Search Results (9,235)

This study aimed to determine the absolute bioavailability of quercetin and quantitatively evaluate its pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) relationship regarding acute glucose-lowering effects in normoglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats, addressing whether its in vivo efficacy is driven by the free aglycone or its biotransformed intermediates. Healthy and diabetic rats received single doses of quercetin either orally (75 mg/kg) or intravenously (38 mg/kg). Plasma concentrations of free quercetin were quantified using a validated HPLC-DAD method, and temporal PK-PD relationships between systemic exposure and the percentage variation of glycemia were mathematically evaluated employing Pearson correlation analysis. The absolute bioavailability of free quercetin was significantly impaired by the pathophysiological state, dropping from 59.7% in healthy rats to 40.9% in diabetic subjects. Despite this diminished systemic exposure, oral administration elicited significant hypoglycemic responses. Crucially, the Pearson correlation analysis revealed a pronounced temporal dissociation: the onset of glycemic reduction occurred independently of the maximal circulating concentration of free quercetin. Furthermore, intravenous delivery bypassed first-pass barriers and induced a markedly faster and deeper hypoglycemic effect (up to −47% in diabetic rats). Finally, the diminished bioavailability under diabetic conditions and the stark PK-PD temporal dissociation strongly suggest that quercetin’s acute antihyperglycemic effect is driven by rapid hepatic Phase II biotransformation, implicating conjugated metabolites (rather than the free aglycone) as the principal pharmacological effectors. Full article

Background/Objectives: Smartphone use during public transit is widespread, yet the combined effects of posture, viewing duration, and sex on visual fatigue and visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) under real commuting conditions remain insufficiently understood. This study examined these factors during smartphone video viewing aboard Taipei MRT carriages. Methods: Forty healthy young adults (20 males, 20 females) completed four randomized conditions crossing two postures (sitting, standing) and two viewing durations (15 min, 30 min). Conditions were administered in a randomized order. Critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF), visual fatigue scale (VFS) scores, viewing distance, and VIMSSQ-short change scores were assessed as primary outcomes and analyzed using three-way mixed ANOVA. Results: Viewing duration produced the largest and most consistent effects across all outcomes (η²p = 0.658–0.969): 30 min viewing yielded greater CFF reduction, higher VFS scores, shorter viewing distance, and elevated VIMS compared with 15 min viewing. Standing posture significantly increased VFS scores, shortened viewing distance, and raised VIMS relative to sitting, though its effect on CFF reduction was not statistically significant. A significant sex × viewing duration interaction emerged with regard to VFS scores, with females showing a steeper increase in subjective fatigue over time, despite no significant sex main effect for any outcome. A significant posture × viewing duration interaction for VIMS indicated that standing was associated with greater VIMS responses during prolonged viewing. Conclusions: Prolonged viewing duration and standing posture are key contributors to smartphone-related visual and motion discomfort in metro environments. Limiting continuous viewing time and preferring a seated posture when using smartphones during commuting are recommended strategies to reduce both visual fatigue and VIMS among healthy young adults; generalizability to broader commuter populations warrants further investigation. Full article

Background/Objectives: COPD patients often complain of severe dyspnea when walking uphill, even up a mild incline. This study aimed to determine whether the dyspnea experienced during uphill walking is disproportionate to the increased mechanical work required to overcome gravity. Methods: Fourteen COPD patients (FEV₁ 49 ± 11% predicted) and nine healthy participants performed three symptom-limited exercise tests on a treadmill, each at a fixed grade: 1%, 2.5%, and 4% for COPD patients; and 1%, 3%, and 5% for healthy participants. Treadmill speed was increased stepwise (3 min/stage). Inspiratory capacity (IC) maneuvers were performed during the last minute of each stage. Borg dyspnea scores (0–10) at the different inclines were compared at a uniform level of oxygen uptake (iso-$\dot{\mathrm{V}}$O₂). Results: Borg dyspnea scores by COPD patients at the highest iso-$\dot{\mathrm{V}}$O₂ attained were significantly higher at 4% treadmill grade compared to 2.5% and compared to 1% grade (7 ± 2 vs. 5 ± 2 vs. 5 ± 2, respectively; p < 0.001 for 4% vs. 1% grade, p < 0.005 for 4% vs. 2.5%). Dynamic hyperinflation worsened with grade, as reflected by decrease in inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) at the highest common iso-$\dot{\mathrm{V}}$O₂ attained: 798 ± 336 mL at 1% grade vs. 698 ± 325 mL at 2.5% (p < 0.004) vs. 564 ± 350 mL at 4% (p < 0.002 for 4% vs. 1%; p < 0.004 for 4% vs. 2.5%). In contrast, healthy participants showed no significant grade-dependent differences in dyspnea or IRV at iso-$\dot{\mathrm{V}}$O₂. Conclusions: Walking uphill in itself increases breathlessness of COPD subjects at iso-$\dot{\mathrm{V}}$O₂, suggesting that the increased dyspnea cannot be explained simply by the increased work. This phenomenon may be related to dynamic hyperinflation, which is worse at steeper inclines. Full article

