Search Results (29,875)

This study explores the artistic experiences of individuals with low vision in creating clay-based artworks at the Pandawa Social Home for Blind Sensory Disabilities in Kudus Regency, Indonesia. The research used a qualitative, descriptive-exploratory design, and fifteen participants with varying levels of visual impairment were involved. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews, observations, and analysis of their clay creations. The findings reveal that clay, with its tactile qualities, serves as an effective medium for creative expression, enabling participants to explore form through touch and pressure. This process supported the development of fine motor skills, creativity, and self-confidence while fostering emotional well-being and social interaction. Participants relied on memory, imagination, and sensory perception to produce artworks that held personal and aesthetic meaning, despite differing from conventional visual standards. The study underscores the therapeutic benefits of clay art and highlights the crucial role of supportive environments—families, educators, and art communities—in nurturing creativity and enhancing the quality of life for individuals with visual impairments. The limitations of this study include its small sample size, its single-institution approach, and its focus on clay. Future research should expand the participant pool, explore other accessible art media, and examine the long-term impact on psychosocial development. Full article

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) and several lymphoproliferative diseases. As with all herpesviruses, KSHV replicates in a biphasic manner, with the establishment of a latent, persistent infection from which reactivation occurs, resulting in the completion of the temporal lytic replication cycle and production of infectious virions. Herein, we discuss the impact of KSHV lytic replication on the host cell nucleus and nuclear-related pathways. We highlight the dramatic remodelling of the nuclear architecture driven by the formation of viral replication and transcription centres (vRTCs), and the implications for sub-nuclear organelles, and how pathways involved in DNA damage, ribosomal biogenesis and epitranscriptomic regulation are disrupted or modified during KSHV replication. These changes foster an environment favourable for KSHV replication and may provide novel targets and strategies for therapeutic intervention. Full article

Knowledge on indoor air pollution exposure is limited. Collecting high-quality measurements in home environments is challenging, owing to the complexity of sampling options, the cost and limiting disturbance to occupants. The protocol developed for the INdoor Home Air Level Exploration (INHALE) study is designed to balance these factors by sampling indoor pollution as comprehensively as possible for a single week in the living room using non-obtrusive low-moderate cost sampling devices that are issued with easy-to-follow instructions, minimising the need for researcher visits. Indoor air pollutants included in the INHALE study were selected owing to their potential impacts on human health; these include volatile organic compounds, fungal spores, fine particulate matter, nitrogen oxides and ozone. Relevant indoor factors will also be monitored, such as temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide, as a proxy for ventilation, while questionnaires collect relevant information on local environment, building characteristics and participant activities, culture and social and economic status. The protocol for the INHALE study is suitable for exposure, epidemiology and intervention studies. It contributes to the development of standardised indoor sampling protocols that can be used at scale. Full article

This research contributes to the continuing discussion on the causes of environmental degradation by investigating the impact of fiscal decentralization on environmental sustainability utilizing four measures of environmental sustainability and three measures of fiscal decentralization. The annual data from WDI, OECD, and Global Footprint Network from 1990 to 2023 is analyzed, and the auto regression distributive lag (ARDL) model is employed to calculate long-run estimates. The findings show that fiscal decentralization, technological innovation, population, and other control variables, such as foreign direct investment and trade openness, play important roles in determining environmental sustainability. Composite fiscal decentralization, expenditure, and revenue decentralization lead to decreased environmental sustainability while technological innovation improves environmental sustainability. Furthermore, population, foreign direct investment, and trade openness also negatively affect environmental sustainability. The findings suggest that more resources should be allocated for research and development to save the environment. Full article

