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18 pages, 3236 KiB  
Article
Integrative Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Insights Into Saline-Alkali Stress Tolerance in Foxtail Millet
by Mengxia Han, Qing Tan, Yulu Yang, Hui Zhang, Xingchun Wang and Xukai Li
Plants 2025, 14(11), 1602; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14111602 (registering DOI) - 24 May 2025
Abstract
Foxtail millet (Setaria italica), a cereal crop in China, is renowned for its resilience to abiotic stresses, including saline-alkali conditions. This study examined the transcriptomic and metabolomic responses of two contrasting foxtail millet varieties, B103 (tolerant) and B323 (sensitive), under saline-alkali [...] Read more.
Foxtail millet (Setaria italica), a cereal crop in China, is renowned for its resilience to abiotic stresses, including saline-alkali conditions. This study examined the transcriptomic and metabolomic responses of two contrasting foxtail millet varieties, B103 (tolerant) and B323 (sensitive), under saline-alkali stress. Physiological analysis showed that B103 exhibited higher growth parameters and chlorophyll content than B323, highlighting its enhanced tolerance. Transcriptomic analysis identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) enriched in stress-response pathways such as phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid metabolism and calcium signaling. Metabolomic profiling revealed differentially accumulated metabolites (DMs) involved in energy and secondary metabolism, including citrate, fumarate and flavonoids. Integration of DEGs and DMs revealed key gene-metabolite interactions, particularly those involving the nicotinamide compound and three candidate genes Si9g20070, Si7g22360 and Si5g39810, for future functional validation, which may contribute to stress adaptation. Dynamic clustering of gene expression trends highlighted the importance of rapid stress responses. These findings establish a molecular framework for understanding saline-alkali stress tolerance and provide genetic resources for developing stress-resilient foxtail millet varieties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Plant Physiology and Metabolism)
16 pages, 834 KiB  
Review
The Dynamic Remodeling of Plant Cell Wall in Response to Heat Stress
by Chengchen Lu, Wenfei Li, Xiaomeng Feng, Jiarui Chen, Shijie Hu, Yirui Tan and Leiming Wu
Genes 2025, 16(6), 628; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16060628 (registering DOI) - 24 May 2025
Abstract
Heat stress has a significant negative impact on plant growth, development, and yield. The cell wall, a key structural feature that sets plants apart from animals, not only acts as the first physical barrier against heat stress but also plays an active role [...] Read more.
Heat stress has a significant negative impact on plant growth, development, and yield. The cell wall, a key structural feature that sets plants apart from animals, not only acts as the first physical barrier against heat stress but also plays an active role in the heat stress (HS) response through signaling pathways. The plant cell wall has a complex structural composition, including cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin. These components not only provide mechanical support for cell growth but also constitute the material basis for plant response to environmental changes. This review summarizes recent research on how the cell wall’s structural composition affects its mechanical properties in response to stresses. It examines changes in plant cell walls under HS and the adaptive mechanisms leading to cell wall thickening. Additionally, it explores the role of cell wall integrity in sensing and transmitting HS, along with the molecular mechanisms that maintain this integrity. Finally, it addresses unresolved scientific questions regarding plant cell wall responses to HS. This review aims to provide a theoretical foundation and research direction for enhancing plant thermotolerance through genetic improvement of the cell wall. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic Modification of Plant Cell Wall and Bioenergy Crop Breeding)
10 pages, 576 KiB  
Viewpoint
THSD1 Is a Multifaceted Regulator in Health and Disease
by Mengjun Dai, Kuizhi Qu, Sophie Liu, Zhen Xu and Yan-Ning Rui
Biomedicines 2025, 13(6), 1292; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13061292 (registering DOI) - 24 May 2025
Abstract
Thrombospondin Type 1 Domain-Containing Protein 1 (THSD1) is a transmembrane protein increasingly recognized for its critical roles in vascular biology and disease pathogenesis. Initially identified as a marker of hematopoietic stem and endothelial cells during embryogenesis, THSD1 has since been implicated in a [...] Read more.
