Search Results (721)

Background/Objectives: The growing population of cancer survivors has increased the need for reliable, culturally appropriate instruments to identify unmet supportive care needs. The Cancer Survivors’ Unmet Needs Measure (CaSUN) is a survivorship-specific assessment tool, but validated Russian and Kazakh versions have not previously been available. This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt CaSUN, evaluate its psychometric properties in cancer survivors in Kazakhstan, and examine unmet needs relevant to survivorship care. Methods: This cross-sectional psychometric validation study included 404 cancer survivors (Russian version, n = 201; Kazakh version, n = 203). Translation and cultural adaptation involved forward- and back-translation, expert review, cognitive debriefing, and pilot testing. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Construct validity was evaluated using exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), with measurement invariance examined across language versions. Unmet needs and associated demographic and clinical factors were also examined. Results: Both versions demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha: Russian = 0.966; Kazakh = 0.978). KMO values were 0.920 and 0.940, respectively (Bartlett’s tests, p < 0.001). EFA yielded a five-factor solution explaining 68.1% and 64.2% of the variance in the Russian and Kazakh versions, respectively; however, parallel analysis supported five factors in the Russian sample but suggested three in the Kazakh sample, indicating greater structural uncertainty for the Kazakh version. CFA demonstrated good incremental fit in both language groups (Russian: CFI = 0.975, TLI = 0.973; Kazakh: CFI = 0.973, TLI = 0.971), although RMSEA (0.096 and 0.102, respectively) and SRMR (0.116 and 0.099, respectively) indicated residual model misfit. Metric invariance was supported, while scalar invariance was supported by conventional fit index criteria but should be regarded as provisional. The most frequent unmet needs concerned medical care, up-to-date information, and involvement in health management. Younger age, male sex, urban residence, a history of cancer recurrence, and Kazakh language completion were independently associated with more unmet needs. Conclusions: The Russian and Kazakh CaSUN versions demonstrated high internal consistency and evidence supporting construct validity and cross-language comparability. These culturally adapted versions may support systematic needs assessment and patient-centered survivorship care in multilingual oncology services in Kazakhstan. Full article

Lymphedema is usually approached as a survivorship complication; yet, many of the injuries that produce lymphatic failure begin during cancer treatment planning. Regional nodal irradiation, chemoradiation, lymph-node surgery, systemic therapy, obesity, infection history, and baseline lymphatic reserve can converge to produce chronic swelling, fibrosis, cellulitis risk, functional limitation, and an impaired quality of life. Despite this, lymphatic drainage pathways are rarely contoured, constrained, or prospectively monitored as organs at risk in radiotherapy practice. This commentary argues that the lymphatic system should enter radiotherapy-planning discussions as a candidate toxicity structure, while cautioning against premature universal dose constraints. Evidence signals are clinically meaningful but not yet protocol-defining: in the MA.20 breast cancer trial, regional nodal irradiation increased lymphedema from 4.5% to 8.4%; in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, mean doses of approximately 58.7 Gy to level IV and 58.6 Gy to levels I–VII were proposed as thresholds associated with moderate/severe facial lymphedema; and gynecological cancer studies report wide lower-limb lymphedema incidence ranges, with radiotherapy, lymphadenectomy, number of nodes removed, and body mass index repeatedly implicated as risk factors. The immediate priority is not mandatory lymphatic sparing, but lymphatic-aware planning: a baseline risk assessment, reproducible candidate contours, dose–volume reporting, selective sparing where oncologically safe, and prospective toxicity monitoring. The author proposed a framework to reflect this argument. Making lymphatic toxicity visible, measurable, and modelled may help shift lymphedema from an accepted late effect to a potentially preventable planning endpoint. Full article

