Search Results (273)

Postmenopausal women with obesity often show blood abnormalities and low plasma volume, which reduce aerobic capacity and raise health risks. The purpose is to compare the effects of high-intensity (HIIWT) versus moderate-intensity interval walking training (MIIWT) on body composition, plasma volume variations (PVV), hematological parameters, muscle damage, and aerobic capacity in postmenopausal women with overweight/obesity. Thirty-two postmenopausal women with overweight/obesity were randomly assigned to HIIWT (n = 11), MIIWT (n = 11), or control (CON, n = 10) groups. The HIIWT and MIIWT groups performed intermittent walking at 90–110% and 60–80% of their 6-min-walk-test (6MWT) distance, respectively, four times per week for 10 weeks. Body composition, hematological and muscle damage markers, and 6MWT performance were assessed pre- and post-intervention. After ten weeks, PVV was calculated in all three groups. A significant group × time interaction was observed for body composition, erythrocytes, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit, creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and 6MWT performance (p < 0.05). Both the HIIWT and MIIWT groups showed significant reductions in body mass, body fat, waist circumference (p < 0.05), and erythrocyte count (p = 0.010 and 0.028, respectively). Only the HIIWT group showed significant reductions in hemoglobin (p < 0.001), hematocrit (p = 0.005), CK (p = 0.002), and LDH (p = 0.009), along with a significant increase in 6MWT-performance (p = 0.002). The HIIWT group demonstrated a significantly greater increase in PVV compared to both MIIWT (p = 0.018) and CON (p < 0.001) groups. HIIWT induced superior improvements in body composition, aerobic capacity, plasma volume, and hematological and muscle-damage markers compared to MIIWT. HIIWT represents a practical strategy for improving health outcomes in postmenopausal women with overweight/obesity. Full article

The global energy transition demands solutions that balance intermittent renewable energy generation while decarbonizing heat and power sectors. Hydrogen has appeared as a versatile energy carrier, enabling sector coupling across electricity, heat, and industry. This work explores the integration of hydrogen into combined heat and power (CHP) systems, with a regional focus on Saarland, Germany. It depicts H₂-ready technologies including combustion engines, gas turbines, and fuel cells, and introduces a custom Python-based (Version 3.13) techno-economic optimization model to simulate multi-energy system operations. The analysis reveals that high hydrogen costs, electricity price volatility, and market design significantly constrain economic viability. However, Saarland’s industrial structure and cross-border infrastructure projects offer strategic opportunities for scalable hydrogen deployment. The article concludes with targeted recommendations for technology development, policy reform, and regional replication, positioning hydrogen CHP as a flexible and decarbonizing solution in energy-intensive regions. Full article

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of intermittent high-intensity badminton court exercise on cardiac autonomic modulation in male non-elite badminton players. Methods: This study employed a single-arm, repeated-measures experimental design, recruiting 25 healthy male collegiate badminton players. Participants completed five sets of high-intensity intermittent court tests until exhaustion, followed by calculation of stress index (SI), time-domain (RMSSD and SDNN), and frequency-domain (LF, HF, and LF/HF ratio) parameters at rest using a certified heart rate variability (HRV) analyzer. Repeated-measures ANOVA and effect size (partial η² and Hedges’ g) were used to assess changes and recovery trends of HRV parameters across time points: pre-test, immediate, 15 min, 24 h, and 48 h post-exercise. Results: (1) Stress index: The overall temporal trend showed statistical significance (p < 0.001, partial η² = 0.236, large effect size). Compared to pre-test, immediate and 15 min post-exercise increases were 8.24 (95% CI: 0.63–15.85) and 9.84 (95% CI: 3.07–16.61) respectively, with Hedges’ g values of 0.77 and 0.99 (p < 0.001, large effect sizes). Values returned to pre-test levels at 24 and 48 h with no significant differences (p > 0.05). (2) Time-domain parameters: The overall temporal trend was statistically significant (p < 0.001, partial η² = 0.553 for RMSSD and 0.586 for SDNN, both large effect sizes). Immediate post-exercise decreases in RMSSD and SDNN were 35.44 (95% CI: 21.95, 48.93) and 48.44 (95% CI: 32.49, 64.38) respectively, with Hedges’ g values of 2.31 and 2.78 (p < 0.001, large effect sizes). At 15 min, decreases were 31.64 (17.85, 45.42) and 41.48 (26.23, 56.72) respectively, with Hedges’ g values of 1.99 and 2.25 (p < 0.001, large effect sizes). Values returned to pre-test levels at 24 and 48 h with no significant differences (p > 0.05). (3) Frequency-domain parameters: Compared to pre-test, differences in LF, HF, and LF/HF were not statistically significant at any time point (all p > 0.05). Conclusions: Following high-intensity exercise leading to peripheral fatigue, cardiac autonomic function demonstrates a “suppression–recovery” dynamic pattern: cardiac stress levels increase significantly within 15 min post-exercise, with decreased overall HRV regulatory capacity and strong inhibition of parasympathetic activity; HRV status may return to baseline levels after 24 h. However, the frequency-domain indices of HRV showed no significant changes in response to the acute effects of high-intensity exercise. Full article