Background/Objectives: Lifestyle Modification Programs (LMPs) based on exercise and nutrition aim to prevent/manage chronic diseases and foster well-being. However, moving LMPs from research to medical practice can be challenging, as programs must be both effective and feasible. The primary goal of this study was to assess cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) changes according to an LMP, measured through VO_2max, as a key indicator of health outcomes and intervention efficacy. Methods: In this single-arm intervention study, 100 subjects were enrolled; per-protocol analysis of main parameters was performed on 85 participants (15 were excluded due to medical/technical reasons). A feasible intervention program (of low resource intensity with only two physician/patient encounters) provided personalized exercise prescription, optimized nutritional habits based on the Mediterranean diet and Healthy Eating Plate principles, and supported behaviour change. We assessed CRF through VO_2max, a key indicator of health outcomes and intervention efficacy. We also analyzed, using regression analysis, the relationship between VO_2max (the gold-standard measure of CRF) and MET_Speak, a simpler, feasible parameter of CRF derived from Exercise Stress Testing. Body composition (BC) and AHA diet score were also measured at baseline and post-6-month intervention. Statistical analyses included paired comparisons and multivariable regression to explore factors influencing CRF changes. Results: Analysis on the primary outcome, VO_2max, was performed according to the intention-to-treat principle and per-protocol. This feasible protocol resulted in a significant increase in VO_2max, improvements in fat-free mass, and a reduction in fat mass. Overall, 42.4% of participants achieved an improvement of ≥1 MET, a change previously associated with reduced mortality risk. Older participants tend to experience smaller improvements in VO_2max. Conclusions: Although observing an improvement in CRF and BC following an LMP is not surprising, the strength of the study is to show the feasibility of implementing an effective, feasible LMP into clinical routine, supporting the integration of such programs into clinical practice. Full article

The majority of currently available hand kinematic databases have been gathered using expensive marker-based systems or are restricted to a particular gesture-recognition task, failing to capture the dynamic nature of joints when the hand is engaged with an object. To address this gap, we introduce the RGB-based Hand Joint Kinematics (RGB-HJK) dataset, a publicly available collection of continuous, frame-level 3D joint angle trajectories, recorded while ten healthy adults (six male, four female; age $25.8\pm 3.2$ years; BMI $22.8\pm 2.0$ kg/m²) performed five standardized object interaction grasps: Power Grasp (cylindrical bottle), Tripod Grasp (pen), Static Power Hold (smartphone), Precision Pinch (thin paper), and Lateral Pinch (book). Data were collected using a standard RGB camera and the MediaPipe Hands markerless pipeline at $26.95\pm 0.29$ Hz, a rate that was stable across all subjects. Each participant completed five trials for each grasp type. After filtering using active hold, 28,111 validated frames remained, with a 100% detection rate for all 250 trials. Intra-subject repeatability was good (mean SD $\le 7.9°$ across all joint grasp combinations) and inter-subject variability was within the range expected based on normal anatomical diversity. Importantly, kinematic validation of the Index Proximal Interphalangeal (PIP) joint (61.8° ± 18.4°) showed values consistent with ranges reported in previous studies using instrumented gloves and depth sensors. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) confirmed clear linear separability among the five grasp configurations. Unlike existing datasets, the RGB-HJK method does not compromise the natural sense of touch and is free of hardware occlusions, thereby providing an easily accessible ecological baseline. Full article