Background: Rising survival rates have created a growing population of childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) who have an increased risk of late effects and require long-term follow-up (LTFU) care. Existing services are often fragmented and may not reflect survivors’ priorities; optimizing such care requires understanding not only the self-reported burden of late effects and their impact on daily lives but also survivors’ information status and their preferences for future care. Methods: Survivor Deutschland e.V. conducted a nationwide cross-sectional online survey assessing the current late effects, daily-life impairments, subjective information statuses, current follow-up structures, and preferences for future LTFU care. A total of 339 CCSs were included, covering all childhood cancer entities, most frequently leukemia (30.7%), central nervous system tumors (18.3%), and lymphoma (16.5%). Data were analyzed descriptively and supplemented by paired non-parametric analyses. Results: Overall, 74.3% (252/339) reported at least one late effect. Self-rated limitations in daily life had a median of five (Q1–Q3 3–7) on a 1–10 scale, which increased with the number of reported late effects. The most frequently affected domains were endocrine (36.3%, n = 123), fertility (33.6%), psychological (30.4%, n = 103), neurocognitive (26.0%, n = 88), and orthopedic (24.8%, n = 84) problems. A majority (69.3%, n = 235) knew that late effects existed yet felt insufficiently informed, and 4.4% only learned of these through the survey. Among 172 survivors in adult follow-up care, only 26.8% (46/172) reported access to structured, specialized LTFU care, whereas 56.4% (97/172) preferred this model. Survivors rated the importance of LTFU care highly (median 9/10) but rated satisfaction with their current care as much lower (median 3/10). The most valued components were the coverage of follow-up costs, sufficient consultation time, a dedicated contact person, and clear communication of results. Psychological support was a notable gap (5.8%, 10/172 current access vs. 17.9% 31/172 preferred), and 84.1% were willing to travel up to two hours or more for high-quality care. Conclusions: German CCSs report a high late-effect burden, meaningful impairment of their daily lives, a pronounced information gap, and substantial unmet care needs. These patient-centered findings support structured, risk-adapted LTFU with proactive information, integrated psychological support, and sustainable financing at specialized LTFU centers. Full article

Background: Cancer survivors are at increased risk for developing subsequent cancers, including HPV-associated cancers, compared to the general population. However, evidence regarding the receipt of HPV vaccination and cancer diagnosis status is limited. Methods: We analyzed 2019 and 2022 National Health Interview Survey data, focusing on adults aged 18–45 years who were eligible for HPV vaccination. We performed descriptive statistics and evaluated associations using survey-weighted bivariable and multivariable logistic regression to assess the association between a personal history of any cancer diagnosis and receipt of HPV vaccination, adjusting for sociodemographic and behavioral factors. Results: Among 20,917 participants (mean [SD] age (years): 31.41 [13.58]), 489 (2.0%) were cancer survivors; 99 (19.3%) received HPV vaccination. Among 20,423 adults without a cancer diagnosis, 5317 (27.8%) had received HPV vaccination. Five participants had missing data on cancer history. Cancer survivors had significantly lower odds of HPV vaccination compared to adults without a personal cancer history (Adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR]: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.52–0.87, p = 0.003). Living in non-metro areas (aOR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.66–0.89, p < 0.001), smokers [current (aOR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.71–0.94, p = 0.005), and former (aOR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.67–0.84, p < 0.001)], non-US-born (aOR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.47–0.61, p < 0.001), uninsured (aOR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.52–0.69, p < 0.001) had significantly lower odds of receiving HPV vaccination. Those who were 18–26 years (aOR: 5.49, 95% CI: 4.73–6.37, p < 0.001), non-Hispanic others (aOR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.11–1.75, p = 0.004), females (aOR: 3.18, 95% CI: 2.84–3.56, p < 0.001), higher education [some college/bachelor’s education (aOR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.41–1.74, p < 0.001), and graduate degree/professional scholar (aOR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.65–2.22, p < 0.001)], living in rented housing (aOR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.08–1.29, p < 0.001) had significantly higher odds of receiving HPV vaccination. Conclusions: HPV vaccination uptake is low among cancer survivors. Targeted interventions such as strong oncologists’ recommendations, patient reminders, and care coordination between oncology and primary care professionals are needed to increase HPV vaccination uptake in this population. Full article