Thrombospondin Type 1 Domain-Containing Protein 1 (THSD1) is a transmembrane protein increasingly recognized for its critical roles in vascular biology and disease pathogenesis. Initially identified as a marker of hematopoietic stem and endothelial cells during embryogenesis, THSD1 has since been implicated in a wide spectrum of physiological and pathological processes. This paper consolidates current knowledge on THSD1, with a focus on its roles in vascular integrity, perinatal disorders, and tumorigenesis. In vascular systems, THSD1 promotes focal adhesion assembly and suppresses autophagy-mediated adhesion turnover, thereby stabilizing endothelial attachment and maintaining barrier function. Genetic and functional studies support its protective role against intracranial aneurysms and hemorrhagic vascular disorders. THSD1 mutations have also been linked to perinatal disorders such as nonimmune hydrops fetalis and congenital vascular anomalies, suggesting a broader role in embryonic vascular patterning. Moreover, emerging evidence indicates that THSD1 acts as a tumor and metastasis suppressor, with potential anti-angiogenic properties, although its role in cancer remains to be fully defined. This paper not only consolidates existing knowledge but also identifies critical research gaps, providing a robust foundation for future investigations into the biology and clinical relevance of THSD1. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Cell Biology and Pathology)
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16 pages, 9668 KiB  
Article
Population Genomics, Virulence Traits, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Streptococcus suis Isolated in China
by Yuying Li, Bin Ma, Xue Jia, Yanxi Wan, Shiting Ni, Guosheng Chen, Xin Zong, Hui Jin, Jinquan Li and Chen Tan
Microorganisms 2025, 13(6), 1197; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13061197 - 23 May 2025
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a significant zoonotic pathogen of public health importance. In this study, whole-genome sequencing of 177 isolates of Streptococcus suis, isolated from diseased swine across 15 provinces in China between 2017 and 2019, was performed. A total of 23 serotypes [...] Read more.
Streptococcus suis is a significant zoonotic pathogen of public health importance. In this study, whole-genome sequencing of 177 isolates of Streptococcus suis, isolated from diseased swine across 15 provinces in China between 2017 and 2019, was performed. A total of 23 serotypes and 28 ST types were identified, with serotypes 2 and 3 comprising 50.8% of the isolates, and sequence types ST353 and ST117 accounting for 23.7%. Clustering analysis based on known virulence-associated factors (VAFs) resulted in the identification of four distinct clusters, and virulence was assessed using animal models, including a unique, highly virulent cluster designated as cluster I. Drug susceptibility testing indicated that 97.7% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant. A total of 26 resistance-associated genes were identified within the genome, 18 of which were associated with integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) and/or integrative mobilizable elements (IMEs). Nevertheless, our understanding of suis virulence in terms of phylogeny remains incomplete. This study contributes to the understanding of the population structure and genetic characteristics of suis, provides a framework and novel partitioning approach for future investigations into its virulence and pathogenicity, and complements the data on antibiotic resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Veterinary Microbiology)
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19 pages, 1976 KiB  
Review
Decoding Neuromuscular Disorders: The Complex Role of Genetic and Epigenetic Regulators
by Bladimir Roque-Ramírez, Karla Estefanía Ríos-López and Luz Berenice López-Hernández
Genes 2025, 16(6), 622; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16060622 - 23 May 2025
Abstract
Neuromuscular disorders (NMDs), such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), and muscular dystrophies (e.g., Duchenne muscular dystrophy, DMD), are primarily driven by genetic mutations but are critically modulated by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNA [...] Read more.
