Search Results (520)

Urban flood management is pivotal to the construction of resilient cities. However, investigation into the spatiotemporal evolution of urban flood resilience (UFR) and its influencing factors is insufficient. Aiming to address the challenge, this study establishes a multidimensional UFR indicator system grounded in the disaster resilience of place (DROP) model. Following the calculation of UFR through the entropy weighted technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (EW-TOPSIS) method, spatiotemporal evolution evaluation and factor detection are conducted. With panel data from the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration (YRDUA) over the period of 2012–2021, the results demonstrate overall UFR growth from a dominance of lowest-level and low-level cities to a more balanced distribution. Moreover, significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity is observed, with UFRs in cities adjacent to the Yangtze River higher than peripheral ones. Spatial clustering is significant until 2019, primarily manifested as High-High clusters along the Yangtze River and Low-Low clusters in northern Jiangsu and Anhui. Finally, factor detection identifies economic status, population size, environmental regulation, and drainage infrastructure as key influencing factors. These findings not only advance the understanding of UFR in urban agglomerations but also provide targeted recommendations for policymakers to enhance UFR. Full article

Satellite Precipitation Products (SPPs) play a crucial role in hydrological modeling, particularly in data-scarce and climate-sensitive basins such as the Magat River Basin (MRB), Philippines—one of Southeast Asia’s most typhoon-prone and infrastructure-critical watersheds. This study presents the first full-cycle evaluation of nine widely used multi-source precipitation products (2000–2024), integrating raw validation against rain gauge observations, bias correction using quantile mapping, and post-correction re-ranking through an Entropy Weight Method–TOPSIS multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). Before correction, SM2RAIN-ASCAT demonstrated the strongest statistical performance, while CHIRPS and ClimGridPh-RR exhibited robust detection skills and spatial consistency. Following bias correction, substantial improvements were observed across all products, with CHIRPS markedly reducing systematic errors and ClimGridPh-RR showing enhanced correlation and volume reliability. Biases were decreased significantly, highlighting the effectiveness of quantile mapping in improving both seasonal and annual precipitation estimates. Beyond conventional validation, this framework explicitly aligns SPP evaluation with four critical hydrological applications: flood detection, drought monitoring, sediment yield modeling, and water balance estimation. The analysis revealed that SM2RAIN-ASCAT is most suitable for monitoring seasonal drought and dry periods, CHIRPS excels in detecting high-intensity and erosive rainfall events, and ClimGridPh-RR offers the most consistent long-term volume-based estimates. By integrating validation, correction, and application-specific ranking, this study provides a replicable blueprint for operational SPP assessment in monsoon-dominated, data-limited basins. The findings underscore the importance of tailoring product selection to hydrological purposes, supporting improved flood early warning, drought preparedness, sediment management, and water resources governance under intensifying climatic extremes. Full article

Complex decision-making often involves numerous alternatives and diverse criteria, making it difficult to set clear priorities under resource constraints. This study proposes a two-layer hierarchical decision model that structures the process into sequential stages: the first layer narrows the alternatives according to strategic considerations, and the second layer re-evaluates the shortlisted options based on feasibility. This layered design clarifies the decision path and enhances interpretability compared to single-layer approaches. To demonstrate its practical value, the model is applied to an institutional research case in higher education, implemented with the entropy weight method (EWM) for weighting and TOPSIS for ranking. The results demonstrate that it supports transparent and resource-aware planning for performance improvement, while being scalable to multi-layer structure to accommodate diverse organizational needs and varying levels of complexity. Full article

After the original support system in the auxiliary transportation roadway of the northern wing of the Zhaoxian Mine failed, the extent of damage and deformation varied significantly across different sections of the drift. A single support method could not meet the engineering requirements. Therefore, this paper conducted research on the classification of roadway damage and zoning repair. The overall damage characteristics of the roadway are described by three indicators: roadway deformation, development of rock mass fractures, and water seepage conditions. These are further refined into nine secondary indicators. In summary, a rock mass damage combination weighting evaluation model based on the FAHP–entropy weight TOPSIS method is proposed. According to this model, the degree of damage to the roadway is divided into five grades. After analyzing the damage conditions and support requirements at each grade, corresponding zoning repair plans are formulated by adjusting the parameters of bolts, cables, channel steel beams, and grouting materials. At the same time, the reliability of partition repair is verified using FLAC3D 6.0 numerical simulation software. Field monitoring results demonstrated that this approach not only met the support requirements for the roadway but also improved the utilization rate of support materials. This provides valuable guidance for the design of support systems for roadways with similar heterogeneous damage. Full article