Background/Objectives: Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) is a mucin-like glycoprotein that is elevated in a variety of lung diseases and used as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in mucin-1 (MUC1) influence KL-6 serum concentration. This study investigated the relationship between serum KL-6 concentrations in pwCF and a MUC1 SNP and its longitudinal dynamics. Methods: The study included pwCF (n = 174) and healthy controls (n = 30). In pwCF, 365 samples were collected for longitudinal analyses; KL-6 levels were measured and the MUC1 SNP rs4072037 was genotyped in pwCF and controls. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between KL-6, genotype, and clinical parameters, such as infectious exacerbation, body mass index, inflammatory values and lung function, were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. Results: Serum KL-6 was significantly elevated in pwCF compared with controls (458 ± 357 vs. 283 ± 103 U/mL; p < 0.001). Homozygous G/G carriers exhibited higher baseline KL-6 than A/A carriers (627 ± 673 vs. 397 ± 148 U/mL; p < 0.001), while heterozygous individuals showed intermediate levels. Longitudinally, the MUC1 SNP and interindividual differences in vital capacity (ppFVC) primarily determined baseline KL-6 levels, explaining 52.5% of variance. Short-term intraindividual fluctuations were largely driven by infectious exacerbations independent of genotype, accounting for ~10% of within-subject variance. Conclusions: PwCF generally showed elevated serum KL-6 levels and reflected both stable interindividual differences, mainly driven by the MUC1 SNP and ppFVC. Dynamic intraindividualchanges were associated with infectious exacerbations. Given the influence of MUC1 polymorphisms (e.g., rs4072037) on KL-6 concentration, personalized interpretation based on the genotype status may be informative in pwCF. Full article

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Phenotype (HCM-Ph) is the most common group of myocardial disorders in cats. It has been the subject of research worldwide with prevalence rates ranging from 8% to 34%. However, there is no data available on its occurrence in Morocco. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of HCM-Ph in apparently healthy cats in Morocco, describe the epidemiological and echocardiographic findings of affected cats and to compare patients in ACVIM stages B1 and B2. A total of 81 apparently healthy cats underwent echocardiographic screening. The overall prevalence of HCM-Ph was 9.88% (95% CI: 4.36–18.54%). The median age was four years (IQR 3.5–5.5) and a male overrepresentation (75%) was noted. Affected cats exhibited various echocardiographic patterns of left ventricular hypertrophy, normal left ventricular diameters, preserved fractional shortening and different degrees of left atrial enlargement. Cats in B2 stage were older and had more myocardial hypertrophy compared to cats in B1 stage, highlighting the potential role of wall thickness in clinical staging and risk assessment. Subclinical HCM-Ph is relatively common in apparently healthy cats in Morocco. Veterinarians should be aware of its clinical importance, as despite the fact that it presents no clinical signs, it can have fatal cardiovascular outcomes. Full article

Background/Objectives: Chronological age does not fully capture the heterogeneity of physiological aging among healthy individuals. Immune aging and redox imbalance are key hallmarks of biological aging, yet their interaction and relationship with circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate whether endothelial- and platelet-derived EVs are associated with immune and oxidative aging processes in clinically healthy subjects. Methods: Circulating EVs were isolated and characterized by flow cytometry in a cohort of healthy volunteers spanning a wide age range. Endothelial-derived EVs (EeEVs) and platelet-derived EVs (PEVs) were quantified and analyzed in relation to chronological age, immune function parameters, redox biomarkers, ImmunolAge (an immune aging index), and OxyScore (a composite redox index). A normalized EV-Score was developed using an age- and sex-adjusted Z-score approach. Associations were assessed using correlation analyses, non-linear regression models, generalized additive models, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: Both EeEVs and PEVs increased non-linearly with age, with a pronounced rise during midlife. EV concentrations were positively associated with molecular aging markers and inversely related to multiple immune function parameters. EVs were also linked to redox biomarkers, although oxidative status alone did not explain EV variability. EV-Score was strongly associated with immune aging and showed context-dependent relationships with oxidative status. Notably, high EV-Score values were observed primarily in individuals with accelerated immune aging, whereas subjects with high oxidative status but preserved immune aging exhibited low EV-Score values. ROC analyses demonstrated that the discriminative capacity of EV-Score for immune or oxidative aging depended on the combined immune–redox context. Conclusions: Circulating EVs may reflect the integrated state of immune and redox aging rather than chronological age alone. These findings suggest the potential utility of EVs as dynamic biomarkers of biological aging in healthy individuals and highlight the importance of considering immune and oxidative processes jointly to interpret EV-associated aging signatures. Full article