Background: Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is a common consequence of hypoestrogenism that negatively affects vulvovaginal health, sexual function, and quality of life. Evidence comparing non-hormonal treatment options in women with hormone-dependent malignancies remains limited. This study evaluated patient-reported outcomes following non-ablative Er:YAG laser therapy or hyaluronic acid vaginal gel in women with hormone-dependent cancer and GSM. Methods: In this prospective randomized pilot study, 65 women with hormone-dependent malignancies and GSM were randomized to receive either three sessions of non-ablative Er:YAG vaginal laser therapy (n = 34) or 0.2% hyaluronic acid vaginal gel applied intravaginally every 72 h for two months (n = 31). The primary outcome was change in the total Vulvovaginal Symptom Questionnaire (VSQ) score; change in the total Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) score was a secondary outcome, and domain-level analyses were exploratory. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and one month after treatment. Wilcoxon signed-rank and Mann–Whitney U tests were used for the principal analyses; adjusted analyses were performed using ANCOVA. The study was retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT07420647; first posted on 19 February 2026). Results: Within-group improvements were observed under both active interventions. The primary between-group comparison showed no difference in total VSQ change (p = 0.398). Total FSFI change favored laser therapy in the unadjusted between-group comparison (p = 0.034), and the exploratory baseline-adjusted difference was 2.72 points (95% CI, 0.19–5.25; p = 0.036). Domain-level analyses were exploratory and were not adjusted for multiplicity. Conclusions: In this active-comparator pilot study, total VSQ change was comparable between groups and the adjusted total FSFI estimate favored laser therapy. Without a sham or untreated control, within-group changes cannot establish intervention-specific efficacy; these comparative findings require confirmation in larger controlled trials. Full article

Introduction: Black men experience persistent disparities across the prostate cancer continuum, including inequities in access to survivorship support. This study examined the perceived value, acceptability, and experiences of accessing a multicomponent digital survivorship program among Black men with prostate cancer. Methods: This exploratory mixed-methods study was embedded within the ongoing international Phase 4 implementation trial of the Prostate Cancer Patient Empowerment Program (PC-PEP), a six-month digital intervention integrating exercise, pelvic floor muscle training, nutrition, stress management, psychosocial support, and peer connection. Fourteen self-identified Black participants contributed six-month program evaluation and qualitative data collected through open-ended responses and conference-based focus group discussions. Nine participants (64%) had undergone surgery with or without radiation and/or hormone therapy, four (29%) had received radiation with or without hormone therapy, and one (7%) was on active surveillance or had received no treatment. Quantitative data were summarized descriptively, and qualitative data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: PC-PEP was highly valued, with median ratings of 10 (IQR 8–10) for likelihood of recommending the program and 9 (IQR 8–10) for overall usefulness. Among participants with available item-level data, 11/13 (85%) reported lifestyle improvement and 12/13 (92%) endorsed offering PC-PEP as standard care. Qualitative findings identified the value of holistic survivorship support, peer connection, normalization of vulnerability, and support for physical and psychological self-management. Participants also described limited awareness of PC-PEP at diagnosis and reliance on individual clinicians or incidental opportunities to learn about the program. Participants emphasized the need for earlier referral, greater representation, and culturally relevant community outreach. Conclusions: Black men who accessed PC-PEP reported high perceived value and identified benefits across multiple dimensions of survivorship. Their experiences, however, highlighted an important distinction between program availability and meaningful access: participants’ experiences suggest that availability alone may not ensure timely connection to survivorship support. Earlier referral, culturally responsive outreach, and integration of survivorship support into routine prostate cancer care may help close this gap. Full article

Dental implant-supported rehabilitation is a key component of functional survivorship care for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) treated with radiotherapy (RT). Despite its importance, implant outcomes in this population are frequently interpreted through simplified paradigms such as irradiated versus non-irradiated status, prescribed tumor dose, pre-RT versus post-RT placement, and arbitrary post-RT waiting intervals. This narrative review proposes a radiobiology-informed, implant-bed-specific framework for assessing implant viability following HNC RT. The biologically relevant exposure is best defined as the localized radiation dose delivered to the implant bed, considered in conjunction with fractionation, equivalent dose in 2-Gy fractions, recipient substrate, soft-tissue condition, prosthetic loading, systemic host factors, and late toxicity risk. Distinctions among early osseointegration, implant survival, implant success, prosthetic rehabilitation, and patient-centered functional benefit are essential, as retained implants do not necessarily equate to durable or meaningful rehabilitation. Post-RT timing should be understood as a contextual variable rather than a universal chronological determinant, since longer intervals do not inherently indicate progressive biological recovery and may be confounded by survivor and clinician selection. Future research should prioritize implant-bed-specific dosimetry, continuous modeling of dose and timing, standardized outcome measures, cluster-adjusted statistical approaches, time-to-event analyses, and explicit reporting of osteoradionecrosis as a distinct implant-relevant late toxicity endpoint. Shifting from chronological waiting rules to implant-bed-specific risk stratification may enhance the safety, interpretability, and clinical relevance of dental implant rehabilitation following HNC RT. Full article