Neuromuscular disorders (NMDs), such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), and muscular dystrophies (e.g., Duchenne muscular dystrophy, DMD), are primarily driven by genetic mutations but are critically modulated by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNA activity. These epigenetic processes contribute to phenotypic variability and disease progression, and emerging evidence suggests that environmental factors, particularly nutrition and exercise, may further influence the molecular pathways that modulate these diseases. Dietary bioactive compounds (e.g., polyphenols and omega-3 fatty acids) exhibit epigenetic modulatory properties, which could mitigate oxidative stress, inflammation, and muscle degeneration in NMDs. For example, the inhibition of DNMTs and HDACs by curcumin in ALS models and the promyogenic effects of green tea catechins in DMD suggest plausible, though still requiring investigation, therapeutic avenues. However, the clinical application of nutriepigenetic interventions is preliminary and requires further validation. This review examines the interaction of genetic and epigenetic factors in ALS, SMA, and muscular dystrophies, highlighting their combined role in the heterogeneity of these diseases. Integrative therapeutic strategies combining gene therapies, epigenetic modulators, and lifestyle interventions may offer a multidimensional approach to the management of NMD. A deeper understanding of these interactions will be essential for advancing precision medicine and improving patient outcomes. Full article
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16 pages, 2886 KiB  
Article
Oleuropein Regulates Bile Acid Metabolism via Modulating the Gut Microbiota, Thereby Alleviating DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice
by Rongxin Zang, Rui Zhou, Yaodong Li, Zhouliang Liu, Huihao Wu, Liping Lu and Hongwei Xu
Foods 2025, 14(11), 1863; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14111863 - 23 May 2025
Abstract
The pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) involves genetic, immunological, and environmental factors as well as gut microbiota dysbiosis. As a natural antioxidant with various pharmacological activities widely present in Oleaceae plants, oleuropein (OLE) exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antiviral, hypoglycemic, and cardioprotective effects. It has [...] Read more.
The pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) involves genetic, immunological, and environmental factors as well as gut microbiota dysbiosis. As a natural antioxidant with various pharmacological activities widely present in Oleaceae plants, oleuropein (OLE) exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antiviral, hypoglycemic, and cardioprotective effects. It has been validated that OLE extracted from olive oil can ameliorate UC. However, it remains unclear if and how OLE modulates the gut microbiota in the alleviation of UC. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the mechanisms for OLE to alleviate UC induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), with the focus placed on its regulatory function in the gut microbiota. The results indicated that OLE mitigated DSS-induced UC by enhancing the intestinal barrier function, reshaping the gut microbiota, and modulating bile acid metabolism. The fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiment results further confirmed that the protective effect of OLE against UC could be mediated by alterations in the gut microbiota and their metabolites induced by OLE. Additionally, OLE increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and certain bile acid metabolites in the colon, including hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA). HDCA could upregulate the expression of ZO-1 and claudin-3, restoring intestinal barrier integrity. Simultaneously, HDCA could inhibit the activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in the colon and relieve colonic inflammation. Overall, it was corroborated that OLE alleviated DSS-induced UC by modulating the gut microbiota and altering bile acid metabolism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Benefits of Antioxidants in Natural Foods)
23 pages, 1824 KiB  
Article
Intelligent Optimization Method for Rebar Cutting in Pump Stations Based on Genetic Algorithm and BIM
by Xiang Fu, Kecheng Ji, Yali Zhang, Qiang Xie and Jiayu Huang
Buildings 2025, 15(11), 1790; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15111790 - 23 May 2025
Abstract
As the construction industry shifts from an extensive development model to one characterized by intelligent structural systems, the imperative to enhance productivity and management efficiency has emerged as a critical challenge. Conventional rebar construction processes heavily rely on manual operations—such as on-site rebar [...] Read more.
