6,585 Results Found

Maize is the third most vital global cereal, playing a key role in the world economy and plant genetics research. Despite its leadership in production, maize faces a severe threat from banded leaf and sheath blight, necessitating the urgent developme...

The increasing demand for sustainable agriculture has accelerated research into eco-friendly plant health management, particularly through natural substances rich in bioactive compounds. In this study, various substances, including essential oils, ex...

With the continuous development of the active distribution network (ADN), the problem of security and stability has become increasingly prominent. From the perspective of improving the defense capability of ADN, a new a multi-angle dynamic risk asses...

During evolution, plants have developed mechanisms to cope with and adapt to different types of stress, including microbial infection. Once the stress is sensed, signaling pathways are activated, leading to the induced expression of genes with differ...

The active aircraft defense problem is investigated for the stochastic scenario wherein a defending missile (or a defender) is employed to protect a target aircraft from an attacking missile whose pursuit guidance strategy is unknown. For the purpose...

Aimed at the poor performance of guidance algorithms designed based on a linearized model in active defense under large leading angle deviation, both-way and one-way cooperative sliding mode guidance algorithms based on the smooth nonsingular termina...

The terminal equipment interconnection and the network communication environment are complex in power cyber–physical systems (CPS), and the frequent interaction between the information and energy flows aggravates the risk of false data injectio...

In the early faults of transformer windings, there are obvious variation characteristics of the spatial leakage magnetic field. Taking the leakage magnetic field as the fault characteristic quantity can establish an active defense system for transfor...

In modern distribution networks (DNs), extreme weather events and cascading faults pose severe challenges to operational safety. However, existing defense mechanisms struggle with a core question: How to maintain high-fidelity situational awareness a...

Path hopping serves as an active defense mechanism in network security, yet it encounters challenges like a restricted path switching space, the recurrent use of similar paths and vital nodes, a singular triggering mechanism for path switching, and f...

Tea is particularly rich in polyphenols, including catechins and theaflavins, thearubigins, flavonols, and phenolic acids, which are believed to contribute to the health benefits of tea. The health-promoting effects of tea polyphenols are believed to...

In wireless sensors networks, nodes may be easily captured and act non-cooperatively, for example by not defending forwarding packets in response to their own limited resources. If most of these nodes are obtained by attackers, and an attack by an in...

Pathogenic bacteria can trigger active defense responses in higher plants, leading to hypersensitive programmed cell death (PCD) to against those bacteria. However, related research on seaweeds is very limited. Pseudoalteromonas piscicida X-8 (PpX-8)...

Nymphs of Stephanitis svensoni (Drake) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) have numerous glandular setae on their dorsal abdomens. Chemical analysis of the exudates from these setae revealed the presence of 11 compounds, including aliphatic aldehydes, aliphatic ke...

Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) is an important redox protein found in almost all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, which has a highly conserved active site sequence: Trp-Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys. To investigate whether the Trp31 residue is essential for the antioxidan...

Molecular responses mediated by sensor proteins are important for biological defense against electrophilic stresses, such as xenobiotic electrophile exposure. NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has an essential function as a master regulator of such cytop...

Adversarial attacks on large-scale vision–language foundation models, such as the contrastive language–image pretraining (CLIP) model, can significantly degrade performance across various tasks by generating adversarial examples that are...

Chitin is an excellent material for the synthesis of nanoparticles because it is an elicitor and can form nanostructured materials. The application of chitin nanoparticles (CNPs) in plants can activate early defense responses associated with chitin....

To understand the molecular regulation of host defense responses in the pathosystem between apple roots and a necrotrophic oomycete pathogen Pythium ultimum, a series of transcriptome analyses have revealed a multi-phase and multi-layer defense tacti...

Establishing robust cybersecurity for Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems poses significant challenges for system operators due to IoT resource constraints, trade-offs between security and performance, diversity of applications, and their security re...

The nematicidal potential of five filamentous fungi as biological control agents (BCAs) against the root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne javanica, infecting tomato was assessed in vitro and in pot experiments. The five promising native taxa, namely...

The induction of resistance in plants involves prior activation of physiological and biochemical systems in the face of external stimuli, promoting greater tolerance to biotic stresses. Faced with the growing challenge of emerging diseases in agricul...

Large volumes of fruit and vegetable production are lost during postharvest handling due to attacks by necrotrophic fungi. One of the promising alternatives proposed for the control of postharvest diseases is the induction of natural defense response...

Fruit losses and wastage are mainly due to postharvest diseases; their control is reduced with pesticides. The excessive use of synthetic fungicides has caused harmful effects on human health and the environment, so it is therefore necessary to reduc...

12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) is a primary precursor of jasmonates, able to trigger autonomous signaling cascades that activate and fine-tune plant defense responses, as well as growth and development. However, its mechanism of actions remains larg...

Autophagy engulfs cellular components in double-membrane-bound autophagosomes for clearance and recycling after fusion with lysosomes. Thus, autophagy is a key process for maintaining proteostasis and a powerful cell-intrinsic host defense mechanism,...