Background: Fasting-based interventions are increasingly investigated as adjuncts to cancer treatment for the potential to reduce therapy-related toxicities, improve metabolic health, and enhance quality of life. However, clinical evidence regarding their efficacy, tolerability, and acceptability remains limited and fragmented. This scoping review aimed to systematically map the current evidence on fasting-based interventions in cancer patients and survivors. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL up to 10 June 2025. Eligible interventional studies included cancer patients or survivors and evaluated fasting-based interventions, such as time-restricted eating, intermittent fasting, short-term fasting, or fasting-mimicking diets. Studies were categorized by fasting types and outcomes like fatigue, treatment toxicity, metabolic and hematologic parameters, weight, quality of life, adherence, acceptability, illness perception, and adverse events were assessed. Result: Twenty interventional studies of FMD, TRE, STF, IF, or fasting combined with altered dietary approaches conducted across 10 countries were included, comprising a total of 871 participants. Participant ages ranged from 28 to 75 years. Overall, 9 of 20 studies exclusively enrolled breast cancer patients or survivors, and chemotherapy was the most common treatment context in 11 studies. Five of six studies reported reductions in fatigue. Among the five studies assessing quality of life, one demonstrated improvement, three reported no change, and one yielded mixed results. Six of eight studies reported reductions in chemotherapy-related toxicity, and weight loss was observed in 10 of 12 studies. Reductions in IGF-1 and insulin levels were reported in six of seven and four of five studies, respectively. Hematologic changes were noted in six studies, and only one study assessed illness perceptions, reporting positive findings. Fasting-related adverse events, reported in nine studies, were generally mild and transient. High adherence and acceptability were observed across studies; however, findings were heterogeneous across intervention types and were largely derived from small or moderate-strength studies. A descriptive quality metric assessment indicated that most studies were of moderate methodological strength. More intensive fasting protocols, such as FMD and STF, appeared to demonstrate more consistent metabolic effects, whereas TRE showed higher adherence but more variable clinical outcomes. Conclusions: Fasting-based interventions have the potential to be feasible and well tolerated among cancer patients and survivors, with early evidence suggesting benefits in reducing fatigue, minimizing treatment-related toxicities, and favorable metabolic effects. Large, well-designed trials including diverse cancer populations are needed to confirm long-term outcomes and guide clinical integration. Full article

