Search Results (591)

This study aimed to develop the Five Cognitive Biases in Risk-Taking Scale (5 CBR-S) to measure five cognitive biases associated with risk-taking: overconfidence, illusion of control, belief in the law of small numbers, escalation of commitment, and optimism. Firefighters completed a series of five questionnaires: cognitive biases related to risk-taking, emotional intelligence, self-regulation behaviors, personality traits, and mental toughness. Data were collected from two distinct samples, each consisting of 202 firefighters. A series of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses conducted on an initial version of the 5 CBR-S with 50 items provided structural evidence supporting a 5-factor, 19-item solution. Evidence of validity and reliability for the 5 CBR-S scores was provided by examining correlations with emotional intelligence, personality traits, and mental toughness. Overall, despite certain limitations, the 5 CBR-S constitutes a robust measure, offering the advantage of highlighting the five main cognitive biases related to risk-taking. It can be used both among firefighters and in other professional contexts involving high-intensity emergency decision-making. Full article

Background/Objectives: Diabetes mellitus presents significant management challenges, requiring comprehensive glycemic control, patient education, self-management, and routine monitoring. The study aims to evaluate existing tools and develop a customized questionnaire to investigate the multifaceted impact of diabetes mellitus on patients’ lives through a novel questionnaire. Methods: Utilizing Survey Monkey, we efficiently collected data from 150 diabetic patients during annual evaluations over five months (March 2024–July 2024). The sample included 88 men (58.67%) and 62 women (41.33%), with a notable representation of participants having a family history of diabetes (63.42%) and varying levels of education (20% with higher education). Statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS (Version 20.0), and structural equation modeling (SEM) through Amos, including exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate the instrument and assess its psychometric properties. Results: The questionnaire targets four critical domains: the role of physical activity in diabetes management, the effects of diabetes on social relationships, the emotional status of diabetic patients, and the influence of diet on metabolic control. Conclusions: The findings provide valuable insights into patient attitudes toward diabetes management, emphasizing the importance of physical activity, social dynamics, emotional well-being, and dietary practices in improving health outcomes for individuals with diabetes. Full article

This study examines the quality of university teaching in Mathematics, focusing on the evolution of teaching performance from students’ perspectives. It highlights the importance of adhering to quality standards to enhance teaching, research, and administrative processes, guided by the Andalusian Knowledge Agency. Key factors analyzed include effectiveness, planning, classroom performance, tutorials, and the use of bibliographic materials, using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) with structural equations. The research involved 229 students from various programs, such as Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Primary Education, Early Childhood Education, and a Master’s Degree in Secondary Education with a Mathematics specialization, within an Andalusian university center. The results confirmed the reliability and validity of the questionnaire and demonstrated the effectiveness of structural equation methodologies. The findings underscore the importance of integrating effective knowledge transmission, teacher-led motivation, careful planning, individual attention, and complementary materials to improve Mathematics teaching. It concludes that quality teaching depends on a holistic approach that balances pedagogical strategies with student-centered practices. Full article

Background: Workplace violence refers to acts that occur inside or outside the workplace, ranging from verbal harassment, bullying, threats and physical assaults against workers to homicide. Workplace violence in health care settings is an incident involving verbal, physical or sexual assault against healthcare workers by patients, their relatives or others that poses a threat to healthcare workers. Violence in healthcare settings is a significant public health problem, not only for the victims of violence, but also for society because of its direct and indirect, short and long-term effects. Objectives: The aim of this study is to adapt the Workplace Violence Scale in Healthcare to Turkish, to conduct validity and reliability studies, and to determine its psychometric properties in order to overcome the problems faced by health policy makers in assessing workplace violence and to ensure that they implement appropriate interventions. Methods: In the research in which 191 healthcare workers were included in the pilot study and 627 healthcare workers in the main sample, data were collected using the Sociodemographic Data Form and the Workplace Violence Scale in Healthcare. SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 25.0 programs were used to analyse the data. In the scale validity and reliability study stage, Explanatory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis methods were used after the language and content validity analyses. Results: The Cronbach alpha coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.946, and it was observed that the CR values of the scale consisting of five subdimensions and 37 items were over 0.70 and the AVE values were over 0.50. At the same time, in order to reveal the stability of the scale over time, the test-retest method was applied, and it was seen that the correlation coefficients obtained were 0.97 for the whole scale and between 0.80 and 0.94 for its subdimensions, indicating an excellent level of reliability. Conclusions: As a result of this study, it was accepted that the Workplace Violence Scale in Healthcare, developed with five subdimensions (frequency of workplace violence, impact of workplace violence on the individual, reasons for not reporting workplace violence legally, risk factors increasing workplace violence and workplace violence prevention strategies) and 37 items, can be used as a comprehensive and standard measurement tool that evaluates to measure workplace violence in healthcare settings. With this scale, future studies will be able to determine the type of violence (physical/verbal) that patients and their relatives use against healthcare professionals, how often healthcare professionals are exposed to violence, and how they, their families and social circles are affected physically and psychologically by the violence they experience (psychologically and socially). In addition, the results from the sections of the scale that ask about the risk factors for violence, the reasons why violence is not legally reported, and the practices used to prevent violence can guide health and legal policy makers. Full article

