Search Results (886)

Soft skills play a fundamental role in transversal competences in the field of training and employment, especially in university collectives with disabilities. Traditional methodologies are giving way to gamified and transmedia environments, which are more efficient in the educational process and more sustainable for institutions. This study compares two educational programmes, one based on MOOCs and the other in a gamified environment (Transwork), with the participation of 181 university graduates with some degree of disability and unemployed for more than five years. The gamified educational programme shows a significantly lower dropout rate and a higher employability rate (χ², p < 0.001), as well as an improvement in interpersonal skills such as teamwork and conflict management. This demonstrates that methodologies in gamified and transmedia environments promote social sustainability by enhancing autonomy and inclusion in vulnerable groups, as well as contributing to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, especially those related to quality education, reducing inequality, and decent work. This improvement in the labour market integration of people with disabilities represents not only an advance in equity, but also a long-term saving in care costs, by promoting their autonomy and active participation in the labour market. Thus, the sustainability of the social system is reinforced through inclusive educational policies based on gamified environments. Full article

Although there are still significant inequalities, women’s labor force participation has increased in many parts of the world. These disparities are linked to socio-economic, territorial, and institutional conditions, such as access to land, quality of infrastructure, and the availability of decent work in both urban and rural areas. To understand how these socio-economic and spatial factors interact with national economic and policy frameworks is essential for analyzing gender participation in work. In this study, we examine the structural, territorial, and socio-economic factors shaping female labor force participation in 49 countries between 2013 and 2022, covering Europe, Asia, Latin America, and Africa. We investigate the interaction between macroeconomic conditions, public investment in education, and spatial inequalities. In addition, we focus on how these factors work together within different institutional settings. The analysis also considers territorial aspects such as urban–rural differences, regional development issues, and land-related livelihoods. The data were collected from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators to build a balanced panel. We implemented a Bayesian hierarchical panel regression model to understand how economic, institutional, and spatial factors jointly influence women’s participation in the labor force across different national and regional contexts. For model specification, we used standardized predictors and country-level intercepts to allow the model to account for institutional differences. The results indicate that national income levels and female unemployment rates are the most important factors affecting participation. On the other hand, tertiary enrollment and public education spending have weaker or mixed effects. Notably, although more women now complete higher education, many, especially in non-OECD countries, still face barriers to entering formal employment. Furthermore, in many developing countries, women still encounter restricted access to formal and secure jobs, particularly in rural and less developed areas. These findings show that economic growth is not the only factor needed to achieve gender equality in the labor market. Sustainable progress requires plans that bring together labor reforms, better education, care services, and fair growth in all regions. It is also important to fix problems with land, close the gap between cities and villages, and address environmental challenges. By linking labor markets, education, and land-linked spatial constraints, the study informs SDGs 5 (Gender Equality), 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), and 10 (Reduced Inequalities). Full article

Due to its broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, norfloxacin (NOR) has been widely used over the past few decades. However, the residual NOR in aquatic ecosystems could pose risks to human health from bacteria with resistance genes that potentially cause serious infectious diseases. Herein, a series of bandgap-tunable Zn_xCd_1−xS (x = 0~1) solid solutions were hydrothermally synthesized and used for NOR photodegradation under visible light and natural sunlight. Benefitting from the suitable bandgap, band structure, and unique tetrapod shape nanostructure, the Zn_0.1Cd_0.9S solid solution exhibited the best photocatalytic activity, with high degradation efficiencies of 83.23% and 86.28% under visible light and natural sunlight, respectively, within 60 min, which is remarkable among reported Zn_xCd_1−xS-based photocatalysts and other materials. The in situ reactive-species trapping experiment revealed that holes (h⁺) were the primary species, and a possible photodegradation mechanism was thus suggested. Moreover, Zn_0.1Cd_0.9S also exhibited decent reusability and stability after five cycles of experiments. This work provides a comprehensive exploration of the application of bandgap-tunable Zn_xCd_1−xS solid solutions for NOR photodegradation under visible light and natural sunlight, demonstrating the promising application of as-synthesized Zn_0.1Cd_0.9S in the photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics. Full article