This study quantifies ship-type performance indicators by training intelligent agents to evaluate and score vessels. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is then applied to assess the internal consistency of the collected data, ensuring its authenticity and validity. Subsequently, the entropy weight method is employed to objectively determine the significance of each indicator in ship-type decision-making. Finally, COSCO (China COSCO Shipping Corporation Limited) Shipping’s capacity gap reflects the results of the methodology: the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) technique ranks all feasible ship-type combinations, presenting their relative merits through quantitative results. A standardized grading system is further proposed to evaluate these combinations systematically. Ultimately, the 10 most suitable solutions are identified—none achieving the theoretical maximum rating of Grade 10—demonstrating room for improvement in vessel performance. Full article

Against the background of increasingly scarce water resources and intensifying water use conflicts, achieving the scientific and optimized allocation of water resources has become crucial to ensuring regional sustainable development. Based on the traditional water resource optimization models that consider social, economic, and ecological objectives, this study introduces a spatial equilibrium level as a fourth optimization objective, constructing a multi-objective water resource allocation optimization model. The model simultaneously incorporates constraints on water supply, water demand, and decision variable non-negativity, as well as coupling coordination constraints among the water resources, socio-economic, and ecological subsystems within each water use unit. The NSGA-III algorithm is employed to obtain the Pareto front solution set for the four objectives, followed by a comprehensive ranking of the Pareto solutions using an entropy-weighted TOPSIS method. The solution exhibiting the best trade-off among the four objectives is selected as the decision basis for the water allocation scheme. Taking Jiuquan, Jiayuguan, and Zhangye cities in western Gansu Province as the study area, the results indicate that the optimal allocation scheme can guide the cities to shift from “water-deficit usage” toward “water-saving usage,” achieving a reasonable balance between meeting water demand and water conservation requirements. This promotes coordinated development among the water resource, socio-economic, and ecological subsystems within each city as well as among the cities themselves, thereby facilitating sustainable utilization of water resources and sustainable development of socio-economics and the ecological environment. The findings can serve as a reference for water resource allocation strategies in the study region. Full article

At present, although there are a variety of assessment systems to rate the financing ability of enterprises, these systems suffer from the problems of outdated indicators and subjective weighting methods. In this paper, the impact of ESG performance on financing ability is taken as an evaluation index and combined with 13 other indexes to construct a new TOPSIS assessment system. Cooperative game theory in the form of the entropy weight method and a BP neural network is used to avoid the subjectivity of weighting. After establishing the evaluation model, we selected cross-sectional data from 4590 listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges in 2023 to train the evaluation model and explore the impact of various indicators on financing capabilities. The results show the following: (1) Total revenue and total assets of main board companies are the main factors affecting financing ability. (2) Total revenue growth rate, total revenue, and R&D costs of Science and Technology Innovation Board Market (STAR Market) companies are the main factors affecting the financing ability. (3) Growth Enterprise Market (GEM) companies’ total revenue and R&D costs are the main factors affecting financing ability. This study uses data from 2023. In practical applications, it is recommended to use the latest data for evaluation and analysis, and to update the weights every six months. Full article

Ship waterway tunnels are a new and special type of navigation facility that has emerged in the construction of complex hubs in high mountain valleys and rivers, and they have demonstrated broad applications worldwide. Due to their characteristics of long length, a dim visual background, and enclosed space, waterway tunnels are prone to causing tension and cognitive fatigue in ship officers on watch, affecting their decision-making and control abilities. This study constructs the visual navigation environment of a typical waterway tunnel in China using a ship maneuvering simulator. By monitoring the physiological data of ship officers, such as through electroencephalograms (EEGs) and electrocardiograms (ECGs), the temporal and spatial patterns of their physiological and psychological characteristics are analyzed systematically. Based on this, a quantitative model of the cognitive load of a ship officer working in a waterway tunnel is constructed. At the same time, the navigation risk of waterway tunnels of different lengths is quantized based on the entropy weight TOPSIS method, and finally, high-risk sections in waterway tunnels are identified and visualized, providing theoretical support for the management of safety in waterway tunnels. Full article