Purpose: Child-to-parent violence (CPV) is a major concern for adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The Child-to-Parent Violence Questionnaire (CPV-Q) is a valid instrument for assessing a wide variety of CPV behaviors and the reasons; however, the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of CPV-Q (C-CPV-Q) in adolescents with ADHD have not been examined yet. This study examined the psychometric properties of both child and parent versions of C-CPV-Q in adolescents with ADHD. Participants and Methods: In total, 247 adolescents with ADHD and their parents participated in the study. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were conducted to examine the factor structure for CPV types and reasons. Internal consistency, cross-validation, and concurrent validity of the parent and child versions of C-CPV-Q were also evaluated. Results: The results of CFA found that both child and parent versions of the C-CPV-Q contained four domains of CPV types and two domains of CPV reasons in adolescents with ADHD. The correlations between parent and child reports of the C-CPV-Q assessing the same factors were stronger than those assessing different factors. Concurrent validity of the C-CPV-Q was supported by their positive correlations with internalizing, externalizing, attention deficit/hyperactivity, oppositional defiant, and conduct problems. Except for the financial aggression factor, the entire C-CPV-Q had acceptable internal consistency. Conclusions: The results indicate that the child and parent versions of the C-CPV-Q are valid instruments for assessing a wide variety of CPV behaviors and the reasons among adolescents with ADHD. Full article

The increasing presence of digital media has amplified the need to study media multitasking (both multiple media activities simultaneously and using media while doing non-media activities). Media Multitasking Scale (MMS) has been used to assess this phenomenon, but it is yet to be validated for a Portuguese population. This study analysed the validity of a Portuguese Version of the MMS (n = 171 Portuguese adolescents) based on inter-item correlations and confirmatory factor analysis. The results suggest changes in the original version to reflect more recent digital media tendencies for a better fit to the Portuguese adolescents’ sample. Additionally, results showed that Multitasking with Media and Non-Media and Concentration Without Multitasking were partially predictors of mental health problems (predictive validity), highlighting the scale’s utility in assessing media multitasking behaviours and their impact on psychological well-being. Full article

Background/Objectives: Patients with hematologic malignancies undergo prolonged, intensive treatments involving frequent hospitalizations and experience debilitating side effects. Consequently, they are at increased risk of developing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, which can undermine their quality of life. However, there is a scarcity of instruments validated for the simultaneous assessment of depression, anxiety, and stress within hematologic cancer populations. The aim of this study is to examine the construct validity, convergent and discriminant validity, and reliability of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-42 and DASS-21) among hematologic cancer patients. Methods: We collected data from 452 hematologic cancer patients across three studies. Results: Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the theoretical correlated three-factor model and bifactor model for DASS-42 and DASS-21 responses were sufficient to explain the underlying factor structure of the scales in hematologic cancer patients. However, the bifactor model for DASS-42 and DASS-21 fit better with the data compared to the theoretical correlated three-factor model. In addition, we found the correlated three-factor model and the bifactor structure to exhibit scalar measurement invariance across gender for DASS-42 and DASS-21. DASS-42 and DASS-21 subscales demonstrated weak to strong negative correlations with measures of psychological well-being (happiness, well-being, life satisfaction) and strong positive correlations with measures of similar constructs (depression, anxiety, and stress), thereby supporting their convergent and discriminant validity with theoretically and empirically expected correlations with external criteria. The reliability analyses demonstrated that both DASS-42 and DASS-21 subscales exhibited strong internal consistency and test–retest reliability when assessing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among patients with hematologic malignancies. Moreover, the item-scale convergent and discriminant validity analyses demonstrated that items exhibited higher corrected item–total correlations with their intended subscales than with other subscales across the DASS-42 and DASS-21, providing evidence for the distinct measurement properties of each subscale. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the DASS-42 and DASS-21 are psychometrically robust instruments for use in Turkish hematologic cancer patients. Full article

