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Keywords = excellent strain sensing properties

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19 pages, 3781 KiB  
Article
Endophytic Penicillium oxalicum AUMC 14898 from Opuntia ficus-indica: A Novel Source of Tannic Acid Inhibiting Virulence and Quorum Sensing of Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
by Hoda S. Nouh, Nessma A. El-Zawawy, Mohamed Halawa, Ebrahim M. Shalamesh, Sameh Samir Ali, Grażyna Korbecka-Glinka, Awad Y. Shala and Shimaa El-Sapagh
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(20), 11115; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252011115 - 16 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1303
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a harmful pathogen that causes a variety of acute and chronic infections through quorum sensing (QS) mechanisms. The increasing resistance of this bacterium to numerous antibiotics has created a demand for new medications that specifically target QS. Endophytes can be [...] Read more.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a harmful pathogen that causes a variety of acute and chronic infections through quorum sensing (QS) mechanisms. The increasing resistance of this bacterium to numerous antibiotics has created a demand for new medications that specifically target QS. Endophytes can be the source of compounds with antibacterial properties. This research is the first to examine tannic acid (TA) produced by endophytic fungus as a potential biotherapeutic agent. A novel endophytic fungal isolate identified as Penicillium oxalicum was derived from the cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.). The species identification for this isolate was confirmed through sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region. The metabolites from the culture of this isolate were extracted using ethyl acetate, then separated and characterized using chromatographic methods. This led to the acquisition of TA, a compound that shows strong anti-QS and excellent antibacterial effects against extensively drug-resistant P. aeruginosa strains. Furthermore, it was shown that treating P. aeruginosa with the obtained TA reduced the secretion of virulence factors controlled by QS in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that TA inhibited the QS characteristics of P. aeruginosa. Simultaneously, TA significantly inhibited the expression of genes associated with QS, including rhlR/I, lasR/I, and pqsR. In addition, in silico virtual molecular docking showed that TA could efficiently bind to QS receptor proteins. Our results showed that P. oxalicum could be a new source of TA for the treatment of infections caused by extensively drug-resistant P. aeruginosa. Full article
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14 pages, 4480 KiB  
Article
Nacre-like Anisotropic Multifunctional Aramid Nanofiber Composites for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding, Thermal Management, and Strain Sensing
by Jin Dong, Jing Lin, Hebai Zhang, Jun Wang, Ye Li, Kelin Pan, Haichen Zhang and Dechao Hu
Molecules 2024, 29(17), 4000; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29174000 - 23 Aug 2024
Viewed by 891
Abstract
Developing multifunctional flexible composites with high-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, thermal management, and sensing capacity is urgently required but challenging for next-generation smart electronic devices. Herein, novel nacre-like aramid nanofibers (ANFs)-based composite films with an anisotropic layered microstructure were prepared via vacuum-assisted filtration [...] Read more.
Developing multifunctional flexible composites with high-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, thermal management, and sensing capacity is urgently required but challenging for next-generation smart electronic devices. Herein, novel nacre-like aramid nanofibers (ANFs)-based composite films with an anisotropic layered microstructure were prepared via vacuum-assisted filtration and hot-pressing. The formed 3D conductive skeleton enabled fast electron and phonon transport pathways in the composite films. As a result, the composite films showed a high electrical conductivity of 71.53 S/cm and an outstanding thermal conductivity of 6.4 W/m·K when the mass ratio of ANFs to MXene/AgNWs was 10:8. The excellent electrical properties and multi-layered structure endowed the composite films with superior EMI shielding performance and remarkable Joule heating performance, with a surface temperature of 78.3 °C at a voltage of 2.5 V. Additionally, it was found that the composite films also exhibited excellent mechanical properties and outstanding flame resistance. Moreover, the composite films could be further designed as strain sensors, which show great promise in monitoring real-time signals for human motion. These satisfactory results may open up a new opportunity for EMI shielding, thermal management, and sensing applications in wearable electronic devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Functional Composite Materials)
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25 pages, 13480 KiB  
Review
Conductive Polymer-Based Hydrogels for Wearable Electrochemical Biosensors
by Dinakaran Thirumalai, Madhappan Santhamoorthy, Seong-Cheol Kim and Hyo-Ryoung Lim
Gels 2024, 10(7), 459; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10070459 - 12 Jul 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2185
Abstract
Hydrogels are gaining popularity for use in wearable electronics owing to their inherent biomimetic characteristics, flexible physicochemical properties, and excellent biocompatibility. Among various hydrogels, conductive polymer-based hydrogels (CP HGs) have emerged as excellent candidates for future wearable sensor designs. These hydrogels can attain [...] Read more.