In the context of the rapid digitalization of higher education, proactive artificial intelligence (AI) agents embedded within multi-agent systems (MAS) offer new opportunities for personalized learning, improved quality of education, and alignment with sustainable development goals. This study aims to analyze how such AI solutions are perceived by students at Narxoz University (Kazakhstan) prior to their practical implementation. The research focuses on four key aspects: the level of student trust in AI agents, perceived educational value, concerns related to privacy and autonomy, and individual readiness to use MAS tools. The article also explores how these solutions align with the Sustainable Development Goals—specifically SDG 4 (“Quality Education”) and SDG 8 (“Decent Work and Economic Growth”)—through the development of digital competencies and more equitable access to education. Methodologically, the study combines a bibliometric literature analysis, a theoretical review of pedagogical and technological MAS concepts, and a quantitative survey (n = 150) of students. The results reveal a high level of student interest in AI agents and a general readiness to use them, although this is tempered by moderate trust and significant ethical concerns. The findings suggest that the successful integration of AI into educational environments requires a strategic approach from university leadership, including change management, trust-building, and staff development. Thus, MAS technologies are viewed not only as technical innovations but also as managerial advancements that contribute to the creation of a sustainable, human-centered digital pedagogy. Full article

The aim of the study was to evaluate the digital business transformation across EU countries and its relationship with key Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), and SDG 13 (Climate Action). The Digital Business Transformation Index, developed from eleven digital technology indicators related to e-business and e-commerce, is constructed using Principal Component Analysis to provide a comprehensive framework for assessing digitalization at the enterprise level. The results reveal substantial disparities among member states, with northern and western countries leading, while southern and eastern countries are lagging behind. Regression analyses show a strong positive relationship between digital business transformation and SDG 9 and a negative association with SDG 13. Cluster analysis identifies six groups of countries with varying levels of digital and sustainability performance and emphasizes the need for tailored policy responses. Evidence confirms a digital–green trade-off in many EU countries; however, strategic policy integration can mitigate this challenge. The findings underline the importance of targeted investments in R&D, digital infrastructure, and ICT training, particularly in underperforming regions. Tailored measures are essential to ensure that digital business transformation aligns with inclusive and sustainable development across the EU. Full article

This study examines the impact of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices on green innovation and financial performance among 174 publicly listed firms across ASEAN countries over the period from 2019 to 2023. Utilizing an unbalanced panel dataset of firms from key ASEAN economies, the analysis employs panel regression techniques. Green innovation performance is measured through innovation disclosures related to environmental technologies, while financial success is assessed via return on assets (ROA) and Tobin’s Q. The findings reveal that environmental and governance disclosure scores positively influence green innovation, whereas social scores exert a more immediate impact on financial performance. Moreover, green innovation is found to partially mediate the relationship between overall ESG practices and long-term market valuation. These results highlight the strategic role of ESG transparency in enhancing innovation-driven competitiveness, responsible business conduct, and sustainable employment across Southeast Asian markets. Implications are discussed for corporate managers, policymakers, and socially responsible investors. The study reinforces the case for ESG-aligned strategy as a pathway to both innovation, inclusive economic growth, and long-term competitiveness in ASEAN markets. Full article

Background: Aging is associated with reduced joint flexibility and balance, which increases the risk of falls, especially during stair descent where motor control is critical. Stretching has been shown to improve ankle range of motion and gait speed. This study investigated the effects of a 4-week training program combining stretching plus resistance training (RT) with elastic bands on functional capacity and ankle stability during stair descent in older women. Methods: Twenty-four active older women (mean age: 73.1 ± 0.97 years) were randomly assigned to static stretching (SS), dynamic stretching (DS) and control (CG) groups. All participants completed two weekly 60 min sessions consisting of progressive RT preceded by three different warm-ups. The SS and DS groups completed static or dynamic stretching, while the CG walked. Assessments included 30s-Chair Stand (30s-CS), Handgrip Strength (HGS), Time Up and Go (TUG), Chair Sit and Reach (CSR), Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE), and ankle kinematics during stair descent. Results: All groups improved 30s-CS and TUG (p < 0.05). Only the SS group improved CSR in both legs and the ankle dorsiflexion angle during stair descent at final foot contact (p = 0.002). RPE increased over time across all groups (p < 0.0001); however, the SS and DS groups reported lower exertion than the CG group in first–second weeks (p = 0.0001–0.003). Conclusions: SS prior to progressive RT improved flexibility and ankle kinematics during stair descent, thus reducing the perception of effort particularly during the initial training phase. These findings indicate the effectiveness of SS as a warm-up strategy for increasing ROM and potentially reducing the risk of falls in this population. Full article