Backround and Objectives: Basketball performance is shaped by repeated high-intensity actions interspersed with brief recovery. Conventional continuous or strictly incremental testing may not fully capture short active-recovery dynamics relevant to stop-and-go sports. Material and Methods: This study applied a VT₂-referenced progressive–intermittent treadmill protocol and focused on 60-s active-recovery kinetics to describe effort tolerance in an applied basketball setting. Basketball players from Mureș County completed anthropometry (24 h pre-test, fasted) and a single laboratory visit. Pre-test training and diet were standardized for 48 h (submaximal training; predominantly carbohydrate intake). CPET was performed in 3-min stages (6.5 km·h⁻¹ start; +0.7 km·h⁻¹ per stage) and stopped at RER = 1.00 and/or blood lactate = 4.0 mmol·L⁻¹ (operational VT2). After 3 min active recovery, participants completed six 60-s high-speed bouts separated by 60-s active recovery intervals (AR1–AR6), with intensities prescribed at 120–180% of VT2-derived speed, followed by an 8-min active recovery. For each AR interval, linear regression over 0–60 s yielded slopes for VO₂, VO₂/HR, VCO₂, V̇E, VE/VO₂, VE/VCO₂, and PetCO₂. Results: VT₁ was determined at 2.29 m·s⁻¹ (VO₂ 32 mL·min⁻¹·kg⁻¹) and VT2 at 3.07 m·s⁻¹ (VO₂ 42 mL·min⁻¹·kg⁻¹). Maximal intermittent speed was 5.33 m·s⁻¹ (VO₂ 45.5 mL·min⁻¹·kg⁻¹; RER 1.06; PetCO₂ 38 mmHg). VO₂ differed across successive bouts (p = 0.0001), while PetCO₂ showed a small downward drift across repetitions. Peak indices (max speed, VE/VCO₂max, PetCO₂max, VEmax) were associated with phase-specific recovery slopes across early, mid, and late recovery periods (false discovery rate–adjusted correlations). Lactate decreased over 8 min, but lactate change rates were not associated with peak indices. Conclusions: The VT₂-referenced progressive–intermittent protocol appears feasible in basketball players and provides phase-dependent recovery information that complements conventional peak CPET outcomes, with potential relevance for applied team settings. Full article

Sand production in an offshore hydrocarbon wells poses significant operational and integrity challenges, particularly in deviated wells, where complex flow geometries intensify particle transport and erosion risks. The traditional sand-monitoring method utilizes stationary acoustic sensors attached to the production flowline at the surface. However, these sensors provide limited spatial coverage and intermittent measurements, restricting their ability to detect early sanding onset or precisely localize sanding intervals. By combining with vertical seismic profiling (VSP), Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) delivers continuous, high-density data along the entire length of the wellbore and is increasingly recognized as a powerful diagnostic tool for real-time downhole monitoring. This study presents a field application of DAS-VSP for detecting and characterizing sand transport in a deviated offshore production well equipped with 350 distributed fiber-optic channels spanning 0–1983 m true vertical depth (TVD) at 8 m spacing. A multistage workflow was developed, including SEGY ingestion and shot merging, channel and time window selection, trace normalization, and low-pass filtering below 20 Hz. Multi-domain signal analysis, such as RMS energy, spike-based time-domain attributes, FFT, PSD spectral characterization, and time–frequency decomposition, were used to isolate the characteristic im-pulsive low-frequency (<20 Hz) signatures associated with sand impact. An adaptive thresholding and event-clustering scheme was then applied to discriminate sanding bursts from background noise and integrate their acoustic energy over depth. The processed DAS section revealed distinct, depth-localized sand ingress zones within the production interval (1136–1909 m TVD). The derived sand log provided a quantitative measure of sand intensity variations along the deviated wellbore, with normalized RMS amplitudes ranging from 0.039 to 1.000 a.u., a mean value of 0.235 a.u., and 137 analyzed channels within the production interval. These results indicate that sand production is highly clustered within discrete depth intervals, offering new insights into sand–fluid interactions during steady-state flow. Overall, the findings confirm that DAS-VSP enables continuous real-time monitoring of the sanding behavior with a far greater depth resolution than conventional tools. This approach supports proactive sand management strategies, enhances well-integrity decision-making, and underscores the potential of DAS to evolve into a standard surveillance technology for hydrocarbon production wells. Full article

Background/Objectives: Combat sports are characterised by successive high-intensity and short-duration episodes (rounds) interspersed with short rest periods (intermittent nature). Athletes’ body composition and dietary intake are closely related to physiological demands, and they are determining factors in athletic performance. The aim of this systematic review was to describe the body composition, dietary intake, and food habits of male and female combat sports athletes, and to verify whether they met nutritional recommendations. Methods: A search was performed in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases following the PRISMA statement. The timeframe for the search included studies from the year 2000 until 2 February 2026. Risk of bias was assessed using the STROBE and the Newcastle–Ottawa checklists. Initially, 328 documents were identified. The research focused on amateur, semi-professional, or professional athletes in boxing, karate, kickboxing, jiu-jitsu, taekwondo, judo, muay thai, and mixed martial arts (MMA). Results: After screening, 23 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Most of the athletes, both men and women, had normal body mass indices (BMIs), with low or normal fat percentages and adequate muscle mass during both reference and pre-competitive periods. Regarding dietary intake, most of the athletes, male and female, had energy and carbohydrate intakes below official recommendations. Energy and nutrient intake decreased during pre-competition periods as a strategy for achieving pre-competitive rapid weight loss, which mainly occurred at the expense of lean mass. Conclusions: Despite maintaining adequate body composition, combat sports athletes reported an inadequate dietary pattern, especially during pre-competitive periods, which may negatively affect athletic performance. Full article