Background/Objectives: The superficial radial nerve (SRN) is highly susceptible to iatrogenic injury during wrist injection procedures. This study aimed to identify the anatomical trajectory of the SRN using high-resolution ultrasonography and to establish a reliable “safe zone” for wrist extensor compartment injections. Methods: Fifty-eight forearms from 29 healthy volunteers (15 males, 14 females) were evaluated. Four anatomical levels were defined: the proximal and distal ends of the extensor compartment I-II intersection area (Levels A and B), and the proximal and distal points of SRN crossing over the first compartment (Levels C and D). Longitudinal distances from the radial styloid, horizontal distances and depths of the SRN were measured. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEEs) were used to analyze the relationship between total forearm length and the longitudinal position of each landmark. Results: Total forearm length was significantly associated with proximal landmarks, La (B = 0.205, p < 0.001) and Lc (B = 0.105, p < 0.001). Although Lb also showed a significant association (B = 0.071, p = 0.019), its absolute variation was minimal. The most distal landmark Ld (B = −0.023, p = 0.610) exhibited no significant relationship. For intersection syndrome, a safe injection corridor was identified between 24.1% and 12.7% of forearm length (Level A to C), where a proximal-to-distal and dorsal-to-volar needle direction is recommended, as the SRN lies volar at this level. For De Quervain’s tenosynovitis, a volar-to-dorsal needle direction at or distal to 0.8 cm from the radial styloid (Level D) minimizes nerve contact risk. Conclusions: This study suggests a differentiated, landmark-based approach for wrist injections: utilizing proportional ratios for proximal landmarks and fixed absolute distances for distal landmarks. This individualized guide is expected to enhance procedural safety and minimize the risk of iatrogenic SRN injury. Full article

Consuming fast food draws consumers’ attention to emerging issues related to such consumption. Namely, the consumption of fast food affects environmental sustainability, healthy living, and other sustainable activities. The main objective of this study is to explore how environmental awareness, healthy living, and sustainability-oriented fast-food stimuli may influence neurophysiological response patterns during food-related cognitive processing. Eighteen voluntary subjects, aged 19 to 53 years, who frequently consume fast food and have no physical or mental disorders, took part in the experiment. An experiment was conducted in which data were collected using Electroencephalography (EEG) and analyzed with WinEEG. The waves detected from brain activity signals were digitally converted to data using WinEEG. The resulting digital data was further analyzed using Detrended Fluctuation Analysis, Neural Networks (NN) algorithms, and K Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) algorithms. Herewith, the findings suggest that fast-food-related visuals associated with healthy living may elicit stronger patterns of cognitive engagement among participants. The findings provide exploratory insights into implicit cognitive engagement associated with healthy-living and sustainability-related fast-food stimuli. Additionally, the discussion helps in understanding sustainability-oriented food perception and consumer neuroscience research. Full article

