
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11 pages, 3389 KB  
Article
Synthesis of Micro-Electrolysis Composite Materials from Blast Furnace Dust and Application into Organic Pollutant Degradation
by Xiangrong Zeng, Ting Xie, Bin Zeng, Lijinhong Huang, Xindong Li and Wanfu Huang
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(23), 4275; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12234275 - 1 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1956
Abstract
A micro-electrolysis material (MEM) was successfully prepared from carbothermal reduction of blast furnace dust (BFD) and coke as raw materials in a nitrogen atmosphere. The MEM prepared from BFD had strong ability in removing methyl orange, methylene blue, and rose bengal (the removal [...] Read more.
A micro-electrolysis material (MEM) was successfully prepared from carbothermal reduction of blast furnace dust (BFD) and coke as raw materials in a nitrogen atmosphere. The MEM prepared from BFD had strong ability in removing methyl orange, methylene blue, and rose bengal (the removal rates of methyl orange and methylene blue were close to 100%). X-ray diffraction showed that the iron mineral in BFD was ferric oxide, which was converted to zero-valent iron after being reduced by calcination. Scanning electron microscopy showed that nano-scale zero-valent iron particles were formed in the MEM. In short, the MEM prepared from BFD can effectively degrade organic pollutants. Full article
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20 pages, 2093 KB  
Review
Challenges and Outlines of Steelmaking toward the Year 2030 and Beyond—Indian Perspective
by Sethu Prasanth Shanmugam, Viswanathan N. Nurni, Sambandam Manjini, Sanjay Chandra and Lauri E. K. Holappa
Metals 2021, 11(10), 1654; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11101654 - 19 Oct 2021
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 9954
Abstract
In FY-20, India’s steel production was 109 MT, and it is the second-largest steel producer on the planet, after China. India’s per capita consumption of steel was around 75 kg, which has risen from 59 kg in FY-14. Despite the increase in consumption, [...] Read more.
In FY-20, India’s steel production was 109 MT, and it is the second-largest steel producer on the planet, after China. India’s per capita consumption of steel was around 75 kg, which has risen from 59 kg in FY-14. Despite the increase in consumption, it is much lower than the average global consumption of 230 kg. The per capita consumption of steel is one of the strongest indicators of economic development across the nation. Thus, India has an ambitious plan of increasing steel production to around 250 MT and per capita consumption to around 160 kg by the year 2030. Steel manufacturers in India can be classified based on production routes as (a) oxygen route (BF/BOF route) and (b) electric route (electric arc furnace and induction furnace). One of the major issues for manufacturers of both routes is the availability of raw materials such as iron ore, direct reduced iron (DRI), and scrap. To achieve the level of 250 MT, steel manufacturers have to focus on improving the current process and product scenario as well as on research and development activities. The challenge to stop global warming has forced the global steel industry to strongly cut its CO2 emissions. In the case of India, this target will be extremely difficult by ruling in the production duplication planned by the year 2030. This work focuses on the recent developments of various processes and challenges associated with them. Possibilities and opportunities for improving the current processes such as top gas recycling, increasing pulverized coal injection, and hydrogenation as well as the implementation of new processes such as HIsarna and other CO2-lean iron production technologies are discussed. In addition, the eventual transition to hydrogen ironmaking and “green” electricity in smelting are considered. By fast-acting improvements in current facilities and brave investments in new carbon-lean technologies, the CO2 emissions of the Indian steel industry can peak and turn downward toward carbon-neutral production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Prospects of Steelmaking Towards the Year 2050)
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18 pages, 5055 KB  
Article
Enhancement of Desulfurization Capacity with Cu-Based Macro-Porous Sorbents for Hydrogen Production by Gasification of Petroleum Cokes
by Dongjoon Kim, Dasol Bae, Yu Jin Kim, Seung Jong Lee, Jin Wook Lee, Yongseung Yun, No-Kuk Park and Minkyu Kim
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(17), 7775; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11177775 - 24 Aug 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2492
Abstract
Macro-porous alumina was used as a support for a pellet-type Cu-based desulfurization sorbent in the gas purification process for producing blue hydrogen by the gasification of petroleum coke. The effects of the macro-porous alumina on the pellet-type sorbents in reducing the gas diffusion [...] Read more.
Macro-porous alumina was used as a support for a pellet-type Cu-based desulfurization sorbent in the gas purification process for producing blue hydrogen by the gasification of petroleum coke. The effects of the macro-porous alumina on the pellet-type sorbents in reducing the gas diffusion resistance into the pores were investigated. The results showed that the macro-porous alumina enhances the diffusion resistance, resulting in an improved sulfur capacity of CuO absorbents. Such effects were more significant on the pellet type CuO absorbents than the powder type. In addition, CO production was observed experimentally during the desulfurization reaction of carbonyl sulfide (COS) at low temperatures (~473 K). Density functional theory calculations were also performed to understand the kinetics of desulfurization and CO production. The simulation results predicted that the kinetics of desulfurization is strongly affected by the local surface environment. The CO generated from C–O bond breaking from COS had a lower adsorption energy than the CO2 formation. These results suggest that the Cu-based desulfurization sorbent has potential catalytic activity for producing CO from COS dissociation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano Korea 2021)
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14 pages, 4616 KB  
Article
β-Si3N4 Microcrystals Prepared by Carbothermal Reduction-Nitridation of Quartz
by Meng Zhang, Zhi Chen, Juntong Huang, Saifang Huang, Zhihui Hu, Zhijun Feng, Qingming Xiong and Xibao Li
Materials 2019, 12(21), 3622; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12213622 - 4 Nov 2019
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3696
Abstract
Single phase β-Si3N4 with microcrystals was synthesized via carbothermal reduction-nitridation (CRN) of quartz and carbon coke powder as starting materials. The effects of reaction parameters, i.e., heating temperature, holding time, C/SiO2 ratio, Fe2O3 additive and β-Si [...] Read more.
Single phase β-Si3N4 with microcrystals was synthesized via carbothermal reduction-nitridation (CRN) of quartz and carbon coke powder as starting materials. The effects of reaction parameters, i.e., heating temperature, holding time, C/SiO2 ratio, Fe2O3 additive and β-Si3N4 seeds on the phase transformation and morphology of products were investigated and discussed. Rather than receiving a mixture of both α- and β- phases of Si3N4 in the products, we synthesized powders of β-Si3N4 single polymorph in this work. The mechanism for the CRN synthesis of β-Si3N4 from quartz and the formation mechanism of Fe3Si droplets were discussed. We also firstly reported the formation of Fe3Si Archimedean solids from a CRN process where Fe2O3 was introduced as additive. Comparing to the gear-like short columnar morphology observed in samples without β-Si3N4 seeding, the addition of β-Si3N4 seeds led to an elongated morphology of final products and much finer widths. In addition, the β-Si3N4 microcrystals exhibited a violet‒blue spectral emission range, which could be highly valuable for their future potential optoelectronic applications. Full article
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