Purpose: Young adult cancer survivors aged 20–30 years are at increased risk for chronic health conditions, influenced by modifiable lifestyle behaviors. Many do not meet the American Cancer Society’s guidelines for physical activity and healthy eating. Guided by Social Cognitive Theory, this qualitative study explored the facilitators and barriers to healthy lifestyle behaviors among a racially and ethnically diverse sample of young adult cancer survivors aged 20–30 years to inform tailored interventions. Methods: Participants were recruited through the Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology Program at Moffitt Cancer Center in Florida, USA. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed using applied thematic analysis. Transcripts were coded in NVivo 12 Plus and organized into themes reflecting Social Cognitive Theory constructs and intervention preferences. Demographic information was collected via pre-interview surveys. Results: Participants (N = 30) were an average of 26 years (SD = 2.4). Most identified as non-Hispanic (60%), White (60%), unmarried (83%), women (83%), and with annual household income ≥$40,000 (67%). The most common diagnoses were thyroid cancer (20%), lymphoid (17%), and sarcoma (13%). Interviews lasted 30–88 min (M = 52). Five themes emerged: (1) competing demands and time constraints; (2) symptom burden and desire for credible, flexible support; (3) previous habits, self-efficacy, and community building; (4) dual role of social support; and (5) cancer as a catalyst for behavior change. Conclusions: Findings identified facilitators and barriers to physical activity and healthy eating, and intervention preferences among young adult cancer survivors, which can inform the timing, content, and modality of tailored interventions. Implications for Cancer Survivors: Findings can inform tailored, survivor-centered interventions for young adult cancer survivors. Full article

Advances in lung cancer treatment have progressively improved survival across all disease stages. Some patients now achieve long-term survival, while others may remain on treatment for several years, particularly with immune checkpoint inhibitors and selected tyrosine kinase inhibitors. These advances have increased recognition of the survivorship needs of patients with lung cancer, including persistent symptoms, treatment-related toxicities, and social, psychological, and caregiver-related concerns. The integration of palliative care has also become increasingly relevant, reflecting a shift in the traditional care paradigm by extending supportive approaches beyond the end-of-life setting to patients living long-term with active disease. However, evidence and care models addressing lung cancer survivorship remain fragmented and focus predominantly on patients treated with curative intent. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of survivorship in lung cancer, from screening and early-stage to locally advanced and metastatic disease, while also examining more cross-cutting physical, psychological and social domains. Greater recognition and systematic assessment of these needs is essential to develop structured, coordinated, and personalized survivorship pathways for the growing and clinically heterogeneous population of individuals living with and beyond lung cancer. Full article

Background: Prostate cancer substantially affects patients’ quality of life (QoL). However, whether distinct QoL profiles exist among patients remains unclear. Objective: This study aimed to identify latent QoL profiles among patients with prostate cancer and explore factors associated with profile membership. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 200 patients with prostate cancer recruited from a tertiary hospital in China between May and December 2024. QoL was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Prostate (FACT-P). Latent profile analysis was performed using Mplus 8.3, and the optimal model was selected according to information criteria, entropy, and likelihood ratio tests. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with profile membership. Results: LPA identified two distinct subgroups: low QoL (32.5%) and high QoL (67.5%). Medium and heavy economic burden significantly increased odds of low QoL (OR = 4.13, 95% CI: 1.13–15.02, p = 0.032; OR = 11.12, 95% CI:1.55–79.86, p = 0.017). Urinary continence markedly reduced odds of low QoL (OR = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.02–0.25, p < 0.001). Longer diagnosis-to-treatment intervals were associated with membership in the low-QoL profile (1–3 months: OR = 2.99, 95% CI: 1.26–7.08, p = 0.013; >3 months: OR = 3.36, 95% CI: 1.02–11.07, p = 0.046). Conclusions: This study identified two QoL profiles among patients with prostate cancer. The findings suggest that person-centered QoL assessment may facilitate early identification of patients with greater supportive care needs and contribute to more individualized survivorship care. Full article