As the construction industry shifts from an extensive development model to one characterized by intelligent structural systems, the imperative to enhance productivity and management efficiency has emerged as a critical challenge. Conventional rebar construction processes heavily rely on manual operations—such as on-site rebar cutting, manual transcription of material lists, and decentralized processing—which are susceptible to subjective errors and often result in significant material waste. This issue is particularly pronounced in large-scale projects, where disorganized management of rebar quantities and placements exacerbates inefficiencies. To address these challenges, this study proposes an integrated approach that synergistically combines a genetic algorithm-based rebar-cutting optimization model with BIM technology, thereby optimizing rebar management throughout the construction process. The research is structured into two primary components. Firstly, a one-dimensional mathematical model for rebar-cutting optimization is developed, incorporating an innovative real-number encoding strategy within the genetic algorithm framework to maximize material utilization. A case study conducted on a pump station project reveals that the utilization rates for 32 mm and 16 mm rebar reach 86.76% and 93.90%, respectively, significantly exceeding the industry standard of 80%. Secondly, an automated batch modeling tool is developed using C# and the Revit API, which enables the efficient generation of rebar components; a unique coding system is employed to establish a bidirectional mapping between the digital model and the physical rebar, ensuring precise positioning and effective information management. Overall, this integrated method—encompassing rebar-cutting optimization, digital modeling, and on-site intelligent management—not only mitigates material waste and reduces production costs but also markedly enhances construction efficiency and accuracy in complex projects, thereby providing robust technical support for the seamless integration of intelligent construction and industrialized building practices. Full article
16 pages, 1474 KiB  
Article
Genomic Insights into Carbapenem-Resistant Organisms Producing New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase in Live Poultry Markets
by Xueqiang Xin, Yi Yin, Jiayong Kong, Mianzhi Wang, Zhiqiang Wang and Ruichao Li
Microorganisms 2025, 13(6), 1195; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13061195 - 23 May 2025
Abstract
New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) is an enzyme that can degrade a wide range of β-lactam antibiotics. The widespread dissemination of the blaNDM gene, which encodes NDM, in animal-derived settings poses a threat to public health security. Live poultry markets represent critical nodes [...] Read more.
New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) is an enzyme that can degrade a wide range of β-lactam antibiotics. The widespread dissemination of the blaNDM gene, which encodes NDM, in animal-derived settings poses a threat to public health security. Live poultry markets represent critical nodes in public health surveillance. However, there is currently limited reporting on the spread of the blaNDM gene within these markets under the One Health approach. This study investigated the prevalence of the blaNDM gene in live poultry markets and, by integrating newly sequenced genomes with publicly available database entries, performed an in-depth analysis of its association networks with other genetic elements across species. A total of 233 blaNDM-positive strains, comprising 218 Escherichia coli strains, 4 Enterobacter cloacae strains, 7 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 2 Klebsiella aerogenes, 1 Providencia rettgeri, and 1 Proteus mirabilis were isolated from two live poultry markets in Jiangsu, China. Among the blaNDM-positive strains, multiple variants were identified, primarily blaNDM-5, followed by blaNDM-1, blaNDM-13, blaNDM-27, and blaNDM-39. The coexistence of blaNDM-5 and mcr-1 was detected in five E. coli strains. Additionally, we found one E. coli strain in which blaNDM-5 coexisted with estT and tet(X4), and another E. coli strain where blaNDM-5 coexisted with estT. Spearman correlation analysis of publicly available genomes revealed that the genetic element preferences of blaNDM variants vary significantly across species (|R| > 0.3, p < 0.05). The element preferences of E. coli strains carrying blaNDM-5 are similar to those of Klebsiella pneumoniae harboring blaNDM-1. In Klebsiella aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, and Proteus mirabilis, strains carrying blaNDM-1, have opposite genetic element preferences when compared with strains harboring blaNDM-5 or blaNDM-7. Notably, we report the first evidence of the blaNDM-1 gene transfer mediated by ISKpn13, ISSpu2, and MITEKpn1. The findings highlight that live poultry markets are important transmission hotspots of AMR and thus require continuous surveillance. Full article
23 pages, 6905 KiB  
Article
Separation-of-Function Alleles of smc-5 Reveal Domain-Specific Defects and a Conserved Residue Critical for Genome Maintenance
by Haiyan Yuan, Arome Solomon Odiba, Guiyan Liao, Ziteng Zhou, Wenxia Fang, Cheng Jin, Shaojun Li, Xihui Liu and Bin Wang
Biomolecules 2025, 15(6), 755; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15060755 - 23 May 2025
Abstract
The SMC-5/6 complex safeguards genome stability through the coordinated action of its core SMC proteins and associated NSE subunits. NSE-1 is a key component of the complex and is essential for DNA repair, yet it remains poorly characterized in Caenorhabditis elegans. To [...] Read more.