Background: DanceSport involves intermittent high-intensity efforts that may differ between styles and partners within a dance couple. However, dance-specific relative oxygen uptake (%VO₂max) in elite Standard and Latin dancers remains insufficiently described. Objective: This study aimed to characterize relative oxygen uptake during simulated competition in elite Slovak national team dancers and to examine (i) differences between Latin and Standard styles, (ii) variability across individual dances, and (iii) sex-specific patterns. Methods: Twenty elite dancers (10 couples) participated in the study. Five couples (n = 10 dancers; 5 females and 5 males) specialized in Latin dances, and five couples (n = 10 dancers; 5 females and 5 males) specialized in Standard dances. VO₂max was determined via an incremental treadmill test. During a simulated final round, breath-by-breath gas exchange was recorded using portable spirometry. Style-level differences were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA (Style × Sex), and dance-specific effects were examined using repeated-measures ANOVAs. Results: No significant difference in mean %VO₂max was observed between styles (F_{(1, 16)} = 1.31, p = 0.269, η²_p = 0.076). In the Latin group, relative oxygen uptake differed significantly between dances (F_{(4, 32)} = 22.45, p < 0.001, η²_p = 0.737), with Jive eliciting the highest values (~103–105% VO₂max in males) and Rumba eliciting the lowest values (~88–89% VO₂max). No Dance × Sex interaction was detected in Latin dances (p = 0.526). In the Standard group, a significant Dance × Sex interaction was observed (F_{(4, 32)} = 8.80, p < 0.001, η²_p = 0.524), with male dancers demonstrating higher %VO₂max during Quickstep (~96%) compared with other dances, whereas females showed a more uniform intensity profile (~80–86%). Conclusions: Relative oxygen uptake in DanceSport is highly dance-dependent and shows sex-specific metabolic patterns in Standard dances. Conditioning programs in elite DanceSport should therefore be structured according to individual dance demands and partnership-specific physiological roles. Full article

Background: Beach volleyball is a high-intensity, intermittent sport requiring repeated explosive actions and rapid changes of direction performed on an unstable sand surface. Creatine monohydrate (CrM) supplementation has consistently been shown to enhance short-duration, high-intensity performance; however, evidence in female athletes and sport-specific contexts in beach volleyball remains limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of CrM supplementation delivered in gummy form on physical performance outcomes, body composition, and reaction time in female beach volleyball athletes. Methods: Thirty-two female collegiate and professional beach volleyball athletes completed a 10-week randomized controlled trial and were assigned to either CrM, 5 g·day⁻¹ group (n = 17) or control group (n = 15). Countermovement jump (CMJ) height, change-of-direction speed (CODS), body composition, and reaction time were assessed before and after the intervention. Outcomes were analyzed using mixed-model analyses of variance. Results: Significant Group × Time interactions were observed for CMJ height and CODS, with the CrM group demonstrating improvements in jump height (p < 0.001, ηp² = 0.34) and faster change-of-direction performance (p = 0.009, ηp² = 0.21), while the control group showed no improvement or performance declines. Significant Group × Time interactions were also observed for body fat mass (p = 0.024, ηp² = 0.16), body fat percentage (p = 0.015, ηp² = 0.18), and total body water (p = 0.038, ηp² = 0.14). No significant interactions were observed for lean body mass, skeletal muscle mass, total body mass, or reaction time. Conclusions: CrM supplementation delivered in gummy form enhanced selected performance outcomes and helped maintain body composition in female beach volleyball athletes. These findings support creatine gummies as a practical supplementation strategy in this population. Full article