Hydrogels are gaining popularity for use in wearable electronics owing to their inherent biomimetic characteristics, flexible physicochemical properties, and excellent biocompatibility. Among various hydrogels, conductive polymer-based hydrogels (CP HGs) have emerged as excellent candidates for future wearable sensor designs. These hydrogels can attain desired properties through various tuning strategies extending from molecular design to microstructural configuration. However, significant challenges remain, such as the limited strain-sensing range, significant hysteresis of sensing signals, dehydration-induced functional failure, and surface/interfacial malfunction during manufacturing/processing. This review summarizes the recent developments in polymer-hydrogel-based wearable electrochemical biosensors over the past five years. Initially serving as carriers for biomolecules, polymer-hydrogel-based sensors have advanced to encompass a wider range of applications, including the development of non-enzymatic sensors facilitated by the integration of nanomaterials such as metals, metal oxides, and carbon-based materials. Beyond the numerous existing reports that primarily focus on biomolecule detection, we extend the scope to include the fabrication of nanocomposite conductive polymer hydrogels and explore their varied conductivity mechanisms in electrochemical sensing applications. This comprehensive evaluation is instrumental in determining the readiness of these polymer hydrogels for point-of-care translation and state-of-the-art applications in wearable electrochemical sensing technology. Full article
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32 pages, 35891 KiB  
Review
Advancements in MXene Composite Materials for Wearable Sensors: A Review
by Bingqian Shao, Xiaotong Chen, Xingwei Chen, Shuzhe Peng and Mingxin Song
Sensors 2024, 24(13), 4092; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24134092 - 24 Jun 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1517
Abstract
In recent years, advancements in the Internet of Things (IoT), manufacturing processes, and material synthesis technologies have positioned flexible sensors as critical components in wearable devices. These developments are propelling wearable technologies based on flexible sensors towards higher intelligence, convenience, superior performance, and [...] Read more.
In recent years, advancements in the Internet of Things (IoT), manufacturing processes, and material synthesis technologies have positioned flexible sensors as critical components in wearable devices. These developments are propelling wearable technologies based on flexible sensors towards higher intelligence, convenience, superior performance, and biocompatibility. Recently, two-dimensional nanomaterials known as MXenes have garnered extensive attention due to their excellent mechanical properties, outstanding electrical conductivity, large specific surface area, and abundant surface functional groups. These notable attributes confer significant potential on MXenes for applications in strain sensing, pressure measurement, gas detection, etc. Furthermore, polymer substrates such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyurethane (PU), and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) are extensively utilized as support materials for MXene and its composites due to their light weight, flexibility, and ease of processing, thereby enhancing the overall performance and wearability of the sensors. This paper reviews the latest advancements in MXene and its composites within the domains of strain sensors, pressure sensors, and gas sensors. We present numerous recent case studies of MXene composite material-based wearable sensors and discuss the optimization of materials and structures for MXene composite material-based wearable sensors, offering strategies and methods to enhance the development of MXene composite material-based wearable sensors. Finally, we summarize the current progress of MXene wearable sensors and project future trends and analyses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Chemical Sensors)
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15 pages, 4712 KiB  
Article
Enhancement of the Electric-Force Response of Carbon Black/Silicone Rubber Composites by Silane Coupling Agents
by Yanfang Zhao, Yang Yang, Bangwei Wan, Tianyu Ding and Xun Sha
Molecules 2024, 29(12), 2740; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29122740 - 8 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1007
Abstract
Flexible strain sensors have a wide range of applications in the field of health monitoring of seismic isolation bearings. However, the nonmonotonic response with shoulder peaks limits their application in practical engineering. Here we eliminate the shoulder peak phenomenon during the resistive-strain response [...] Read more.