The SMC-5/6 complex safeguards genome stability through the coordinated action of its core SMC proteins and associated NSE subunits. NSE-1 is a key component of the complex and is essential for DNA repair, yet it remains poorly characterized in Caenorhabditis elegans. To further elucidate the functional mechanisms of NSE-1, we performed an EMS-based forward genetic screen in an nse-1::gfp(wsh1) reporter strain to identify mutants with defective NSE-1 expression or nuclear localization. We isolated three mutants; smc-5(wsh31), smc-5(wsh32), and smc-5(wsh33), that display impaired NSE-1::GFP nuclear localization. SNP mapping and whole-genome sequencing revealed three novel smc-5 alleles: two truncations, alleles smc-5(wsh31) (C587*) and smc-5(wsh32) (Q655*), and one missense variant, smc-5(wsh33) (Y975D), each altering a highly conserved residue in the SMC domain. All three mutants exhibited significantly reduced brood size, progeny viability, and slightly elevated male percentages. Phenotypic characterization revealed that the truncations completely abrogate NSE-1::GFP nuclear localization, whereas the missense allele causes stage-dependent, partial mislocalization. Functional assays further demonstrated allele-specific and developmental stage-dependent hypersensitivities to DNA-damaging agents (MMS, HU, and cisplatin). These separation-of-function smc-5 alleles underscore the importance of domains and conserved residues in complex integrity and genome maintenance, and provide powerful genetic tools to dissect SMC-5/6 functions in vivo. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Genetics)
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14 pages, 498 KiB  
Article
Public Awareness and Perceptions of Longevity Determinants in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study (2024–2025)
by Lamah Allehaibi, Lamia Abuhaimed, Bashaer Hakami, Ayman Alotaibi, Sarah Alabbasi, Zain Alsharif, Taif Alayyafi, Asayel Alamri, Rawan Althaqil and Mohammed Alnuhait
Healthcare 2025, 13(11), 1229; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13111229 - 23 May 2025
Abstract
Introduction: Longevity is increasingly recognized as the result of modifiable lifestyle, environmental, and social factors rather than genetics alone. While global interest in healthy aging is growing, public awareness of these determinants remains understudied in the Middle East. This study aimed to [...] Read more.
Introduction: Longevity is increasingly recognized as the result of modifiable lifestyle, environmental, and social factors rather than genetics alone. While global interest in healthy aging is growing, public awareness of these determinants remains understudied in the Middle East. This study aimed to assess public awareness and perceptions of longevity-related factors among adults in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between November 2024 and January 2025 targeting residents of Saudi Arabia aged 18 and above. A researcher-validated questionnaire explored awareness across various domains, including lifestyle, environment, genetics, sleep, and religious beliefs. Perceptions were assessed using a series of items measuring beliefs about the influence of lifestyle, environmental, technological, and cultural factors on health and longevity. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze responses from 395 participants. Results: The sample included 395 participants, with 67.8% females and more than half (51.4%) aged 18–25 years. The participants exhibited high awareness of key lifestyle factors; greater than 88% acknowledged the role of sleep, and more than 90% recognized the importance of exercise and nutrition. However, fewer were aware of environmental (72.2%) or social determinants, and nearly half believed that genetic factors exert a primary influence on longevity. Higher awareness was significantly associated with behaviors like regular exercise (p = 0.004), dietary supplement use (p = 0.002), and recognition of the importance of sleep (p < 0.001). Younger adults showed higher awareness than older adults, while there were no significant differences in regards to gender, education, and income. Support for incorporating religious themes into health campaigns was also linked to greater awareness. Insurance status and chronic illness were not associated with awareness levels. Conclusions: While awareness of lifestyle-related longevity factors is strong, gaps remain in understanding broader influences such as environmental and social determinants. Culturally grounded public health strategies that integrate religious framing and emphasize actionable, evidence-based behaviors may enhance community engagement and support healthy aging across Saudi Arabia. Full article
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15 pages, 15315 KiB  
Article
Colorectal Cancer Biomarker Identification via Joint DNA-Methylation and Transcriptomics Analysis Workflow
by Olajumoke B. Oladapo and Marmar R. Moussa
Genes 2025, 16(6), 620; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16060620 - 23 May 2025
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a term that refers to the combination of colon and rectal cancer as they are being treated as a single tumor. In CRC, 72% of tumors are colon cancer, while the other 28% represent rectal cancer. CRC [...] Read more.