Background: High-heeled footwear is widely used by women, yet its systemic influence on spatiotemporal gait parameters, pelvic kinematics, and propulsion across a range of heel heights remains incompletely characterised. This study aimed to quantify gait changes across four footwear conditions and assess the contribution of anthropometric characteristics to observed gait variability. Methods: A within-subject repeated-measures study was conducted with 75 healthy young adult women (mean age 24.3 years, BMI 21.3 kg/m²) assessed barefoot, in ballerina flats, 8 cm heels, and 12 cm heels using the G-WALK inertial measurement system (BTS Bioengineering). Thirty gait parameters were analysed using the Friedman test with Bonferroni-corrected Wilcoxon post hoc comparisons (α_adj = 0.0083), Spearman rank correlations, multiple linear regression, and Kruskal–Wallis tertile analysis. Results: Footwear significantly affected 22 of 30 parameters. Walking speed was higher in all shod conditions than barefoot (up to +9.2%), driven entirely by stride elongation with cadence unchanged, indicating a general effect of footwear rather than heel elevation specifically. Stride length peaked at 8 cm heel (+8.9% vs. barefoot) and declined at 12 cm. Gait symmetry decreased progressively with heel height. Ballerina shoes produced a distinctively dynamic temporal profile—shortest stance duration, lowest double support, and highest single support time—significantly different from both barefoot and heeled conditions. The propulsion index increased height-dependently with heel height, rising 23.3% from barefoot (8.20) to 12 cm heel (10.11; p < 0.001). Pelvic obliquity symmetry was disrupted at 12 cm heel, while tilt symmetry was unaffected. Anthropometric analysis identified 110/600 significant Spearman correlations (23 surviving Benjamini–Hochberg FDR correction) and 29/120 significant regression models (14 surviving FDR); age, body weight, and shoe size were the most consistent predictors, most reliably in the barefoot condition. Conclusions: Heel height exerts condition-specific effects on gait biomechanics. Ballerina shoes produce a gait pattern distinct from both barefoot and heeled walking. Propulsion demand increases height dependently with heel elevation. Because participants walked in their own footwear, the observed effects reflect the combined characteristics of each shoe type rather than heel elevation in isolation. Anthropometric characteristics—particularly age, body weight, and shoe size—are modestly associated with footwear–gait responses and may inform future biomechanical research, although clinical application requires confirmation in standardised-footwear studies and clinical populations. Full article

This study aims to investigate the antecedents to ‘green personal care product’ (GPCP) awareness and purchase intention. Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and sustainable consumption (SC), a conceptual model is developed and tested. Data collected from 455 Gen Z consumers from India were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results confirmed a positive association of subjective norms, perceived behavioral control (PBC), and social media influence with attitude towards GPCPs. The findings indicate that attitude and health consciousness are positively associated with awareness, which in turn leads to purchase intention. Further, the findings support the positive role of environmental consciousness in driving consumers to engage in pro-environmental behavior. This study underscores the importance of health consciousness and environmental consciousness in driving individuals to engage in green purchase behavior. The findings from this study provide valuable insights into an individual’s attitude towards GPCPs and awareness of GPCPs, especially in the context of environmental sustainability. This study recommends actionable strategies to policymakers and marketers to advertise the benefits of consuming healthy products. The implications for theory and practice are discussed. Full article

Background/Objectives: The Indian star tortoise (Geochelone elegans) is a protected species for which physiological and molecular health indicators remain poorly characterized. This study aimed to monitor and analyze plasma proteome profiles and biochemical parameters in captive adult Indian star tortoises and to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers. Methods: Plasma samples from nine clinically healthy adult Indian star tortoises (four males and five females) maintained in captivity were subjected to biochemical profiling and proteomic analysis. Sex-related differences in biochemical parameters were evaluated, and differentially expressed proteins were mapped to Homo sapiens Reactome pathways to identify significantly enriched biological processes. Results: Plasma biochemical profiling established baseline reference values, indicating stable hepatic and metabolic function in captive tortoises. Creatinine and urea concentrations were significantly higher in females than in males (p < 0.05), suggesting sex-related differences in protein metabolism or renal function. No significant sex-related differences were observed in hepatic enzymes (ALP, ALT, AST, and GGT), muscle-associated enzymes (CK and LDH), glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, total proteins, albumin, or electrolyte concentrations (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, P, and Fe). Proteomic analysis identified 12 differentially expressed proteins, including nine upregulated and three downregulated proteins. Functional pathway analysis revealed 90 significantly enriched Reactome pathways (FDR < 0.05). Upregulated proteins were primarily associated with cytoskeletal organization (KRT75, KRT5, and KRT17), lipid transport and remodeling (APOB), coagulation (F10), extracellular transport (TTR), immune response (WFDC3), transmembrane signaling (KCP), and gamete interaction (ZAN). Downregulated proteins (C7, SERPING1, and PZP) were linked to complement activation and acute-phase response pathways. Conclusions: Captive Indian star tortoises exhibited increased cytoskeletal remodeling and coagulation activity together with reduced complement activation. These findings provide novel insights into the plasma proteome of this species and identify candidate biomarkers that may support future health assessment, physiological monitoring, and diagnostic applications in Indian star tortoises. Full article