The military’s high-pressure environment can lead to burnout syndrome, characterized by emotional fatigue, depersonalization, and decreased personal accomplishment. Validating a culturally appropriate tool for assessing burnout among military personnel is crucial for early detection and intervention. This study assessed the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and its validity among Tunisian military personnel. A validation study was conducted among 520 Tunisian military personnel (mean age = 36 ± 9.3 years; male (n = 486) and female (n = 34)), including commandos, pilots, and divers. The Arabic version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory MBI-HSS was administered, including participants’ sociodemographic characteristics. The exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analyses were performed to identify the factor structure, with assessments of the internal consistency of the model. The factor analysis confirmed the three-factor model of burnout: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment consistent with the original MBI. The A-MBI-MP demonstrated strong internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha values exceeding 0.8 for all subscales. The test–retest reliability was also excellent, confirming the stability of the instrument. The CFA validated the three-factor structure of the A-MBI-MP. The fit indices demonstrated an acceptable model fit: Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.949, Tucker–Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.943, and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.0742 (95% CI: 0.068–0.0797). These results validate the reliability of the A-MBI-MP in assessing burnout in the military context. The Arabic version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (A-MBI-MP) is a valid and reliable tool for assessing burnout among Tunisian military personnel. The validated instrument can be used to offer early treatments and to promote the mental health of military personnel in high-stress situations. Full article

Background/Objectives: Eating disorders (EDs) are rising among adolescents. BMI, diet, and physical activity influence ED risk, but their interactions are complex and vary by population. Considering sociocultural changes, this study investigated the prevalence and risk factors for EDs in Romanian adolescents. We evaluated demographic factors, BMI, dietary behaviors, physical activity (PA), and previous specialist consultations using the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) and assessed the psychometric properties of the EAT-26 in this population. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 423 youths aged 13 to 20 from Cluj-Napoca. Participants completed an online survey on demographics, BMI, diet, physical activity, and previous health consultations. ED risk was assessed using the EAT-26. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses were conducted on the EAT-26, and binary logistic regression identified predictors of ED risk. Results: The prevalence of ED risk was 26.5%, with females having 1.61 times higher odds than males. Consulting a weight or mental health specialist increased the odds of increased ED risk (OR = 3.76). Higher BMI showed a trend in the unadjusted model (OR = 1.06). An initial CFA of the EAT-26 showed a suboptimal fit. Over 60% of the sample reported frequent consumption of ultra-processed foods. Conclusions: Our findings highlight a significant ED risk in Romanian youth, filling a critical gap in regional public health evidence. Despite limitations due to the cross-sectional design and self-reported data, the results stress the need for measures promoting balanced diets, positive body image, and improved mental health access to reduce the growing prevalence of adolescent ED risk in Romania. Full article

Background: Accelerated by the advent of AI-powered writing assistants, writing, as a crucial aspect of higher education assessment and practice, has undergone rapid digitisation in recent decades. However, there is a paucity of empirical research on its use in the everyday practice of students and staff. This study explores the use of Wordtune, an AWCF tool, to determine its benefits and limits from a user perspective. Methods: The research was conducted through a large-scale survey of Wordtune users. Descriptive statistics were generated, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed, and open-ended questions were analysed using content analysis. Results: Wordtune users are typically confident English speakers and use it alongside other tools such as Grammarly and Google translate. Wordtune is perceived by users as offering low-order benefits in terms of rephrasing and writing more grammatically but also as having high-order benefits such as overcoming mental blocks and creating opportunities for language learning. Users acknowledged very few drawbacks to using Wordtune. Conclusions: Our paper concludes with pedagogic suggestions for educators to support the use of AI writing assistants for student language learning. Full article

The importance of leisure in post-COVID-19 society has been underscored by the pandemic, illustrating the need to view leisure not merely as an option but as an essential component of a fulfilling life. This study investigates whether leisure attitudes, considered a novel perspective or belief regarding leisure, along with leisure activities, recreational specialization (the process of becoming proficient in particular leisure activities), and satisfaction derived from these experiences, prompt continued participation. The study surveyed 259 adults, both men and women, residing in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Chungcheong Province who had engaged in leisure activities for over a year. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 21 program for frequency, reliability, and correlation analyses, while confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were performed with the AMOS 18.0 program. The research yielded the following findings: Firstly, the leisure attitudes of participants significantly influenced their leisure satisfaction. Secondly, their leisure attitudes did not influence recreational specialization. Thirdly, their attitudes did not affect their intention to re-participate. Fourthly, recreational specialization significantly affected both leisure satisfaction and intention to re-participate. Lastly, leisure satisfaction significantly influenced the intention to re-participate. With the evolving perceptions of leisure post-pandemic, there is a need for policies and infrastructure that support the sustainable engagement of leisure activity participants. Full article