Flexible strain sensors have a wide range of applications in the field of health monitoring of seismic isolation bearings. However, the nonmonotonic response with shoulder peaks limits their application in practical engineering. Here we eliminate the shoulder peak phenomenon during the resistive-strain response by adjusting the dispersion of conductive nanofillers. In this paper, carbon black (CB)/methyl vinyl silicone rubber (VMQ) composites were modified by adding a silane coupling agent (KH550). The results show that the addition of KH550 eliminates the shoulder peak phenomenon in the resistive response signal of the composites. The reason for the disappearance of the shoulder peak phenomenon was explained, and at the same time, the mechanical properties of the composites were enhanced, the percolation threshold was reduced, and they had excellent strain-sensing properties. It also exhibited excellent stability and repeatability during 18,000 cycles of loading–unloading. The resistance-strain response mechanism was explained by the tunneling effect theoretical model analysis. It was shown that the sensor has a promising application in the health monitoring of seismic isolation bearings. Full article
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14 pages, 27807 KiB  
Article
Development of High-Sensitivity Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Strain Sensors through Solution Electrospinning Process Technique
by Athanasios Kotrotsos, Nikolaos Syrmpopoulos, Prokopios Gavathas, Sorina Moica and Vassilis Kostopoulos
J. Compos. Sci. 2024, 8(6), 213; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8060213 - 6 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1749
Abstract
In this study, nanofibers obtained through the electrospinning process are explored for strain-sensing applications. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) flexible structures were fabricated using the solution electrospinning process (SEP) technique. Subsequently, these structures were nanomodified with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) through immersion into an ultrasonicated [...] Read more.
In this study, nanofibers obtained through the electrospinning process are explored for strain-sensing applications. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) flexible structures were fabricated using the solution electrospinning process (SEP) technique. Subsequently, these structures were nanomodified with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) through immersion into an ultrasonicated suspension containing 0.3 wt% SWCNTs. The nanomodification aimed to impart an electrically conductive network to the structures. Micro-tensile tests and electrical resistance measurements were conducted to characterize the apparent mechanical and electrical properties, respectively. The fabricated structures demonstrated potential as wearable strain sensors for monitoring changes in strain across various applications. The samples exhibited excellent performance, high sensitivity, outstanding mechanical properties, and a broad stretching range. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations provided qualitative insights into the activated conductive pathways during operation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress in Polymer Composites, Volume III)
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15 pages, 3926 KiB  
Article
Cellulose/Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework (ZIF-8) Composites with Antibacterial Properties for the Management of Wound Infections
by Valentina Di Matteo, Maria Francesca Di Filippo, Barbara Ballarin, Giovanna Angela Gentilomi, Francesca Bonvicini, Silvia Panzavolta and Maria Cristina Cassani
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(9), 472; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14090472 - 13 Sep 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2700
Abstract
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of crystalline porous materials with outstanding physical and chemical properties that make them suitable candidates in many fields, such as catalysis, sensing, energy production, and drug delivery. By combining MOFs with polymeric substrates, advanced functional materials are [...] Read more.