Objectives: To determine whether four weeks of Rhodiola rosea (RHO) supplementation improves intermittent exercise performance, post-exercise blood lactate concentrations, and decision-making under fatigue in competitive football players. Methods: Twenty-four male competitive football players completed a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled 4-week intervention (RHO vs. placebo). Outcomes included Yo-Yo IR2, repeated-sprint ability (RSA), post-RSA blood lactate (0, 3, 5 min), football-specific technical tests (passing and shooting), a video-based decision-making task (reaction time and accuracy), GPS-derived match running metrics, countermovement jump (CMJ), foot tapping (TAP), and haematological markers. Results: Yo-Yo IR2 performance significantly improved in the RHO group (p = 0.012) and was superior to the placebo group (p = 0.046). For RSA, mean sprint time improved significantly from pre- to post-intervention in the RHO group (p = 0.017), whereas no significant change was observed in the placebo group. Post-intervention, mean sprint time was significantly better in RHO than placebo (p = 0.041), with no between-group difference observed at baseline. Best sprint time showed no between-group difference (p = 0.723). Post-exercise blood lactate concentrations were significantly lower in RHO than placebo at 0, 3, and 5 min (all p < 0.05). Under fatigue, the RHO group demonstrated faster reaction time (p = 0.042) and higher decision accuracy (p = 0.049) than placebo. Additionally, the RHO group showed significant pre- to post-intervention improvements in passing and shooting performance (p < 0.05), with between-group differences observed only for short-pass performance. Match total and high-speed running distances were higher in RHO, accompanied by increases in haemoglobin and haematocrit (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Four weeks of Rhodiola rosea supplementation enhanced high-intensity intermittent performance and decision-making under fatigue, with findings suggesting improved performance maintenance rather than increased peak sprint capacity. Full article

Historic linear corridors in living-heritage settings concentrate identity, everyday mobility, and visitor experience. Balancing authenticity, adaptability, and publicness therefore benefits from evidence that jointly characterizes long-term physical change, network accessibility, and eye-level interface conditions. Existing assessments often focus on façades or single time slices, leaving limited evidence that relates decades of built-fabric reconfiguration (changes in building footprints, street edges, and open-space fragmentation) to multi-scale accessibility and pedestrian-facing qualities. We propose an integrated and interpretable workflow for the Beishan Street corridor in the West Lake World Heritage core (Hangzhou) over 1929–2024. Scale-sensitive morphological metrics, multi-radius network measures (integration and centrality), and street-view semantic segmentation are aligned at corridor-segment resolution and examined together with segment-level functional intensity derived from POIs using transparent linear models. The results indicate a long-term shift from a lakeshore-led to a road-led spatial logic, followed by post-2000 stabilization near saturation. Average integration increases, while the high-integration tail becomes thinner. In connector-removal scenarios, the eastern segment shows a relative accessibility decline, and a central hinge node emerges as a vulnerability hotspot (bottleneck) where through-movement concentrates. Eye-level profiles differ by segment: the west exhibits maximal canopy and lower sky visibility, the center shows stronger continuous walls around compounds with intermittent forecourt openings, and the east is characterized by compact residential heritage frontage with low vegetation. Segment-level associations suggest that address and wayfinding density tends to co-occur with clearer frontages, wider sky cones, and stronger tree cover. Transportation-related and access/passage facilities tend to co-occur with higher ground-plane legibility, measured as wider and more continuous road and sidewalk surfaces. Medical and government clusters tend to co-occur with lower sky openness. Recommended actions include the following: (1) mesh-aware protection of key connectors and the hinge, (2) segment-specific targets for façade share and ground cues with planned punctuations, (3) tailored interface standards for institutional clusters, (4) scalable address and wayfinding systems, and (5) event staging that preserves effective roadway and sidewalk capacity. Full article

3 × 3 basketball is a high-intensity intermittent sport practiced by both professional and recreational athletes. However, the use of predefined absolute thresholds to quantify external load may overlook meaningful inter-individual differences in movement intensity. This study examined internal and external load demands during official 3 × 3 match play using individualized, performance-based load zones. Seventeen male players were monitored across 38 valid match observations during a two-day tournament. External load was collected via inertial measurement units, while internal load was assessed through continuous heart-rate monitoring. Raw triaxial accelerometer data were processed in Python to remove gravitational components and reconstruct speed–acceleration profiles, allowing identification of individual acceleration, deceleration, and jump events. Statistical analyses were conducted using linear mixed-effects models with Bonferroni-adjusted post hoc comparisons to evaluate differences between absolute and individualized zones. Players sustained high physiological strain, operating at approximately 85–90% of HRmax, and performed frequent high-intensity mechanical actions. Individualized acceleration, deceleration, and jump zones yielded a more even dispersion of events across low-, moderate-, and high-intensity categories. In contrast, predefined absolute thresholds classified over 90% of events as low intensity, masking meaningful variability. These findings highlight substantial inter-individual differences in 3 × 3 match demands and support the use of individualized load profiling for accurate monitoring, performance evaluation, and training prescription. Full article

