Search Results (5)

Background: Cephalometric studies indicate that craniofacial morphology in patients with cleft palate only (CPO) differs from other forms of orofacial clefts and healthy patients. Planning orthodontic treatment for patients with different craniofacial deformities requires knowledge on the craniofacial complex. The aim of the present study was to describe the cephalometric craniofacial morphology in adolescents with cleft palate only compared to generally healthy orthodontic patients. Methods: The study comprised 100 lateral cephalograms (taken in the years 2003–2020) of Polish patients with cleft palate only aged from 11.1 to 14.2 (mean age 12.43 y) and a matched control group of 100 children without orofacial clefts aged 12–14 (mean age 12.25). All digital images were analyzed in specialized cephalometric software. Results: Statistically significantly lower values of both SNA (p < 0.001) and ANB (p < 0.001) were found in the study group versus the control group. Mandibular line to cranial base angle (ML-NSL) as well as maxillary base to cranial base (NL-NSL) were significantly higher in the CPO group. Both the maxilla and mandible were rotated distally in CPO. Moreover, the intermaxillary vertical angle (ML-NL) was reduced in CPO. Mandibular angle in CPO was significantly higher (p = 0.005), reflecting posterior mandibular rotation. Conclusions: In adolescents with CPO, maxillary deficiency is found, without a severe sagittal jaw discrepancy, with a slight compensatory lingual inclination of the lower incisors. Mandibular deficiency in CPO is concurrent with posterior rotation and an increased mandibular angle. Full article

The cranial vertical angle (CVA) and cranial rotation angle (CRA) are used in clinical settings because they can be measured on lateral photographs of the head and neck. We aimed to clarify the relationship between CVA and CRA photographic measurements and radiographic cervical spine alignment. Twenty-six healthy volunteers were recruited for this study. Lateral photographs and cervical spine radiographs were obtained in the sitting position. The CVA and CRA were measured using lateral photographs of the head and neck. The C2-7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), cervical lordosis (C2-7), and occipito-C2 lordosis (O-C2) were measured using radiographic imaging as a standard method of evaluating cervical spine alignment. Correlations between the CVA and CRA on photographs and cervical spine alignment on radiographs were analyzed. The CVA and SVA were significantly negatively correlated (ρ = −0.51; p < 0.05). Significant positive correlations were found between CVA and C2-7 (ρ = 0.59; p < 0.01) and between CRA and O-C2 (ρ = 0.65; p < 0.01). Evaluating the CVA and CRA on photographs may be useful for ascertaining head and neck alignment in the mid-lower and upper parts of the sagittal plane. Full article

The aim of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the sagittal and vertical growth of the maxillo–mandibular complex in untreated children using orthogonal lateral cephalograms compressed from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Two sets of scans, on 12 males (mean 8.75 years at T1, and 11.52 years at T2) and 18 females (mean 9.09 years at T1, and 10.80 years at T2), were analyzed using Dolphin 3D imaging. The displacements of the landmarks and rotations of both jaws relative to the cranial base were measured using the cranial base, and the maxillary and mandibular core lines. From T1 to T2, relative to the cranial base, the nasion, orbitale, A-point, and B-point moved anteriorly and inferiorly. The porion moved posteriorly and inferiorly. The ANB and mandibular plane angle decreased. All but one subject had forward rotation in reference to the cranial base. The maxillary and mandibular superimpositions showed no sagittal change on the A-point and B-point. The U6 and U1 erupted at 0.94 and 1.01 mm/year (males) and 0.82 and 0.95 mm/year (females), respectively. The L6 and L1 erupted at 0.66 and 0.88 mm/year (males), and at 0.41 mm/year for both the L6 and the L1 (females), respectively. Full article

Background: This study evaluated joint stability after surgical repair of cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL)-deficient stifle joints in cats using a novel absorbable polylactide bone anchor in an ex vivo model. Methods: Thirty-six hindlimbs from cats with intact (G_i group) and transected CrCLs were treated with fabellotibial suture alone (G_FW group), suture combined with an absorbable polylactide bone anchor (G_WD group), or suture combined with a nonabsorbable bone anchor (G_FT group), positioned in a limb press with predefined joint angles (stifle joint: 120 ± 5°; hock joint: 120 ± 5°) and loaded with 10%, 20%, and 30% of body mass (BM). Predefined points were measured on lateral radiographs and with a coordinate measurement machine. Distances on radiographs (mm) were measured and angles (°) were calculated to represent the craniocaudal movement and the internal rotation of the tibia. Results: There were no differences for craniocaudal movement between G_i and G_FW or G_FT, but for G_WD regarding angle measurement at 30% BM. For internal rotation, there was no significant difference between G_i and G_FW or G_WD, but for G_FT. Conclusion: The used absorbable polylactide bone-anchor was able to stabilize the stifle joint regarding internal rotation and craniocaudal movement as calculated from distance measurements. Full article

The forward head posture (FHP) of stroke patients has a negative impact on respiratory function. Cervical spine mobilization is a manual therapy technique that used to prevent and treat FHP and respiratory function. This pilot study investigated whether cervical spine mobilization can effectively improve outcomes following FHP and respiratory function of stroke patients. Twenty-four patients participated in our assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial. All the participants received neurodevelopmental treatments (gait training and trunk rehabilitation). The experimental group additionally received 15-min sessions of cervical spine mobilization three times per week for 4 weeks. The control group received cervical spine sham mobilization during the same period. For the cervical angles, the cranial vertebral angle (CVA) and cranial rotation angle (CRA) were measured. A respiratory function test was performed to measure the forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), and chest circumferences (upper and lower chest sizes). Except for MIP, there was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group. The CVA and CRA were significantly increased in the experimental group only. Cervical spine mobilization improved cervical angles and inspiratory function of the stroke patients in this study. However, a comparative study with a larger number of patients is needed to confirm this finding from our pilot study, which had a small sample size. Full article