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of crystalline porous materials with outstanding physical and chemical properties that make them suitable candidates in many fields, such as catalysis, sensing, energy production, and drug delivery. By combining MOFs with polymeric substrates, advanced functional materials are devised with excellent potential for biomedical applications. In this research, Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework 8 (ZIF-8), a zinc-based MOF, was selected together with cellulose, an almost inexhaustible polymeric raw material produced by nature, to prepare cellulose/ZIF-8 composite flat sheets via an in-situ growing single-step method in aqueous media. The composite materials were characterized by several techniques (IR, XRD, SEM, TGA, ICP, and BET) and their antibacterial activity as well as their biocompatibility in a mammalian model system were investigated. The cellulose/ZIF-8 samples remarkably inhibited the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative reference strains, and, notably, they proved to be effective against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa presenting different antibiotic resistance profiles. As these pathogens are of primary importance in skin diseases and in the delayed healing of wounds, and the cellulose/ZIF-8 composites met the requirements of biological safety, the herein materials reveal a great potential for use as gauze pads in the management of wound infections. Full article
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20 pages, 7695 KiB  
Review
Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Nanoscrolls: Preparation and Applications
by Shilong Yu, Pinyi Wang, Huihui Ye, Hailun Tang, Siyuan Wang, Zhikang Wu, Chengjie Pei, Junhui Lu and Hai Li
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(17), 2433; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13172433 - 27 Aug 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2236
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) nanosheets have shown extensive applications due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. However, the low light absorption efficiency limits their application in optoelectronics. By rolling up 2D TMDCs nanosheets, the one-dimensional (1D) TMDCs nanoscrolls are formed [...] Read more.
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) nanosheets have shown extensive applications due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. However, the low light absorption efficiency limits their application in optoelectronics. By rolling up 2D TMDCs nanosheets, the one-dimensional (1D) TMDCs nanoscrolls are formed with spiral tubular structure, tunable interlayer spacing, and opening ends. Due to the increased thickness of the scroll structure, the light absorption is enhanced. Meanwhile, the rapid electron transportation is confined along the 1D structure. Therefore, the TMDCs nanoscrolls show improved optoelectronic performance compared to 2D nanosheets. In addition, the high specific surface area and active edge site from the bending strain of the basal plane make them promising materials for catalytic reaction. Thus, the TMDCs nanoscrolls have attracted intensive attention in recent years. In this review, the structure of TMDCs nanoscrolls is first demonstrated and followed by various preparation methods of the TMDCs nanoscrolls. Afterwards, the applications of TMDCs nanoscrolls in the fields of photodetection, hydrogen evolution reaction, and gas sensing are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2D Structured Materials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications)
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11 pages, 1818 KiB  
Article
A Stretchable and Self-Healing Dual-Functional Wearable Sensor Enabled by Wet-Spun Conductive Thermoplastic Nanocomposite Fibers
by Zifeng Wang, Xiyu Wang, Jiaming Cui, Zhuo Shi, Feng Yan, Yutong Han, Zhanhong Li and Zhigang Zhu
Analytica 2023, 4(3), 336-346; https://doi.org/10.3390/analytica4030025 - 1 Aug 2023
Viewed by 2167
Abstract
Continuous monitoring of body movements or physicochemical health indicators by various wearable devices with intriguing geometries has attracted increasing research attention. Among them, fiber-based wearable devices have been intensively investigated due to the ease of fabrication, excellent flexibility and adaptability, and abundant applicable [...] Read more.