Sporadic E (Es) layers exhibit strong intermittency and highly skewed intensity distributions, exerting significant impacts on high-frequency communication and navigation systems and posing challenges for data-driven prediction. Conventional single-stage regression models are often dominated by abundant non-event samples and therefore tend to underestimate Es intensity during occurrence periods. To address this issue, this study proposes a unified two-stage neural network framework that decouples the prediction of Es occurrence probability from the estimation of Es intensity. The model is trained using multi-station ionosonde observations, incorporating cyclic representations of seasonal and local time variations together with solar and geomagnetic indices and station-aware encoding to enable unified learning across multiple stations. Results show that the proposed two-stage framework achieves event-only MAE values of 0.53–0.76 MHz and RMSE values of approximately 1.0–1.4 MHz at most mid- and low-latitude stations, with larger errors at the high-latitude Casey station (MAE ≈ 1.45 MHz and RMSE ≈ 2.31 MHz). The consistently bounded MRE values (≈0.18–0.23) observed across multiple stations demonstrate that the framework effectively mitigates severe data imbalance and suppresses spurious high-intensity estimates under non-Es conditions. Full article

Background: Basketball is an intermittent sport characterized by repeated high-intensity efforts interspersed with periods of active recovery. The physical and cognitive demands of the sport expose its players to multiple sources of stress, which may be associated with alterations in sleep and, in turn, with changes in athletic performance. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize available evidence on whether stress-related sleep disturbances are associated with changes in specific performance factors in basketball players. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus (January 2010–July 2025). Studies assessing stress, sleep, and at least one performance-related outcome in basketball players were included. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using the Oxford Levels of Evidence and design-specific critical appraisal tools for observational and non-randomized studies. Due to methodological heterogeneity, no meta-analysis was performed, and a qualitative descriptive synthesis was performed. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration number: 1185938). Of the 202 records identified, 23 remained after screening, and 14 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis, requiring the assessment of stress, sleep, and performance outcomes in basketball players. Results: Most included studies reported associative relationships between competition or training-related stress and reduced sleep quality or duration, as well as alterations in selected basketball performance outcomes. Across studies, patterns emerged linking elevated competitive and personal stress, insufficient sleep and recovery outcomes, and performance-related changes, despite substantial variability in study design and measurement approaches. Conclusions: Overall, the evidence suggests that basketball-specific performance factors may be sensitive to stress-related sleep disturbances. These associative patterns underscore the importance of considering psychological well-being, recovery strategies, and sleep management in applied basketball contexts. Rather than supporting prescriptive intervention models, the findings highlight the value of integrated monitoring approaches that combine stress, sleep, and performance assessment to support player readiness and performance outcomes. Full article

Despite the prevalence of the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Tests Level 1 (YYIRTL1) and Level 2 (YYIRTL2) in elite soccer, knowledge surrounding their association and prediction of match performance is limited. This study investigated the association between respective tests and match running performance in male professional soccer players. High-intensity (HIR), high-speed (HSR), and sprinting (SPR) running distances were collected using a global positioning system from eleven professional male players who completed the YYIRTL1 and YYIRTL2. Associations between match performance and the YYIRT were assessed using correlational analyses, and the predictability of the YYIRT with match performance was assessed using univariate linear regression analyses. Strong correlations were found between YYIRTL1 and both HIR (r = 0.79) and HSR (r = 0.73). A moderate correlation was observed between YYIRTL2 and HIR (r = 0.42) and a weak correlation was observed between YYIRTL2 and HSR (r = 0.12). No correlation was observed between YYIRTL1 and SPR (r = 0.07) and a moderate, negative correlation was observed between YYIRTL2 and SPR (r = −0.21). Univariate regression analyses suggested that YYIRTL1 explained 63% of HIR variance, which YYIRTl2 did not, and that neither test suggested significant predictive ability in HSR or SPR. The YYIRTL1 is strongly associated with, and may predict, in-game HIR in Canadian male professional soccer players. Full article