Gradient hydrogels are promising future materials which could be usable in tissue engineering (scaffolds), pharmaceutical (drug delivery systems with controlled release) and many others related disciplines. These hydrogels exhibit a more complex inne...
In this paper, a template-filling method was found to prepare composition gradient gelatin films by incorporating α-[3-(2,3-epoxypropoxy) propyl]-ω-butyl-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS–E) grafted gelatin (PGG) into a gradient gelatin mesh template. The m...
As a new type of high-performance material, gradient structural steel is widely used in engineering fields due to its unique microstructure and excellent mechanical properties. For the prevalent fatigue failure problem, the rate of change in the loca...
The regeneration of bone and the repair of large segmental bone defects represent critical challenges in regenerative medicine. Natural bone tissue is an anisotropic material characterized by an intricate gradient distribution in structure, mechanica...
We report, theoretically and experimentally, the realization of a high detection performance in a novel magnetoelectric (ME) transverse gradient sensor based on the large ME effect and the magnetic field gradient (MFG) technique in a pair of magnetic...
Design and preparation of functional nanomaterials with specific properties requires precise control over their microscopic structure. A prototypical example is the self-assembly of diblock copolymers, which generate highly ordered structures control...
The paper describes a unique method of heat flux measurement, i.e., gradient heatmetry. Gradient heatmetry is performed using gradient heat flux sensors (GHFS) developed on the anisotropic thermoelements basis. The principle of GHFS’ operation...
In this article, we focus on improving the sub-gradient extra-gradient method to find a solution to the problems of pseudo-monotone equilibrium in a real Hilbert space. The weak convergence of our method is well-established based on the standard assu...
Functionally graded piezoceramics are a new generation of engineering materials whose final properties are determined by a chemical composition gradient (volume distribution), material microstructure, or design characteristics. This review analyzes p...
For a high-power slab solid-state laser, obtaining high output power and high output beam quality are the most important indicators. Adaptive optics systems can significantly improve beam qualities by compensating for the phase distortions of the las...
This study investigates the impact of plasma gradient modification and gradient illumination on the optoelectronic properties of buckypaper (BP), a flexible and large-scale material composed of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The BP samples w...
This paper proposes an image interpolation method with regional gradient estimation (GEI) to solve the problem of the nonlinear interpolation method not sufficiently considering non-edge pixels. First, the approach presented in this paper expanded on...
Against the background of the development of control systems, Data Driven Control (DDC) methods are becoming more and more popular, given the system’s independence from physical models and the possibility of quickly tuning the controller. The u...
Gradient-nanostructured material is an emerging category of material with spatial gradients in microstructural features. The incompatibility between gradient nanostructures (GNS) in the surface layer and coarse-grained (CG) core and their roles in ex...
Gradient structure provides an effective approach to improve the combination of high strength and toughness compared to a uniform one. The gradient interfaces or boundaries in gradient-structured metallic glass composites play a crucial role in influ...
Biomaterials include bioceramics, biometals, biopolymers and biocomposites and they play important roles in the replacement and regeneration of human tissues. However, dense bioceramics and dense biometals pose the problem of stress shielding due to...
The paper solves the problem of constructing step adjustment algorithms for a gradient method based on the principle of the steepest descent. The expansion of the step adjustment principle, its formalization and parameterization led the researchers t...
Titanium and titanium alloys have excellent physical properties and process properties and are widely used in the aviation industry, but their high-temperature oxidation resistance is poor, and there is a thermal barrier temperature of 600 °C, wh...
In the last half-century, capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) became a versatile and high-performance analytical platform for the separation of complex biomolecular mixtures featuring rapid separations, high efficiency, and small sample consumption....
In order to investigate the effect of gradient interface on the mechanical properties of Cu/WCP functional gradient materials, digital image correlation technique was used to analyze the mechanical characteristics of laminated Cu/WCP functional gradi...
Many adaptive gradient methods have been successfully applied to train deep neural networks, such as Adagrad, Adadelta, RMSprop and Adam. These methods perform local optimization with an element-wise scaling learning rate based on past gradients. Alt...
Highly efficient columns are necessary for the modern analytical applications of liquid chromatography. In this work, the separation efficiency of ion-exchange capacity gradient stationary phases combined with eluent concentration gradient was studie...
The general strain gradient theory of Mindlin is re-visited on the basis of a new set of higher-order metrics, which includes dilatation gradient, deviatoric stretch gradient, symmetric rotation gradient and curvature. A strain gradient bending theor...
Oxygen gradient ektacytometry (oxygenscan) measures the changes in red blood cell (RBC) deformability in normoxia and during deoxygenation. We investigated the changes in RBC deformability, measured by both oxygenscan and classical shear-stress-gradi...
When considering an urban agglomeration as a unit, promoting the coupling and coordination of the land price gradient and industrial gradient is crucial for achieving regional integrated development. We selected the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei...