In recent years, urban risk incidents have become more common. Enhancing infrastructure resilience is not only crucial for adapting to climate change and addressing natural disasters but also serves as a key cornerstone for sustaining urban sustainable development. The research objects for this study are 17 coastal cities in the Bohai Rim region of China. Based on the Complex Adaptive System (CAS) theory, from the multi-dimensional perspective of urban sustainable development, a resilience evaluation index system covering five subsystems, namely transportation, water supply and drainage, energy, environment, and communication, is constructed. Employing panel data from 2013 to 2022, this study develops the entropy weight–TOPSIS model to quantify resilience levels, and applies the obstacle degree model, geographical detector, and Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (GTWR) model to analyze influencing factors. The main research results are as follows: (1) The regional infrastructure resilience shows a slow upward trend, but the insufficient synergy among subsystems restricts urban sustainable development; (2) The primary barrier is the drainage and water supply system, and the environmental and communication systems’ notable spatial heterogeneity will result in uneven regional sustainable development; (3) The influence of driving factors such as economic level gradually weakens over time. Based on the above research results, the following paths for resilience improvement and urban sustainable development are proposed: Improve the regional coordination and long-term governance mechanism; Focus on key shortcomings and implement a resilience enhancement plan for water supply and drainage systems; Implement dynamic and precise policy adjustments to stimulate multiple drivers; Enhance smart empowerment and build a digital twin-based collaborative management platform. Full article

To address the limitations of traditional cadmium telluride (CdTe) photovoltaic (PV) windows in comprehensively considering overall building energy consumption, indoor lighting comfort, and outdoor visibility, this study proposes a three-domain division CdTe PV window design, which divides the window into three areas, each undertaking different functions. This study utilized the Energy Plus 9.3.0 software and Radiance 1.6.0 software for numerical simulation to explore the impact of different design parameters (such as coverage rate and arrangement mode of PV) of the three-domain division PV windows on building energy consumption and the proportion of indoor effective natural lighting (UDI_{300lx–2000lx}) in single-story office buildings in Yan’an. Additionally, this study employed the entropy weight–TOPSIS method to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of 84 schemes. The results indicate that both the coverage rate and the arrangement mode of PV significantly influence building energy-saving and indoor lighting environment. The energy-saving rate initially increases and then decreases with higher PV coverage, while UDI_{300lx–2000lx} generally exhibits an upward trend and slightly decreases later. The V3-V1 or H3-V1 arrangement mode demonstrates superior energy-saving performance, whereas the H3-V1 or V3-H1 arrangement mode provides better indoor lighting comfort. The evaluation weights for energy-saving rate and effective daylighting are 0.38 and 0.62, respectively. Based on the comprehensive evaluation, the optimal configuration is determined to be V1-90%-V2-10%-H3-90%, achieving an energy-saving rate of 11.1% and a UDI_{300lx–2000lx} value of 56.95%. Full article

Water resource carrying capacity is a key measure of sustainability, commonly employed to evaluate how well water resources can sustain economic and social growth. With China’s rapid economic growth and modernization, water resources in certain regions are now being used at or beyond their sustainable threshold. This study evaluates the present state of water resource carrying capacity in Taizhou City, located in southeastern China. Using relevant data from 2012 to 2022 on society, economy, water resources, and ecology, the weights of the evaluation indicators were determined using both the entropy weight method and principal component analysis. Subsequently, a comprehensive evaluation model for water resource carrying capacity was developed by applying the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution) method. The comprehensive proximity index for water resource carrying capacity in Taizhou City averaged 0.4864 between 2012 and 2022, indicating a moderate level overall but exhibiting a declining trend, suggesting an approaching threshold of utilization limits. The range was between 0.3461 and 0.7143. In 2017, the comprehensive proximity index was 0.3461 (low water resource carrying capacity level, with water resources already suffering damage and various subsystems developing uncoordinatedly). However, the comprehensive proximity index for water resource carrying capacity improved significantly from 2018 to 2022. A combination of rising industrial water demand and a decrease in both the absolute volume and proportional allocation of water for ecological purposes drove the overall decline in the progress rate in 2017. Taizhou City has formulated strict water resource management policies and measures, resulting in a decrease in indicators such as industrial water consumption, residential water consumption, and industrial wastewater discharge, as well as an increase in indicators such as ecological water consumption and ecological water utilization rate. As a result, the comprehensive water resource carrying capacity saw a notable rise during 2018–2019. The study results provide a reference for the rational use of water resources in Taizhou City and are of certain significance for promoting the coordinated economic and social development of Taizhou City. Full article