Background: Nutritional deterioration is a common consequence of gastrectomy for gastric cancer and may persist despite standardized perioperative care. However, prospective longitudinal evidence describing the early course of postoperative nutritional recovery remains limited. This study aimed to characterize nutritional recovery trajectories following curative gastrectomy and to evaluate the influence of the extent of gastric resection on postoperative recovery. Methods: A prospective cohort of 239 consecutive patients undergoing curative-intent subtotal or total gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma was followed between January 2022 and December 2025. The longitudinal complete-case analysis included 217 patients with available assessments at all three predefined time points: preoperatively (T0), at hospital discharge (T1), and three months after surgery (T3). Nutritional–immune biomarker trajectories were assessed preoperatively (T0), at hospital discharge (T1), and three months after surgery (T3) using serum albumin, total cholesterol, absolute lymphocyte count, and the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score. Longitudinal changes were evaluated using linear mixed-effects models with patient-specific random intercepts. Results: All evaluated nutritional–immune biomarkers changed significantly in an adverse direction after surgery, reaching their most unfavorable values at hospital discharge (all p < 0.001), followed by partial biochemical recovery at three months. Because albumin, lymphocyte count, and CONUT are influenced by the acute inflammatory and metabolic response to surgery, the discharge changes should not be interpreted as direct evidence of acute malnutrition. Nevertheless, none of the evaluated biomarkers returned to its preoperative value. Recovery between discharge and three months represented 65.6% of the initial decline for serum albumin, 50.5% for absolute lymphocyte count, 51.7% for total cholesterol, and 60.9% for the CONUT score. After adjustment for age, sex, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, baseline body mass index, ASA status, pathological T3–T4 stage, and major postoperative morbidity, total gastrectomy was associated with a greater early decline in absolute lymphocyte count at hospital discharge (β = −165.7 cells/mm³; 95% CI, −204.9 to −126.6; p < 0.001). This difference was no longer present at three months (p = 0.955). No significant time-by-gastrectomy interactions were observed for albumin, cholesterol, or corrected CONUT. Conclusions: Nutritional recovery following gastrectomy is a dynamic and prolonged process characterized by marked early nutritional–inflammatory biomarker changes and incomplete biochemical restoration at three months. Resection extent was not independently associated with persistently less favorable albumin, cholesterol, or corrected CONUT trajectories. The findings describe early biochemical changes and should not be extrapolated to body composition, functional recovery, micronutrient status, quality of life, or long-term survivorship. These findings apply primarily to patients who survived and completed the three-month follow-up. Full article

Background: Retained totally implantable venous access ports (TIVAPs) pose a clinical management challenge after completion of intravenous anticancer therapy, particularly when future treatment needs remain uncertain. We aimed to characterize longitudinal post-treatment TIVAP trajectories after a day-90 conditional landmark, with elective removal prespecified as the primary first event. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients who were alive and event-free, retained the original TIVAP, had no documented TIVAP-related indication requiring removal, and had documented clinical and TIVAP status at day 90. Elective removal was the primary event; TIVAP reactivation, complication-related removal, and network-documented death were competing events. Results: Among 1406 patients, the 12-month cumulative incidence was 34.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 31.4–37.1) for elective removal, 10.1% (95% CI, 8.2–11.9) for reactivation, 4.1% (95% CI, 3.0–5.3) for complication-related removal, and 1.0% (95% CI, 0.5–1.6) for network-documented death. During 1164.9 patient-years, 9978 maintenance-related patient-date encounters were recorded. In the assessed subcohort (n = 1319), 69.2% of assessments indicated willingness to choose a TIVAP again for similar future treatment, 64.4% indicated willingness to recommend TIVAP use, and 26.0% recorded a preference for earlier removal. Conclusions: Retained TIVAPs followed heterogeneous post-treatment courses, including elective removal, subsequent reuse, and continued retention requiring maintenance. These findings describe observed management patterns; they do not establish the comparative effectiveness of retention versus removal or identify an optimal removal time, and they support a prospective evaluation of structured reassessment pathways. Full article