The global construction industry faces significant environmental and social sustainability challenges that hinder its alignment with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study investigates the impact of country-level corruption and trade tariffs, and the moderating role of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) protection, on construction firm SDG engagement. A quantitative analysis was conducted using an original dataset of 195 observations of construction firms across 31 countries collected from 2003 to 2022, with SDG engagement scores derived from public sources and country and institutional data from the World Bank and the Heritage Foundation. Ordinal logistic regression tested the direct and moderated effects of corruption, tariffs, and IPR on SDG engagement, controlling for other variables. The findings reveal that higher perceived home-country corruption and higher home-country tariffs are significantly and negatively associated with company SDG engagement scores. Stronger home-country IPR protection was found to weaken the negative impact of corruption and enhance the positive effects of lower tariffs on SDG engagement. Finally, the results highlight that institutional environments have a critical role in shaping firms’ sustainability actions, suggesting that effective governance, an open trade perspective, and intellectual property protection are key enablers of corporate SDG alignment. These findings contribute to the literature by providing evidence of how institutional quality can foster responsible business strategies in the construction industry and offer practical insights for policymakers seeking to reduce barriers to sustainable development. Full article

This paper presents a systematic literature review of articles that include a life cycle assessment and sustainability assessment to measure the potential impacts of seashell waste usage in concrete production, the geographical context, and existing knowledge gaps. Concrete’s extensive production has significant environmental impacts due to resource depletion and ecosystem threats. Sustainable alternatives, like seashell waste, are explored, with life cycle assessment and sustainability analysis aiding in evaluating their environmental performance and promoting circular economy principles. Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive review of eco-concrete with seashell waste was conducted. Search strategies were refined to include related terms, and rigorous screening processes were employed for article selection and data extraction. A literature search yielded 66 articles on seashell waste in concrete, with 33 selected for review through initial and secondary screenings of studies. Studies primarily focused on seashells as an aggregate or cement substitute. Findings indicate that seashell waste as a construction material has been studied to a limited extent, with few studies utilizing life cycle assessment tools. However, some existing quantitative and qualitative sustainability analyses suggest seashell waste could be a promising and sustainable option for construction materials. Geographically, Spain leads in research, with China and Iran also prominent. Furthermore, we conducted a content analysis using Leximancer software to identify and evaluate concept maps through current research domains and emerging trends. Life cycle assessment, environment, and sustainability are common themes among the articles studied. This review also identifies limitations in bias, article heterogeneity, and search scope. Opportunities exist for a circular economy approach in cement production using seashell waste, but future research should explore its economic, environmental, and social impacts. Recommendations include expanding life cycle assessment studies, improving sustainability analyses, and using tools like the Integrated value model for sustainable evaluation. Full article

The paper focuses on exploring ways to achieve sustainability in the manufacturing process through targeted optimization and ergonomic improvements of the work environment. The introductory section emphasizes the importance of sustainability from the perspectives of worker well-being, occupational safety, and efficient resource utilization. The paper presents a digital approach to workstation design with an emphasis on sustainability, which includes the creation of a 3D model of the assembly station using SolidWorks (v.2017) and Jack software (v.8.3), where the work movements of a virtual mannequin with realistic parameters are simulated. The analytical section is dedicated to evaluating workstation ergonomics using the RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment), SSP (Static Strength Prediction), OWAS (Ovako Working Posture Analysis), and Lower Back Analysis methods, with the aim of identifying operations that reduce the sustainability of the work process due to excessive physical strain. Badly designed operations have a negative impact on sustainability in the meaning of physical workload strain (social dimension), low effectivity and quality (economic dimension), and higher resource (material, energy, transport, etc.) usage (environmental dimension). All these dimensions can be measured and expressed by number, but this paper focuses on workload only. Based on the results, specific measures were proposed with a focus on sustainability—raising the working height of pallets, optimizing the positioning of tools, and adjusting work movements. Repeated analyses after the implementation of these changes confirmed not only a reduction in physical strain and increased safety but also the enhancement of the sustainability of the working environment and processes. The results of the article clearly demonstrate that digital simulation and ergonomic design, oriented toward sustainability, are of crucial importance for the long-term efficiency and sustainable development of manufacturing organizations. The novelty of the work is in contribution to empirical validation on the role of digital twins, virtual ergonomics, and human factors in Industry 5.0 contexts, where the synergy between technological efficiency and human-centric sustainability is increasingly emphasized. The proposed approach represents a practical model for further initiatives aimed at improving the sustainability of assembly workstations. Full article