Functional brain networks in schizophrenia (SZ) are often characterized by covariance-based measures, yet covariance matrices live on a curved geometric structure rather than in ordinary Euclidean space, complicating noise-robust inference from scalp EEG. We develop a Riemannian Geometry-based Adaptive Nonlinear Coupling Analysis (RGA-NCA) framework that integrates the affine-invariant Riemannian metric (AIRM), tangent space mapping (TSM), and an anatomically adaptive artifact rejection (AAAR) strategy accounting for regional signal-to-noise heterogeneity. The framework is grounded in the observation that Euclidean summaries of symmetric positive definite matrices are sensitive to noise-driven volume inflation, whereas geodesic distances on the manifold emphasize shape deformation. RGA-NCA was evaluated on four benchmark dynamical systems, a supplementary multichannel EEG-like sample covariance simulation, and a public button-tone SZ/HC EEG dataset associated with the auditory feedback paradigm described by Ford et al. (81 subjects; 49 SZ, 32 healthy controls). Compared with Euclidean and linear baselines, RGA-NCA showed lower sensitivity to noise-driven distance distortion and yielded clearer group-level contrasts in the tested ROI analyses; all four pre-specified frontotemporal and parietal channel pairs remained significant after Benjamini–Hochberg FDR correction. The resulting patterns are consistent with reduced long-range connectivity together with localized hyper-synchronization-like effects in SZ. Quantitatively, the Riemannian structural sensitivity index $(\mathrm{sim}=\exp (-d^2/4))$ remained high across all tested SNR levels (−20 to +10 dB; 50 Monte Carlo trials per level; range 0.936–0.964), with only a 0.026 endpoint change between +10 and −20 dB, whereas the Euclidean metric fell from 0.922 at +10 dB to 0.000 at −20 dB. These findings support Riemannian modeling as a candidate strategy for noisy covariance-based neural data, pending validation in larger independent cohorts. Full article

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 12 weeks of Astragalus membranaceus saponins (AMS) supplementation on functional performance, knee joint mobility, self-reported outcomes, and biomarkers of inflammation and cartilage in healthy subjects with knee discomfort. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in healthy subjects aged 20–70 years with knee discomfort but without clinically diagnosed knee osteoarthritis. Participants were assigned to receive one capsule of AMS or a placebo once daily for 12 weeks. The pre-specified primary endpoints were the SLSD step count and knee ROM; KOOS total score was a key secondary endpoint; serum biomarkers were exploratory. The results included functional performance assessed by the Single Leg Step Down (SLSD) test, knee range of motion (ROM), and self-reported outcomes using the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Knee ROM was measured with a goniometer and recorded as both active ROM and passive ROM for knee flexion and extension. Serum biomarkers of inflammation (IL-8, IL-1β, MIP-1α), cartilage degradation (CTX-II, COMP, MMP-13, COL2A1), and cartilage synthesis (PIINP) were evaluated at baseline and Week 12. Results: Within the AMS group, SLSD step count increased significantly by 16.83% (Δ = +12.78 steps; p < 0.05) and recovery time decreased significantly by 19.12% (Δ = −108.91 s; p < 0.05) compared with baseline, whereas the placebo group showed smaller, non-significant changes (+4.48 steps and −56.48 s, respectively); however, neither between-group difference in change scores reached statistical significance. Significant improvements in active and passive knee ROM were observed in both flexion and extension (all p < 0.05) within the AMS group, whereas the placebo group showed no significant changes. KOOSs improved significantly in all domains within the AMS group, with the largest gains observed in sport/recreation (+22.23%) and quality of life (+18.38%). In the exploratory biomarker analysis, several inflammation and cartilage-related biomarkers changed after AMS supplementation showed within-group reductions (IL-8, COMP, MMP-13) and PIINP increased. Conclusions: 12 weeks of AMS supplementation was associated with improvements in selected functional, mobility, and outcomes in generally healthy adults with self-reported knee discomfort. AMS was also associated with changes in selected circulating biomarkers related to inflammation and cartilage metabolism. These findings should be interpreted as a preliminary, safe, complementary strategy to support joint health in healthy subjects with knee discomfort. Full article