Harsh climates, i.e., drought, extreme temperatures, and toxic gases, pose issues to agriculture by altering plants’ growth and yield. Biotechnology with biochemical defense approaches is beneficial for generating new plants/varieties with extr...

The present study was carried out with the aim of (i) evaluating the effect of chitosan (CTS) on the growth of durum wheat under salinity and (ii) examining CTS-regulated mechanisms of salinity tolerance associated with the antioxidant defense system...

This study investigated how different spectral ranges of LED light affect the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant systems in Thymus mastichina L., focusing on two ecotypes with distinct chemotypes: linalool and eucalyptol. The ecotyp...

Lesion mimic mutants are an ideal model system for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of programmed cell death and defense responses in rice. In this study, we identified a lesion mimic mutant termed miner infection like 1-1 (mil1-1). The mil1-1 ex...

Pneumonia is the most common cause of sepsis, with Klebsiella pneumoniae frequently implicated as a causative pathogen. Platelets play a crucial role in host defense during sepsis, and their activation is essential for effective immune responses, whi...

Nutritional fatty acids are known to have an impact on membrane lipid composition of body cells, including cells of the immune system, thus providing a link between dietary fatty acid uptake, inflammation and immunity. In this study we reveal the sig...

Microglia respond to adverse stimuli in order to restore brain homeostasis and, upon activation, they release a number of inflammatory mediators. Chronic microglial overactivation is related to neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease. In this...

Narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) is a grain legume crop that is advantageous in animal nutrition due to its high protein content; however, livestock grazing on stubble may develop a lupinosis disease that is related to toxins produced b...

The tomato is an economically important crop worldwide, although fungal infections by Alternaria alternata are the main cause of large postharvest fruit losses. One alternative to chemical control is the induction of the defense mechanism of pla...

The pepper Bs2 resistance gene confers resistance to susceptible Solanaceae plants against pathogenic strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria carrying the avrBs2 avirulence gene. Previously, we generated Bs2-transgenic Citrus sinensis plant...

Background/Objectives: An increasing number of studies are exploring how stress influences the development of various psychiatric and physical disorders. Psychological coping strategies and defense mechanisms play a vital role in managing stress. How...

Intercropping with guava (Psidium guajava L.) can assist with the management of Asian citrus psyllid (ACP, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama), the insect vector of the huanglongbing pathogen, in citrus orchards. Sulfur volatiles have a repellent activity and...

Hypoxic stress is an important environmental challenge for aquatic organisms, which is detrimental to fish survival and growth. Specifically, the NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) has emerged as a pivotal regulator...

The current agriculture is facing various challenges to produce enough food to satisfy the need of the human population consumption without having a negative impact on the environment, human health and ecosystems. The exploitation of bioinoculants ha...

Increasing levels of oxidative-stress due to deterioration of the Nrf2 (NFE2-related factor)/ARE (antioxidant response element) pathway is found to be a primary cause of aging pathobiology. Metformin having anti-aging effects can delay/halt aging-rel...

Elaeis guineensis Jacq. has gained a reputation in the food industry as an incredible crop capable of supplying the world’s largest edible oil production. In Ecuador, an important oil palm-producing country, this crop is affected in a high perc...

Methylglyoxal (MG) acts as a reactive precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). This compound is often connected with pathologies such as diabetes, neurodegenerative processes and diseases of aging. 2-iodo-4′-methoxychalcone (CHA79),...

Plant defense peptides are able to control immune barriers and represent a potential novel resource for crop protection. One of the best-characterized plant peptides is tomato Systemin (Sys) an octadecapeptide synthesized as part of a larger precurso...

Aiming at the attack and defense game problem in the target-missile-defender three-body confrontation scenario, intelligent game strategies based on deep reinforcement learning are proposed, including an attack strategy applicable to attacking missil...

Though multilevel, in-depth information protection systems are employed to defend against unknown cyber threats, vulnerabilities in these systems are frequently exploited by cyberattacks. As a result, it becomes challenging to comprehensively counter...

Meloidogyne causes a devastating disease known as root-knot that affects tomatoes and other cash crops worldwide. Conversely, Paraburkholderia tropica has proven beneficial in mitigating the effects of various pathogens in plants. We aimed to unravel...

Plant defense polypeptides play a crucial role in providing plants with constitutive immunity against various biotic and abiotic stressors. In this study, we explored a complex of proteins from wheatgrass (Elytrigia elongata) spikelets to estimate th...

Chitin and chitosan are naturally-occurring compounds that have potential in agriculture with regard to controlling plant diseases. These molecules were shown to display toxicity and inhibit fungal growth and development. They were reported to be act...

Plant responses during the pathogen infection and the pathogen control reflect its strategies to protect its cells. This work represents the Alternaria cerealis MT808477 as a phytopathogen causing leaf spot disease in tomatoes. A. cerealis was identi...