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a term that refers to the combination of colon and rectal cancer as they are being treated as a single tumor. In CRC, 72% of tumors are colon cancer, while the other 28% represent rectal cancer. CRC is a multifactorial disease caused by both genetic and epigenetic changes in the colon mucosal cells, affecting the oncogenes, DNA repair genes, and tumor suppressor genes. Currently, two DNA methylation-based biomarkers for CRC have received FDA approval: SEPT9, used in blood-based screening tests, and a combination of NDRG4 and BMP3 for stool-based tests. Although DNA methylation biomarkers have been explored in colorectal cancer (CRC), the identification of robust and clinically valuable biomarkers remains a challenge, particularly for early-stage detection and precancerous lesions. Patients often receive diagnoses at the locally advanced stage, which limits the potential utility of current biomarkers in clinical settings. Methods: The datasets used in this study were retrieved from the GEO database, specifically GSE75548 and GSE75546 for rectal cancer and GSE50760 and GSE101764 for colon cancer, summing up to a total of 130 paired samples. These datasets represent expression profiling by array, methylation profiling by genome tiling array, and expression profiling by high-throughput sequencing and include rectal and colon cancer samples paired with adjacent normal tissue samples. Differential analysis was used to identify differentially methylated CPG sites (DMCs) and identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Results: From the integration of DMCs with DEGs in colorectal cancer, we identified 150 candidates for methylation-regulated genes (MRGs) with two genes common across all cohorts (GNG7 and PDX1) highlighted as candidate biomarkers in CRC. The functional enrichment analysis and protein–protein interactions (PPIs) identified relevant pathways involved in CRC, including the Wnt signaling pathway, extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, among other enriched pathways. Conclusions: Our findings show the strength of our in silco computational approach in jointly identifying methylation-regulated biomarkers for colon cancer and highlight several genes and pathways as biomarker candidates for further investigations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics)
19 pages, 314 KiB  
Review
Current Status of Precision Medicine in Colorectal Cancer in Japan
by Yoshiki Kojitani and Masayuki Takeda
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(11), 5029; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26115029 - 23 May 2025
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major health burden in Japan, with precision medicine playing an increasingly critical role in treatment optimization. Key biomarkers, including RAS, BRAF, microsatellite instability/mismatch repair, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, can be used as a [...] Read more.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major health burden in Japan, with precision medicine playing an increasingly critical role in treatment optimization. Key biomarkers, including RAS, BRAF, microsatellite instability/mismatch repair, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, can be used as a guide for molecularly targeted therapies and immunotherapy. Advances in molecular diagnostics, including comprehensive genomic profiling, have enabled more precise treatment selection such as RET and NTRK fusions. Nationwide initiatives, such as c-CAT and SCRUM-Japan, can leverage real-world data to refine clinical strategies. Recent developments in circulating tumor DNA analysis have led to novel approaches for minimal residual disease monitoring, as demonstrated by the CIRCULATE-Japan GALAXY study. However, certain challenges persist, including the time required for genetic testing, the limited availability of targeted therapies, and disparities in access to molecular tumor boards. This review summarizes the current landscape of precision medicine in CRC in Japan, emphasizing key biomarkers, genetic testing strategies, targeted therapies, and emerging technologies. Future research should focus on expanding clinical trial access, accelerating drug approvals, and integrating real-world data into clinical practice to further advance precision medicine. Full article
21 pages, 3041 KiB  
Article
Optimizing Subsurface Drainage Pipe Layout Parameters in Southern Xinjiang’s Saline–Alkali Soils: Impacts on Soil Salinity Dynamics and Oil Sunflower Growth Performance
by Guangning Wang, Han Guo, Qing Zhu, Dong An, Zhenliang Song and Liang Ma
Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 4797; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17114797 - 23 May 2025
Abstract
This study addresses secondary soil salinization driven by shallow groundwater in the Yanqi Basin of southern Xinjiang, focusing on subsurface drainage system (SDS) optimization for salt regulation and oil sunflower productivity improvement in severe saline–alkali soils. Through controlled field experiments conducted (May–October 2024), [...] Read more.