Continuous monitoring of body movements or physicochemical health indicators by various wearable devices with intriguing geometries has attracted increasing research attention. Among them, fiber-based wearable devices have been intensively investigated due to the ease of fabrication, excellent flexibility and adaptability, and abundant applicable working mechanisms. Although various spinning methods can prepare composite fibers, obtaining highly conductive fibers at high filler-loading fractions has always been difficult. In addition, most synthetic fibers are designed only for specific applications, exhibiting narrow applicability. This work proposed a dual-functional smart fiber-based sensor that could work based on either piezoresistive or electrochemical mechanisms. Through the wet spinning of dopes containing nanosized carbon black and thermoplastic polyurethane, nanocomposite fibers with decent electrical conductivities (2.10 × 102 S m−1 or 4.77 × 10−3 Ω·m), high mechanical stretch abilities and toughness (εmax~2400%, KIC = 61.44 MJ m−3), as well as excellent self-heal abilities (η ≥ 64.8%), could be obtained. Such coupled electromechanical properties endowed the as-synthesized fibers with strain-sensing or biomarker monitoring capabilities based on piezoresistive or electrochemical mechanisms. The proposed novel dual-functional smart fibers demonstrated potential for multifunctional wearable health monitoring devices. Full article
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16 pages, 9562 KiB  
Article
Acrylate Copolymer-Reinforced Hydrogel Electrolyte for Strain Sensors and Flexible Supercapacitors
by Ruixue Liu, Wenkang Liu, Jichao Chen, Xiangli Bian, Kaiqi Fan, Junhong Zhao and Xiaojing Zhang
Batteries 2023, 9(6), 304; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9060304 - 31 May 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1697
Abstract
Ionic conductive hydrogels with good conductivity and biocompatibility have become one of the research highlights in the field of wearable flexible sensors and supercapacitors. In this work, poly(methacrylic acid–methyl methacrylate)-reinforced poly(sodium acrylate–vinyl phosphonic acid) composite hydrogels (P(AAS-VPA)/PMMS) were designed and tested for strain [...] Read more.
Ionic conductive hydrogels with good conductivity and biocompatibility have become one of the research highlights in the field of wearable flexible sensors and supercapacitors. In this work, poly(methacrylic acid–methyl methacrylate)-reinforced poly(sodium acrylate–vinyl phosphonic acid) composite hydrogels (P(AAS-VPA)/PMMS) were designed and tested for strain sensor or supercapacitor applications. The results showed recoverability for 20 cycles of tension and compression experiments, an excellent breaking strain of 2079%, and ionic conductivity of 0.045 S·cm−1, demonstrating strong support for the application of the P(AAS-VPA)/PMMS hydrogel in strain sensors and supercapacitors. The composite hydrogel exhibited outstanding sensing and monitoring capability with high sensitivity (GF = 4.0). The supercapacitor based on the P(AAS-VPA)/PMMS composite hydrogel showed excellent capacitance performance (area capacitance 100.8 mF·cm−2 and energy density 8.96 μWh·cm−2) at ambient temperature and even −30 °C (25.3 mF·cm−2 and 2.25 μWh·cm−2). The hydrogel has stable electrochemical stability (1000 cycles, Coulomb efficiency > 97%) and exhibits electrochemical properties similar to those in the normal state under different deformations. The excellent results demonstrate the great potential of the P(AAS-VPA)/PMMS composite hydrogel in the field of strain sensors and flexible supercapacitors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materials and Interface Designs for Batteries)
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13 pages, 2893 KiB  
Article
Antimicrobial and Mechanical Properties of Ag@Ti3C2Tx-Modified PVA Composite Hydrogels Enhanced with Quaternary Ammonium Chitosan
by Linxinzheng Guo, Kun Hu and Haibo Wang
Polymers 2023, 15(10), 2352; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15102352 - 18 May 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2251
Abstract
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a polymeric material with good biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilicity, and a large number of hydroxyl groups. However, due to its insufficient mechanical properties and poor inhibition of bacteria, it has a lack of applications in wound dressings, stent materials, and [...] Read more.