Background: The new challenges facing the healthcare sector require nursing leaders who are prepared to respond to patients’ healthcare needs and keep professionals motivated and satisfied while meeting the organisation’s objectives. To overcome these challenges, interest has grown in positive leadership styles, which in turn has sparked interest in authentic leadership. This line of thought on leadership has been predictive of various positive outcomes in the hospital context. Objective: Examine the characteristics of authentic leadership among nurses in the hospital context based on scientific evidence. Methods: Scoping review according to the Joanna Briggs Institute, consisting of three stages of research. First, a search was conducted in MEDLINE Ultimate, CINHAL Ultimate and MedicLatina through the EBSCOHost platform, LILACS and RCAAP for grey literature. Then, using the same keywords, we conducted a search in Scopus and ScienceDirect. Both searches covered the period between 2019 and 2024. Studies were included if they focused on authentic leadership in nurses working in hospital contexts; non-empirical studies, reviews, and those outside the nursing field were excluded. Results: Sixteen articles were included, 13 of which were cross-sectional, descriptive and/or correlational, 2 were quasi-experimental and 1 employed an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis approach. The Authentic Leadership Questionnaire was used in a total of 11 articles. The studies showed that authentic leadership by nurses in a hospital context is significantly associated with relevant organisational and individual variables, such as team performance, organisational commitment, job satisfaction, reduced burnout, and the promotion of healthy work environments. The data also revealed discrepancies between the perceptions of leaders and their subordinates. Conclusion: Authentic leaders have a positive impact on the quality of nursing care, patient health outcomes, professional satisfaction and motivation to lead and the achievement of healthcare institution goals. Consequently, authentic leadership is a fundamental pillar for strengthening nursing teams, promoting trust, well-being and improvements in the quality of care. Nevertheless, the strength of the evidence is limited, given the predominance of cross-sectional studies and potential contextual biases, which should be considered when interpreting the findings. Full article

Free-form grid structures offer both aesthetic appeal and structural efficiency in long-span roof design and application, yet the potential of morphological design to optimize thermal performance has been long overlooked. This study proposes a multi-objective synergistic optimization framework which can improve the thermal environment and mechanical performance simultaneously for the roof. Focusing on public buildings in hot–humid climates, the research investigates the impact of roof geometry on indoor temperature under extreme thermal loading conditions and long-term thermal loading conditions. Furthermore, the evolution of thermal performance during mechanical performance-driven surface optimization is systematically analyzed. Subsequently, a dynamic proportional adjustment factor is introduced to explore the performance of the optimized results under different performance weights, with thermal and mechanical performance serving as the optimization objectives. Results demonstrate that thermal performance-driven optimization generates saddle-shaped free-form surfaces with alternating peak–valley configurations to achieve self-shadowing effects, reducing indoor temperature by approximately 2 °C but significantly compromising structural stiffness. Conversely, strain energy minimization yields moderate indoor temperature reductions, revealing a positive correlation between strain energy decrease and thermal performance improvement. In the multi-objective optimization considering thermal and mechanical properties, when the strain energy ratio is 0.5–0.7 (optimization balance zone), the indoor temperature decreases, while the structural stiffness and stability bearing capacity increase. This study provides a morphological–structural–environmental synergistic design reference for low-carbon long-span building roofs. Full article

With the rapid development of solar thermal power generation technology, the structural stability of the dish solar concentrator system under complex wind environments has become a critical limiting factor for its large-scale application. This study investigates the flow field distribution and structural response under fluctuating wind loads using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A three-dimensional model was developed and simulated in ANSYS Fluent under varying wind angles and speed cycles. The results indicate that changes in the concentrator’s orientation significantly influence the airflow field, with the most adverse effects observed at low elevation angles (0°) and an azimuth angle of 60°. Short-period wind loads (T = 25 s) exacerbate transient impact effects of lift forces and overturning moments, markedly increasing structural fatigue risks. Long-period winds (T = 50 s) amplify cumulative drag forces and tilting moments (e.g., peak drag of −73.9 kN at β = 0°). Key parameters for wind-resistant design are identified, including critical angles and period-dependent load characteristics. Full article