This study addresses secondary soil salinization driven by shallow groundwater in the Yanqi Basin of southern Xinjiang, focusing on subsurface drainage system (SDS) optimization for salt regulation and oil sunflower productivity improvement in severe saline–alkali soils. Through controlled field experiments conducted (May–October 2024), we evaluated five SDS configurations: control (CK, no drainage) and four drain spacing/depth combinations (20/40 m × 1.2/1.5 m). Comprehensive monitoring revealed distinct spatiotemporal patterns, with surface salt accumulation (0–20 cm: 18.59–32.94 g·kg−1) consistently exceeding subsurface levels (>20–200 cm: 6.79–17.69 g·kg−1). The A3 configuration (20 m spacing, 1.5 m depth) demonstrated optimal root zone desalination (0–60 cm: 14.118 g·kg−1), achieving 39.02% salinity reduction compared to CK (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed strong depth-dependent inverse correlations between groundwater level and soil salinity (R2 = 0.529–0.919), with burial depth exhibiting 1.7-fold greater regulatory influence than spacing parameters (p < 0.01). Crop performance followed salinity gradients (A3 > A1 > A4 > A2 > CK), showing significant yield improvements across all SDS treatments versus CK (p < 0.05). Multi-criteria optimization integrating TOPSIS modeling and genetic algorithms identified A3 as the Pareto-optimal solution. The optimized configuration (20 m spacing, 1.5 m depth) effectively stabilized aquifer dynamics, reduced topsoil salinization (0–60 cm), and enhanced crop adaptability in silt loam soils. This research establishes an engineering framework for sustainable saline–alkali soil remediation in arid basin agroecosystems, providing critical insights for water–soil management in similar ecoregions. Full article
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4 pages, 177 KiB  
Editorial
The Evolving Landscape of Childhood Histiocytosis: A Decade of Discovery and Innovation
by Maurizio Aricò
Pediatr. Rep. 2025, 17(3), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17030062 - 23 May 2025
Abstract
Over the past decade, the field of childhood histiocytosis, particularly Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), has undergone transformative changes. The integration of molecular genetics, targeted therapies, and refined diagnostic methodologies has revolutionized patient management and redefined disease classification. This editorial provides a comprehensive overview [...] Read more.
Over the past decade, the field of childhood histiocytosis, particularly Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), has undergone transformative changes. The integration of molecular genetics, targeted therapies, and refined diagnostic methodologies has revolutionized patient management and redefined disease classification. This editorial provides a comprehensive overview of the pivotal developments from 2015 to 2025, highlights ongoing challenges, and explores future directions in research and clinical care. Full article
21 pages, 4304 KiB  
Article
The Optimal Dispatch for a Flexible Distribution Network Equipped with Mobile Energy Storage Systems and Soft Open Points
by Yu Ji, Ying Zhang, Lei Chen, Juan Zuo, Wenbo Wang and Chongxin Xu
Energies 2025, 18(11), 2701; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18112701 - 23 May 2025
Abstract
This paper proposes a flexible distribution network operation optimization strategy considering mobile energy storage system (MESS) integration. With the increasing penetration of renewable energy in power systems, its stochastic and intermittent characteristics pose significant challenges to grid stability. This study introduces an MESS, [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a flexible distribution network operation optimization strategy considering mobile energy storage system (MESS) integration. With the increasing penetration of renewable energy in power systems, its stochastic and intermittent characteristics pose significant challenges to grid stability. This study introduces an MESS, which has both spatial and temporal controllability, and soft open point (SOP) technology to build a co-scheduling framework. The aim is to achieve rational power distribution across spatial and temporal scales. In this paper, a case study uses a regional road network in Chengdu coupled with an IEEE 33-node standard grid, and the model is solved using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm III (NSGA-III) algorithm. The simulation results show that the use of the MESS and SOP co-dispatch in the grid not only reduces the net loss and total voltage deviation but also obtains considerable economic benefits. In particular, the net load peak-to-valley difference is reduced by 20.1% and the total voltage deviation is reduced by 52.9%. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed model in improving the stability and economy of the grid. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Power Science and Technology, 2nd Edition)
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