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a polymeric material with good biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilicity, and a large number of hydroxyl groups. However, due to its insufficient mechanical properties and poor inhibition of bacteria, it has a lack of applications in wound dressings, stent materials, and other fields. In this study, a simple method was used to prepare composite gel materials: Ag@MXene-HACC-PVA hydrogels with a double-network structure were prepared using an acetal reaction. Due to the double cross-linked interaction, the hydrogel has good mechanical properties and is resistant to swelling. The adhesion and bacterial inhibition were enhanced due to the addition of HACC. In addition, the strain sensing properties of this conductive hydrogel were stable, and the GF (specification factor) was 1.7617 at 40–90% strain. Therefore, the dual-network hydrogel with excellent sensing properties, adhesion properties, antibacterial properties, and cytocompatibility has potential applications in biomedical materials, especially as a tissue engineering repair material. Full article
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1387 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Structural Study of Ecofriendly Synthesized Multifunctional Rare Earth Metal Cerium Oxide
by Shivangi Srivastava, Narendra Kumar Pandey and Pradeep Kumar Pandey
Eng. Proc. 2023, 37(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECP2023-14685 - 17 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 802
Abstract
Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) are used in chemical mechanical polishing/planarization, corrosion protection, solar cells, fuel oxidation catalysis, automotive exhaust treatment, and sensing. However, their synthesis process increases the likelihood of exposure, potential health effects, and ecological implications. Consequently, it is important to synthesize [...] Read more.
Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) are used in chemical mechanical polishing/planarization, corrosion protection, solar cells, fuel oxidation catalysis, automotive exhaust treatment, and sensing. However, their synthesis process increases the likelihood of exposure, potential health effects, and ecological implications. Consequently, it is important to synthesize CeNPs in an environmentally friendly and affordable way to create a better structure. This work discusses the numerous structural properties of CeNPs and is solely concerned with their economical hydrothermal production. To comprehend the shape, FE-SEM was used, which shows the granular-like structure. The elastic characteristics of the material, like Bulk Modulus, was 177 GPa, Sher Modulus was 78 GPa, Poisson’s ratio was 0.32, and some other properties were also determined by using the FTIR spectrum, which also revealed numerous functional groups. The CeO2 XRD pattern reveals a cubic structure of the space group Fm3m with a density of 6.74 gmcm−3, a volume of 158.08 × 106 pm3, a crystallite size of 18.66 nm, a lattice strain of 0.0041, and many other estimated structural characteristics. Rietveld refinement was also performed for the refined parameters that suggest the high quality of structural parameters like R-factors, wR-factor (Rw), and Chi-squared (χ2) and for designing the crystal structure of cerium oxide nanoparticles. When examining the composition and nature of bonding materials, the structural features are of the utmost significance, as they offer a variety of information regarding the subject material’s general qualities. Excellent characteristics of nanomaterials include high chemical and physical stability, low density, and a big surface area. Nanomaterials are preferred options for the creation of brand-new, functioning membranes because of their superior qualities. Full article
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13 pages, 2889 KiB  
Article
Flexible and Wearable Strain–Temperature Sensors Based on Chitosan/Ink Sponges
by Xiaoying Lin, Feng Wu, Yunqing He and Mingxian Liu
Molecules 2023, 28(10), 4083; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28104083 - 14 May 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2072
Abstract
A simple and economic strategy to construct a chitosan-ink carbon nanoparticle sponge sensor was proposed by freeze-drying of chitosan and Chinese ink mixture solution. The microstructure and physical properties of the composite sponges with different ratios are characterized. The interfacial compatibility of chitosan [...] Read more.