Breast cancer [BC] is the most diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. Thanks to advancements in early detection, systemic therapies, and supportive care, survival rates have significantly improved. As more patients survive BC, cardiovascular disease [CVD] has emerged as a leading cause of long-term morbidity and mortality in this population. This is largely due to a combination of shared risk factors, such as obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome, combined to cardiotoxic effects of certain anticancer therapies, particularly anthracyclines, HER2-targeted therapies and radiotherapy. This review explores the cardiovascular [CV] implications of modern breast cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, targeted agents, radiotherapy, and emerging modalities such as immunotherapy. It also highlights the impact of patient-specific factors—such as diabetes, lipid profile, and treatment duration—on CVD risk. Current data suggest that breast cancer survivors are at increased risk of CVD compared to the general population, and that risk persists for years after treatment completion. CVD risk profile of each patient is different because of patient age, previous risk factors, and type of oncological treatment, and must be carefully delineated and keep well in mind during and after cancer treatment. Full article

Background/Objectives: Obesity is a well-established risk factor for several cancers, yet few studies have explored survivorship outcomes among obesity-related cancer (ORC) survivors—a growing public health concern. Beyond cancer risk, obesity is associated with poorer health-related quality of life (HRQoL), greater comorbidity burden, and adverse lifestyle behaviors during survivorship. This study examined differences in these outcomes between ORC and non-ORC survivors living in Puerto Rico. Methods: We analyzed 569 cancer survivors aged ≥21 years actively undergoing treatment from the Impact of Social Determinants of Health on the Cancer Care Continuum in Cancer Survivors in Puerto Rico Study, with survey data collected between 2023 and 2025. ORC status was classified based on the presence of a primary ORC (n = 262); all others were classified as non-ORC (n = 307). Outcomes included: (1) HRQoL, assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General overall score and domains; (2) comorbidities; and (3) lifestyle behaviors (i.e., physical activity, alcohol use, and smoking status). Poisson regression models with robust standard errors estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all outcomes except smoking status and comorbidity burden, which were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression models to estimate adjusted relative risk ratios (aRRRs). Results: ORC survivors had a higher relative risk of former smoking (vs. never smoking) than non-ORC survivors (aRRR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.02–2.96). No other differences were observed between groups. Older ORC survivors reported better emotional (aPR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.41–0.85) and physical (aPR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.58–0.95) well-being than older non-ORC survivors. Among male participants, ORC survivors reported a lower prevalence of moderate/exceeded drinking than non-ORC survivors. Conclusions: Findings highlight a higher relative risk of former smoking (vs. never smoking) among ORC survivors compared with non-ORC survivors, with additional sex- and age-specific patterns in alcohol use and emotional/physical well-being. Full article

Background: Cardiovascular complications of cancer therapy may affect patients far beyond conventional measures of cardiac function, yet their relationship with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) remains incompletely defined. This review examined how cardiovascular status and cardiotoxicity-related interventions relate to HRQoL across cancer treatment and survivorship. Methods: Twenty-one studies were reviewed and reassessed according to four research questions: established cardiovascular disease or cardiac dysfunction and HRQoL; subclinical cardiovascular abnormalities and subsequent HRQoL; interventions targeting cardiotoxicity with HRQoL assessment; and supportive interventions improving HRQoL without demonstrated cardioprotection. Evidence was additionally considered across diagnostic, pharmacological/cardioprotective, exercise, and supportive-care domains. Results: The available evidence revealed a clinically relevant pattern. Established cardiovascular disease or cardiac dysfunction showed the clearest association with poorer HRQoL, particularly in physical domains, whereas evidence linking subclinical abnormalities to subsequent patient-reported deterioration was sparse. Most studies evaluated interventions, including cardioprotective pharmacological strategies and exercise-based approaches, but improvements in HRQoL were not consistently accompanied by, or attributable to, demonstrated cardioprotection. Exercise and supportive interventions were also associated with improvements in functional or patient-reported outcomes in some studies, independently of demonstrable cardiovascular benefit. Across domains, substantial heterogeneity in populations, cardiovascular measures, interventions, HRQoL instruments, and study designs limited direct comparison and causal interpretation. Conclusions: Cardiovascular health and HRQoL appear closely interconnected, but the available evidence does not establish a consistent link between cardiovascular injury and subsequent changes in HRQoL. The literature is richer in prevention and intervention studies than in longitudinal assessment of the patient-reported consequences of cardiovascular injury. Larger prospective studies incorporating standardized serial cardiovascular assessment and HRQoL as a predefined primary endpoint are needed to establish temporal relationships and clinically meaningful cardiovascular determinants of HRQoL. Full article