Enhancing urban ecological resilience (UER) is essential for achieving sustainable urban development, as it fosters balanced urbanization while ensuring long-term ecosystem stability. New-type urbanization (NU) plays a pivotal role in sustaining urban sustainable development; however, the mechanisms through which NU affects UER remain insufficiently understood. This study seeks to bridge this knowledge gap by analyzing panel data from 281 prefecture-level cities in China spanning the period from 2000 to 2022. Composite indices for NU and UER are constructed using the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method. The relationship between NU and UER is empirically examined through fixed-effects models, mediation analysis, and a spatial Durbin model. The findings reveal a general upward trend in both NU and UER over time, albeit with some fluctuations. NU significantly enhances UER through direct effects, indirect pathways, and spatial spillovers. The magnitude and nature of this impact vary across geographic regions and resource endowments. Resource-based cities, in particular, demonstrate a stronger capacity to optimize land resource allocation, improve land use structures, and reduce environmental pollution—thus contributing more effectively to UER enhancement. Furthermore, while NU has a positive effect on UER across all regions, the impact is more pronounced in central and western cities, where major national development strategies—such as the Western Development Strategy and the Rise of Central China Plan—are actively implemented. Among them, cities in the central region with higher levels of urbanization experience more substantial benefits from NU compared to those in the western region, where urbanization is progressing more gradually. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the spatial effects of NU on UER and offers valuable policy implications for enhancing ecological resilience through sustainable urbanization pathways. Full article

Water scarcity severely restricts the sustainable development of water-stressed regions like Hebei Province. A scientific assessment of water resource carrying capacity (WRCC) is essential. However, single-weighting methods often lead to biased results. To address this limitation, we propose a combined weighting model that integrates the Entropy Weight Method (EWM), Projection Pursuit (PP), and CRITIC. To support this model, we developed a multi-dimensional, long-term WRCC evaluation dataset covering 11 prefecture-level cities in Hebei Province over 24 years (2000–2023). This approach simultaneously considers data dispersion, inter-indicator conflict, and structural features. It ensures that a more balanced weighting scheme is obtained. The traditional TOPSIS model was further improved through Grey Relational Analysis (GRA), which enhanced the discriminatory power and stability of WRCC assessment. The findings were as follows: (1) From 2000 to 2023, the WRCC in Hebei Province showed a fluctuating upward trend and a “high-north, low-south” spatial gradient. (2) Obstacle analysis revealed a vicious cycle of “resource scarcity–structural conflict–ecological deficit”. This cycle is caused by excessive exploitation of groundwater and low efficiency of industrial water use. The combined weighting–GRA–TOPSIS model offers a reliable WRCC diagnostic tool. The results indicate the core barriers to water use in Hebei and provide targeted policy ideas for sustainable development. Full article

In urban underground construction, Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) tunneling faces complex geological uncertainties and dynamic operational risks. Traditional safety management approaches often struggle under such conditions. This paper proposes an integrated safety resilience assessment framework for EPB tunneling that combines an entropy-weighted TOPSIS method, the Analytic Network Process (ANP), and an extension cloud model to capture interdependencies and uncertainties. A hierarchical indicator system with four primary dimensions (stability, redundancy, efficiency, and fitness) is constructed. The entropy-TOPSIS algorithm provides objective initial weights and scenario ranking, while ANP models the feedback relationships among criteria. The extension cloud model quantifies fuzziness in expert judgments and converts qualitative assessments into probabilistic resilience ratings. The methodology is applied to a case study of the EPB shield tunnel section of Jinan Metro Line 6 (China). The section’s resilience is classified as a medium level, which agrees with expert evaluation. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach yields accurate and robust safety resilience evaluations, supporting data-driven decision-making. This framework offers a quantitative tool for resilience-based safety management of shield tunneling projects, providing guidance for shifting from traditional risk control toward a resilience-enhancement strategy. Full article

The digital economy is a key driver of industrial upgrading and regional growth. Focusing on Gansu Province—an under-represented, less-developed region in northwest China—this study constructs a multidimensional digital economy index (DEI) for 2009–2023 under a unified normalisation and weighting scheme. Two complementary MCDA approaches—entropy-weighted TOPSIS and SESP-SPOTIS—are implemented on the same 0–1 normalised indicators. Robustness is assessed using COMSAM sensitivity analysis and is benchmarked against a PCA reference. The empirical analysis then estimates log-elasticity models linking modern logistics production (MLP) and the DEI to the provincial GDP and sectoral value added, with inferences based on White heteroskedasticity–robust standard errors and bootstrap confidence intervals. Results show a steady rise in the DEI with a temporary dip in 2021 and recovery thereafter. MLP is positively and significantly associated with GDP and value added in the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors. The DEI is positively and significantly associated with GDP, the primary sector, and the tertiary sector, but its effect is not statistically significant for the secondary sector, indicating a manufacturing digitalisation gap relative to services. Cross-method agreement and narrow sensitivity bands support the stability of these findings. Policy implications include continued investment in digital infrastructure and accessibility, targeted acceleration of manufacturing digitalisation, and the development of a “digital agriculture–smart logistics–green development” pathway to foster high-quality, sustainable regional growth. Full article