A simple and economic strategy to construct a chitosan-ink carbon nanoparticle sponge sensor was proposed by freeze-drying of chitosan and Chinese ink mixture solution. The microstructure and physical properties of the composite sponges with different ratios are characterized. The interfacial compatibility of chitosan and carbon nanoparticles in ink is satisfied, and the mechanical property and porosity of chitosan was increased by the incorporation of carbon nanoparticles. Due to excellent conductivity and good photothermal conversion effect of the carbon nanoparticles in ink, the constructed flexible sponge sensor has satisfactory strain and temperature sensing performance and high sensitivity (133.05 ms). In addition, these sensors can be successfully applied to monitor the large joint movement of the human body and the movement of muscle groups near the esophagus. Dual functionally integrated sponge sensors show great potential for strain and temperature detection in real time. The prepared chitosan-ink carbon nanoparticle composite shows promising applications in wearable smart sensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chitosan, Chitosan Derivatives and Their Applications)
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18 pages, 4358 KiB  
Article
Tailoring Triple Filler Systems for Improved Magneto-Mechanical Performance in Silicone Rubber Composites
by Vineet Kumar, Md Najib Alam, Manesh A. Yewale and Sang-Shin Park
Polymers 2023, 15(10), 2287; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15102287 - 12 May 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1586
Abstract
The demand for multi-functional elastomers is increasing, as they offer a range of desirable properties such as reinforcement, mechanical stretchability, magnetic sensitivity, strain sensing, and energy harvesting capabilities. The excellent durability of these composites is the key factor behind their promising multi-functionality. In [...] Read more.
The demand for multi-functional elastomers is increasing, as they offer a range of desirable properties such as reinforcement, mechanical stretchability, magnetic sensitivity, strain sensing, and energy harvesting capabilities. The excellent durability of these composites is the key factor behind their promising multi-functionality. In this study, various composites based on multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), clay minerals (MT-Clay), electrolyte iron particles (EIP), and their hybrids were used to fabricate these devices using silicone rubber as the elastomeric matrix. The mechanical performance of these composites was evaluated, with their compressive moduli, which was found to be 1.73 MPa for the control sample, 3.9 MPa for MWCNT composites at 3 per hundred parts of rubber (phr), 2.2 MPa for MT-Clay composites (8 phr), 3.2 MPa for EIP composites (80 phr), and 4.1 MPa for hybrid composites (80 phr). After evaluating the mechanical performance, the composites were assessed for industrial use based on their improved properties. The deviation from their experimental performance was studied using various theoretical models such as the Guth–Gold Smallwood model and the Halpin–Tsai model. Finally, a piezo-electric energy harvesting device was fabricated using the aforementioned composites, and their output voltages were measured. The MWCNT composites showed the highest output voltage of approximately 2 milli-volt (mV), indicating their potential for this application. Lastly, magnetic sensitivity and stress relaxation tests were performed on the hybrid and EIP composites, with the hybrid composite demonstrating better magnetic sensitivity and stress relaxation. Overall, this study provides guidance on achieving promising mechanical properties in such materials and their suitability for various applications, such as energy harvesting and magnetic sensitivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Horizons in Nanofillers Based Polymer Composites II)
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15 pages, 4716 KiB  
Article
Synthesis and Sensing Performance of Chitin Fiber/MoS2 Composites
by Yuzhi Zhang, Zhaofeng Wu, Jun Sun, Qihua Sun, Fengjuan Chen, Min Zhang and Haiming Duan
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(9), 1567; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13091567 - 6 May 2023
Viewed by 1883
Abstract
In this study, chitin fibers (CFs) were combined with molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) to develop high-performance sensors, and chitin carbon materials were innovatively introduced into the application of gas sensing. MoS2/CFs composites were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method. The [...] Read more.
In this study, chitin fibers (CFs) were combined with molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) to develop high-performance sensors, and chitin carbon materials were innovatively introduced into the application of gas sensing. MoS2/CFs composites were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method. The surface properties of the composites were greatly improved, and the fire resistance effect was remarkable compared with that of the chitin monomer. In the gas-sensitive performance test, the overall performance of the MoS2/CFs composite was more than three times better than that of the MoS2 monomer and showed excellent long-term stability, with less than 10% performance degradation in three months. Extending to the field of strain sensing, MoS2/CFs composites can realize real-time signal conversion in tensile and motion performance tests, which can help inspectors make analytical judgments in response to the analysis results. The extensive application of sensing materials in more fields is expected to be further developed. Based on the recycling of waste chitin textile materials, this paper expands the potential applications of chitin materials in the fields of gas monitoring, biomedicine, behavioral discrimination and intelligent monitoring. Full article
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