Respirable crystalline silica is a well-established occupational hazard in construction work. Despite increased awareness, consistent exposure control remains a challenge, particularly in dynamic and resource-constrained environments. Respirable crystalline silica exposure in construction environments challenges the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being) and SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth). Respirable crystalline silica particles cause severe health complications, including silicosis, lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and autoimmune disorders, representing a significant barrier to achieving SDG 3.9’s target of reducing deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemical exposures by 2030. This systematic review evaluates two decades of advancements (2004–2024) in respirable crystalline silica identification, characterisation, and mitigation within construction, synthesising evidence from 143 studies to assess progress toward sustainable occupational health management. This review documents a paradigmatic shift from traditional exposure assessment toward sophisticated monitoring approaches incorporating real-time detection systems, virtual reality–Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations, and wearable sensor technologies. Engineering controls, including local exhaust ventilation, wet suppression methods, and modified tool designs, have achieved exposure reductions exceeding 90%, directly supporting SDG 8.8’s commitment to safe working environments for all workers, including migrants and those in precarious employment. However, substantial barriers persist, including prohibitive costs, inadequate infrastructure, and regional regulatory disparities that particularly disadvantage lower-resourced countries, contradicting the Sustainable Development Goals’ principles of leaving no one behind. The findings advocate holistic approaches integrating technological innovation with context-specific regulations, enhanced international cooperation, and culturally adapted worker education to achieve equitable occupational health protection supporting multiple Sustainable Development Goals’ objectives by 2030 and also highlighting potential areas for future research. Full article

The aim of this work was to assess the developments in the Greek collective bargaining system and the wage policy after the period of the Memoranda of Understanding with the lenders. Moreover, it discusses the critical role of collective bargaining (CB) in the Greek economy and society and its contributions to forging a new balance between capital and labor in the post-memoranda era. Finally, it provides a number of proposals that could improve the state of play in the field. Firstly, a comprehensive approach to the current debate on the key issues of collective bargaining was portrayed. Secondly, the main developments in the Greek case of collective bargaining and the wage policy were recorded. Thirdly, an effort to interpret the pertinent developments that could lead to the diffusion of a decent work status in the domestic labor market was made. Finally, this work examined whether the current situation of collective bargaining threatens Greek employees’ living and working conditions, which were regarded as being at stake during the memoranda period. Full article

Period poverty is a broad and complex issue that intersects with various areas, including health, education, infrastructure, and human rights, among others, affecting countless women and girls around the world. Despite remarkable technological, social, and economic advances this century, menstruation remains a taboo subject, which leads to widespread misinformation and stigma. Prejudice and a lack of access to knowledge and essential sanitation resources, such as clean water, hygiene products, and safe private spaces, heighten the vulnerability of those affected. Integrated and multisectoral approaches that involve legislature, health, education, and sanitation are necessary to face this public health issue effectively. These efforts involve developing and implementing comprehensive plans that unite government, society, and the private sector. Some examples of these actions include making information about menstruation and menstrual health available in schools, cutting taxes on feminine hygiene products, improving basic sanitation, building decent public restrooms, and providing free sanitary pads in schools and workplaces. These initiatives have the potential to promote menstrual health and dignity, ensuring that people who menstruate can manage their periods in healthy, safe, and supportive environments. This review aims to shed light on menstrual poverty in Brazil as a global issue and a human rights violation, especially when it comes to the rights to health, education, and dignity. It stresses that efforts to end this social stigma and align with the 2030 Agenda, which seeks to eliminate poverty and inequality worldwide, and provides a plan of action to tackle this stigma. Full article