Background: Returning to and sustaining employment after cancer presents significant challenges for individuals touched by cancer (ITBC). While vocational rehabilitation and workplace accommodations are critical, existing return to work (RTW) assessments lack cancer-specific considerations, limiting their clinical and occupational utility. Purpose: This study aimed to develop and validate the Cancer and Work Scale (CAWSE), a psychometrically robust tool designed to assess RTW likelihood and employment sustainability among ITBC, while also providing avenues for targeted interventions. Methods: A two-phase cross-sectional study was conducted. Study I (n = 130) assessed content validity and construct development, leading to a refined 43-item CAWSE. Study II (n = 216) employed exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to establish structural validity, reliability, and responsiveness. Additional validation included correlations with fatigue, cognitive difficulties, depression, and anxiety. Results: Factor analysis supported a seven-factor structure with 31 final items. The CAWSE demonstrated good internal consistency (α = 0.787), construct validity, and moderate responsiveness (AUC = 0.659). High sensitivity allowed for accurate identification of RTW difficulties, with an established cut-off score of 123.5 on the total CAWSE. Implications: The CAWSE fills a critical gap in oncology-specific vocational rehabilitation, offering healthcare providers a validated tool for targeted interventions to enhance RTW outcomes and long-term employment sustainability for ITBC. Full article

This study analyzes the relationship between financial education, financial attitude, financial advice, financial knowledge, and behavior and its influence on financial capabilities, as well as their impact on financial well-being. The population consists of individuals over 18 years of age, who are primarily higher education students. A non-probabilistic self-selection sampling method was used, and data were collected through an electronic form on Google Forms. The design is quantitative, non-experimental, and cross-sectional. The instrument includes sections on sociodemographic profiles, financial education, financial attitudes, financial advice, financial knowledge and behavior, financial capabilities, and financial well-being using a 1 to 5 Likert scale. To ensure validity and reliability, statistical indices such as Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega were applied. Data normality was assessed, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings from the results of this study largely align with the existing literature regarding the relationship between financial knowledge and financial capabilities, as well as between financial capabilities and financial well-being. However, a discrepancy is observed in the hypotheses related to financial education, financial attitudes, and financial counseling, suggesting that although these factors are important, their influence may depend on other contextual elements or mediators not considered in this study. This opens the possibility for further investigation into how these factors interact in the development of financial capabilities. Full article

Subjective suffering due to oral diseases and disorders has been conceptualized as oral health-related quality of life and is often assessed with a multidimensional version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP). In the current study, a secondary analysis of a Dutch-language translated version of the original OHIP-14 was performed in different samples of approximately 1000 participants from diverse contexts (i.e., The Netherlands, the Caribbean, and Nepal). The dimensional structure and reliability of the scales resulting from these analyses were also examined. Based on a number of Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFAs) and Simultaneous Components Analysis (SCA) of the OHIP-14 scale, testing various models with different numbers of factors, several models were acceptable, but a two-factor solution, comprising psychological discomfort and physical discomfort was the most satisfactory in all three samples, although a one-factor solution, oral discomfort was also acceptable. Instead of using a large number of dimensions with a few items each, as often is done, it is most adequate and feasible to use no more than two scales, i.e., psychological discomfort and physical discomfort, comprising 11 items in total. These subscales of six and, respectively, five items are not only statistically, but also theoretically, the most adequate. Additionally, all items together, i.e., oral discomfort as a one-dimensional scale, are useful and easy to apply for practical use. Full article

Background/Objectives: Universities, particularly in nursing education, have evolved to incorporate University Social Responsibility (USR) into their curricula, emphasizing ethical, social, and sustainable competencies, which align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to enhance healthcare and education. The study examines socially responsible behaviors, ethical competencies, and sustainability values among nursing students in private universities in Santiago, Chile, and their relation to sociodemographic variables. Methods: The study measures social responsibility in nursing students at private universities, accredited and co-financed by the State in Santiago, Chile, using the ICOSORE-U questionnaire, with statistical analyses such as EFA and CFA to validate the scale and evaluate correlations with sociodemographic variables. Results: The study validated the ICOSORE-U-10 scale for social responsibility in Chilean nursing students through both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results revealed a two-factor structure and an acceptable internal reliability (α = 0.841), with no significant differences related to sociodemographic variables. The findings confirmed that socially responsible behaviors are positively correlated with the development of ethical competencies and sustainability among these students. Conclusions: the socially responsible behaviors of nursing students are mainly determined by their orientation towards University Social Responsibility (USR) and not by sociodemographic variables. This orientation favors the development of ethical and professional competencies, improving their ability to address social and ethical challenges in the health field. Integrating the principles of USR in university education is key to training professionals committed to social justice, equity and sustainability in health care. Full article