Gradient nanostructured metallic materials with a nanostructured surface layer show immense potential for various industrial applications because of their outstanding mechanical, fatigue, corrosion, tribological properties, etc. In the past several d...
Nanoparticle gradient materials combine a concentration gradient of nanoparticles with a macroscopic matrix. This way, specific properties of nanoscale matter can be transferred to bulk materials. These materials have great potential for applications...
Magnetically-actuated functional gradient nanocomposites can be locally modulated to generate unprecedented mechanical gradients that can be applied to various interfaces and surfaces through following the design principles of natural biological mate...
Gradient-domain image processing is a technique where, instead of operating directly on the image pixel values, the gradient of the image is computed and processed. The resulting image is obtained by reintegrating the processed gradient. This is norm...
The Earth’s ionosphere is greatly influenced by geomagnetic activities, especially geomagnetic storms. During a geomagnetic storm, the ionosphere suffers many perturbations, leading to a spatial gradient that are neglected during geomagneticall...
Optimization methods, namely, gradient optimization methods, are a key part of neural network training. In this paper, we propose a new gradient optimization method using exponential decay and the adaptive learning rate using a discrete second-order...
The utilization of gradient information is a key issue in building Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT)-like descriptors. In the literature, two types of gradient information, i.e., Gradient Magnitude (GM) and Gradient Occurrence (GO), are used f...
A new way of preparing W–Cu functional gradient materials (FGM) with molten salts electrodeposition is studied. The results show that, with the conditions of current density 70 mA·cm−2, electrodeposition temperature 700 °C and bidirectional pulse ele...
In recent years, precipitable water vapor has emerged as a key atmospheric parameter in weather prediction research. However, relying on only one parameter does not always accurately predict rainfall, as other atmospheric parameters also contribute t...
Flexible sensors are prone to the problems of slow recovery rate and large residual strain in practical use. In this paper, a polyurethane functional composite with a gradient change in elastic modulus is proposed as a flexible sensor to meet the rec...
In this paper, we study the theory of second gradient electromagnetostatics as the static version of second gradient electrodynamics. The theory of second gradient electrodynamics is a linear generalization of higher order of classical Maxwell electr...
The continuum damage model should be regularized to ensure mesh-insensitive results in simulations of strain localization, e.g., for concrete cracking under tension. The paper confronts the conventional gradient damage model with its upgrade includin...
Accurate subsurface imaging is crucial for understanding complex geological structures. Traditional approaches often involve separate inversion of different geophysical datasets, which may not fully capture the structural similarities between the mod...
Nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms remain a strong trend in optimization. Human-inspired optimization algorithms should be more intuitive and relatable. This paper proposes a novel optimization algorithm inspired by a human search party. We hyp...
In the present paper, the fatigue performance of a TC6 titanium alloy with a microstructure gradient and residual stress gradient produced by laser shock peening (LSP) is investigated. After LSP, a 1 mm thickness gradient compressive residual stress...
We consider material bodies exhibiting a response function for free energy, which depends on both the strain and its gradient. Toupin–Mindlin’s gradient elasticity is characterized by Cauchy stress tensors, which are given by space-like Euler–Lagrang...
Learning-to-rank has been intensively studied and has shown significantly increasing values in a wide range of domains, such as web search, recommender systems, dialogue systems, machine translation, and even computational biology, to name a few. In...
The effect of specific processing-induced surface textures in gradient aluminum has not yet been investigated. A dislocation-based multi-scale framework is employed to explore the influence of various initial shearing textures and the depth from the...
Recently, gradient performance and fidelity has become of increasing interest, as the fidelity of the magnetic resonance (MR) image is somewhat dependent on the fidelity of the gradient system. In particular, for high fidelity non-Cartesian imaging,...
Extensive experiments have shown that gradient nano-grained metals have outstanding synergy of strength and ductility. However, the deformation mechanisms of gradient metals are still not fully understood due to their complicated gradient microstruct...
This paper discusses a method for taking into account rounding errors when constructing a stopping criterion for the iterative process in gradient minimization methods. The main aim of this work was to develop methods for improving the quality of the...
Measuring the heat flux in the furnace of industrial boilers is an urgent task in the power industry. Installing the measuring instruments directly into the furnace is a laborious and complex process. It requires a complete shutdown of the boiler, wh...
Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is an optimization method typically used in deep learning to train deep neural network (DNN) models. In recent studies for DNN training, pipeline parallelism, a type of model parallelism, is proposed to accelerate SG...
A recurrent neural network (RNN) combines variable-length input data with a hidden state that depends on previous time steps to generate output data. RNNs have been widely used in time-series data analysis, and various RNN algorithms have been propos...
Harvesting salinity gradient energy, also known as “osmotic energy” or “blue energy”, generated from the free energy mixing of seawater and fresh river water provides a renewable and sustainable alternative for circumventing the recent upsurge in glo...
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