Research has shown that language ability can vary enormously depending on variables such as musical ability, musical training, and second and/or foreign language experience. In this study, we simulated initial foreign language learning conditions in which learners must recognize and match unfamiliar language input. We recruited 500 participants with different levels of foreign language experience, different levels of musical training and different socio-economic backgrounds. Their auditory phonological pattern recognition ability, short-term memory (STM) capacity, musical ability, musical self-estimation, educational status, and socio-economic status (SES) were assessed. Both overall and group-specific analyses were conducted to investigate the impact of these variables. For the group-specific analysis, participants were assigned to four groups based on the presence or absence of musical training and extensive foreign language experience. For the overall analysis, regression models were applied to the entire sample to examine the combined effects of all variables. Group-specific analyses revealed that both musical training and extensive foreign language experience contributed to individual differences in the ability to recognize phonological patterns in unintelligible auditory stimuli. A key finding was that musical training appeared to have a stronger influence on auditory phonological pattern recognition than extensive foreign language experience, particularly in the early stages of language learning. This suggests that musical training may exert a greater impact on initial phonetic acquisition processes than extensive foreign language proficiency, especially when the language stimuli are relatively poor in linguistic content. The overall analysis revealed that musical variables, short-term memory capacity, socioeconomic status, and educational status all contributed to individual differences in auditory phonological pattern recognition. Notably, the most significant finding of the overall analysis was the association between SES and auditory phonological pattern recognition in unfamiliar speech—a result that challenges the notion of aptitude measures as stable and environment-independent and highlights the potential influence of environmental factors on this capacity. Full article

The main objective of the study was to evaluate the colour changes generated by outdoor exposure on spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) samples used as shingles for the roof of a traditional Maramures gate. Additionally, samples made of oak (Quercus petraea Liebl.) have been used to simulate the gate pillar. The specimens have been treated with boiled linseed oil and exposed to the outdoor environment for nine months under two different trial positions. The colour and moisture content changes in the samples have been periodically evaluated. Reactions of the samples from two species have been analysed considering three different variables, such as exposure time, treatment chemical, and positioning during their outdoor exposure. The samples vertically positioned showed fewer discolouration compared to those with inclined exposure. The total variation in colour increased as the length of exposure time increased. After nine months, the highest variation, based on the ΔE* values, was recorded in the category of untreated samples exposed at an angle of 60° to the horizontal, which showed values of ΔE* = 24.87 for oak and ΔE* = 31.16 for spruce, respectively. The oil treatment had a significant impact only on spruce samples having orthogonal exposure. The findings of this study have the potential to provide a better understanding of such species used for construction applications in relation to weathering. Full article

This article addresses the pressing need for knowledge on how digital technologies, artificial intelligence, and blockchain can revolutionize opportunities in the marine economy and sustainably support business while balancing environmental protection and economic growth, and legal instruments and policy innovations for marine environmental protection. However, implementation, legal, and governance concerns still exist. This study discusses the development and challenges of these technologies according to their environmental, economic, business, and regulatory dimensions, following a literature review of more than 100 peer-reviewed articles, books, and a synthesis of global shipping policies, risk, policymakers, industry experts, and environmental scientists. The findings highlight the need for aligned international regulations to strike a balance between innovation and environmental goals, risks, and technology. This study introduces an innovative governance assessment framework, bridging the gap between technology scalability and equitable policy responses, as well as the environmental impact and ecosystem balance. We conclude with actionable recommendations for policymakers and companies to harness digital innovations while strategizing for long-term sustainability in the maritime sector and aligning UN Sustainable Development Goals with the principles of maritime law, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and the United Nations Environment Programme Regional Seas Programme, offering ways to mitigate governance fragmentation. This study informs interdisciplinary discussion by bridging technical feasibility and legal feasibility, providing actionable suggestions to policymakers to reconcile digital innovation with the sustainability of the marine ecosystem. Full article