Background: Youth with intellectual disabilities are often marginalised and discriminated against regarding skills development and work opportunities as society seems to place high value on an individual’s intellect. Unemployment levels for youth with intellectual disabilities are significantly higher than youth in the general population, yet youth with intellectual disabilities can become valuable employees. This paper explores the untapped potential for youth with disabilities to access skill development opportunities through participation in sports organisations and events that enable them to become economically active. Methodology: A critical ethnographic approach was adopted as the research design. The sample included six youth with intellectual disabilities, five parents, two vocational trainers, two sports coaches, and two golf managers. Data was gathered through participant observations, semi structured interviews, and reflective journaling. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. Findings: The theme “Hidden treasures in a disabling environment” emerged, highlighting the untapped potential of youth with intellectual disabilities to engage in livelihood activities through participation in sports events. One subtheme was “Invisible and well-hidden resources” reflecting remote training centres leading to missed work opportunities. Research findings highlighted that youth with intellectual disabilities possessed marketable skills, alongside the discovery of substantial unexplored livelihood opportunities in the workforce of sports events. Full article

Improving occupational health and safety (OHS) in the construction industry can contribute to the advancement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goals 3 (Good Health and Well-being) and 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth). Yet, workers’ risk-taking behaviors (RTBs) remain a persistent challenge. Drawing on Social Cognitive Theory and Social Information Processing Theory, this study develops and tests a social influence model to examine how foremen’s safety attitudes (SAs) shape workers’ RTBs. Drawing on survey data from 301 construction workers in China, structural equation modeling reveals that foremen’s SAs significantly and negatively predict workers’ RTBs. However, the three dimensions of SAs—cognitive, affective, and behavioral—exert their influence through different pathways. Risk perception (RP) plays a key mediating role, particularly for the cognitive and behavioral dimensions. Furthermore, interpersonal trust (IPT) functions as a significant moderator in some of these relationships. By identifying the micro-social pathways that link foremen’s attitudes to workers’ safety behaviors, this study offers a testable theoretical framework for implementing the Sustainable Development Goals (particularly Goals 3 and 8) at the frontline workplace level. The findings provide empirical support for organizations to move beyond rule-based management and instead build more resilient OHS governance systems by systematically cultivating the multidimensional attitudes of frontline leaders. Full article

Platinum has emerged as an optimal catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes owing to its high hydrogenation activity, selectivity, and stability. In this study, we report the fabrication of platinum nanoparticles stabilized on a composite support consisting of gum acacia polymer (GAP) and TiO₂. It was engineered for the targeted reduction of nitroarenes to arylamines via selective hydrogenation in methanol at ambient temperature. The non-toxic and biocompatible properties of GAP enable it to act as a reducing and stabilizing agent during synthesis. The synthesized nanocatalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Morphological and structural analyses revealed that the fabricated catalyst consisted of minuscule Pt nanoparticles integrated within the GAP framework, accompanied by the corresponding TiO₂ nanoparticles. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was employed to ascertain the Pt content. The mild reaction conditions, decent yields, trouble-free workup, and facile separation of the catalyst make this method a clean and practical alternative to nitroreduction. Selective hydrogenation yielded an average arylamine production of 97.6% over five consecutive cycles, demonstrating the stability of the nanocatalyst without detectable leaching. Full article

An analysis of Albanian Muslims in Italy provides a compelling case study of communities perceived as marginal. Studies of Muslims in Italy tend to focus on the majority and chronologically older groups within the country’s Islamic landscape, particularly those from Asia and Africa. In addition to providing a better understanding of Islam in Italy, a study of the identity and community-building issues of the Albanian community of origin offers many insights into that community’s complexity. Albanians in Italy have a very specific historical and religious heritage; so, analyzing their roots and community-building processes helps us to better understand the development of Islam on the margins of large national organizations and majority groups. This article presents the results of the first national study of Albanian Muslims in Italy. Online interviews and field observations were conducted in 2024 within the Union of Muslim Albanians in Italy (Unione degli Albanesi Musulmani in Italia—UAMI), using the ethnographic method. The Association has fewer members compared with national level organizations. It was founded in 2009 to address specific issues related to the management of Muslim Albanian religious identity. The Association has sought to address the fragmentation of religion and Albanian nationalism, a consequence of a long period of state atheism, and to counter the literalist and radical tendencies in the interpretation of religion that have emerged in Albania since the collapse of the communist regime. In addition to these challenges, the Association has also tackled issues related to the Islamic religion in its local and global dimensions. The analysis of these challenges and the ways to deal with them offers a new framework in the Italian Islamic panorama, despite its marginality. The results of this research point to the emergence of new forms of rooting and belonging characterized by spirituality over orthopraxis. These forms adopt a religious approach open to diversity and pluralism. Full article