Grassland ecosystems in arid regions are critical for ecological balance and human livelihoods but face threats from degradation and climate change. Weideverbot (grazing prohibition) is widely adopted for restoration, yet its impact on fire risk in extreme arid environments remains unclear. This study investigates how grazing prohibition affects fire risk in Turpan, China—a hyper-arid region with 16 mm annual precipitation—by analyzing vegetation dynamics (2000–2023) and fire records. To quantify changes in fuel properties and fire risk, we integrated remote sensing data (MODIS-derived Net Primary Productivity [NPP], Fractional Vegetation Cover [FVC], and Normalized Difference Moisture Index [NDMI]) and field observations, complemented by meteorological data (temperature, precipitation, potential evapotranspiration) and local fire records. We used paired-sample t-tests to compare vegetation metrics before (2000–2010) and after (2011–2023) Weideverbot, with Cohen’s d to assess effect sizes. The results show that Weideverbot significantly increases net primary productivity (NPP: 92 to 109 g C·m⁻²·yr⁻¹, Cohen’s d > 0.8) and fractional vegetation cover (FVC: 18% to 22%, Cohen’s d > 0.8), enhancing fuel load and connectivity. Vegetation water content shows no significant change (Cohen’s d < 0.2). Post-prohibition, fire frequency increased ~8-fold, driven by elevated fuel availability and regional warming/aridification. These findings indicate that Weideverbot exacerbates fire risk in hyper-arid grasslands by altering fuel dynamics. Balancing restoration and fire management requires adaptive strategies like moderate grazing, tailored to local aridity and vegetation traits. Full article

Urban land subsidence, a globally prevalent environmental problem and geohazard triggered by rapid urbanization, threatens ecological security and socioeconomic stability. Chongqing City in southwestern China, recognized as the world’s largest mountainous city, has encountered land subsidence challenges exacerbated by accelerated urban construction. This study proposes an effective method for extracting urbanization intensity by integrating Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, and its derived synthetic aperture radar and spectral indices features, combined with texture features. The small baseline subset interferometric synthetic aperture radar technique was employed to monitor land subsidence in Chongqing between 2018 and 2024. Furthermore, the relationships among urbanization intensity, metro construction, groundwater dynamics, and land subsidence were systematically analyzed. Finally, geographical detector and multiscale geographically weighted regression models were employed to explore the interactive effects of anthropogenic, topographic, geological-tectonic, climatic, and land surface characteristic factors contributing to land subsidence. The findings reveal that (1) the method proposed in this paper can effectively extract urbanization intensity and provide an important approach to analyze the influence of urbanization on land subsidence. (2) Land subsidence along newly opened metro lines was more pronounced than along existing lines. The shorter the interval between metro construction completion and the start of operation, the greater the subsidence observed within the first 3 months of operation, which indicates that this interval influences land subsidence. (3) Overall, groundwater dynamics and land subsidence showed a clear correlation from June 2022 to June 2023, a phenomenon largely caused by the extreme summer high temperatures of 2022, triggering reduced precipitation and a notable groundwater decline. Beyond this period, however, only a weak correlation was observed between groundwater fluctuations and land subsidence trends, indicating that other factors likely dominated subsidence dynamics. (4) The anthropogenic factors have a higher relative influence on land subsidence than other drivers. In terms of q-value, the top six factors are road network density > precipitation > elevation > enhanced normalized difference impervious surface index > population density > nighttime light, while distance to fault exhibits the least explanatory power. Given Chongqing’s exemplary status as a mountainous city, this study offers a foundational reference for subsequent quantitative analyses of land subsidence and its drivers in other mountainous cities worldwide. Full article