Search Results (7)

This study investigated the impact of image capture distance on the performance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in classifying fabrics. Unlike previous works that rely solely on digital zoom and data augmentation to simulate multi-scale variations, this research explores the use of physically captured images at far, mid-range, and near focal lengths using a camera with an attached varifocal lens. Fabric samples from three categories of Cotton, Linen, and Silk were imaged under consistent lighting to create an image dataset with a total of 1350 images used to train CNN models via transfer learning, with MobileNetV2 and ResNet50 as the baseline architectures. Classification performance was evaluated separately on each focal subset and on their combined dataset to test the trained model generalization capability. Results showed an absolute accuracy gain of 20.57% with MobileNetV2 and 9.78% for ResNet50 while performing with an improved accuracy at 98.42% for MobileNetV2 and ResNet50 at 96.30% Full article

Fabric veneer panels were prepared using ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer film (EVA) as the intermediate layer and poplar plywood as the substrate. Eight fabrics with different compositions were selected for evaluation to screen out fabric materials suitable for poplar plywood veneer. The fabrics were objectively analyzed by bending and draping, compression, and surface roughness, and subjectively evaluated by establishing seven levels of semantic differences. ESEM, surface adhesive properties, and peel resistance tests were used to characterize the microstructure and physical–mechanical properties of the composites. The results show that cotton and linen fabrics and corduroy fabrics are superior to other fabrics in performance, and they are suitable for decorative materials. Because the fibers of the doupioni silk fabric are too thin, and the fibers of felt fabric are randomly staggered, they are not suitable for the surface decoration materials of man-made panels. The acetate veneer surface gluing performance was 1.31 MPa, and the longitudinal peel resistance was 20.98 N, significantly exceeding that of other fabric veneers. Through the subjective and objective analysis of fabrics and gluing performance tests, it was concluded that, compared with fabrics made of natural fibers, man-made fiber fabrics are more suitable for use as surface finishing materials for wood-based panels. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis and process reference for the development of environmentally friendly decorative panels, which can be expanded and applied to furniture, interior decoration, and other fields. Full article

In this study, we analyzed the impact of the dyeing and the digital printing processes of linen/silk fabric (70% linen/30% silk) on its color fastness and shrinkage in the directions of warp and weft. This is a highly relevant topic because a single fabric combines two natural fibers of different origins—silk, a protein, is animal-based, whereas linen is derived from cellulose and is, thus, plant-based. Therefore, the different natures of the two fibers determine distinctive chemical properties. As a result, selecting the optimal technological course of processing for blended yarn fabrics and their yarn is a challenging task. The quality of the conducted finishing is determined by the physical properties of fabrics, such as color fastness to perspiration; soap; dry friction and wet friction; the pH of the fabric after finishing; and the shrinkage of the fabric in the directions of warp and weft. Here, color fastness was assigned the top grade with respect to all potentially harmful factors, except for wet friction. The evaluation proves that the technological regimes employed for digital printing and dyeing in the production item’s fabrics were properly selected. Full article

The pilling resistance of fashion fabrics is a fundamentally important and frequently occurring problem during cloth wearing. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the pilling performance of linen/silk woven fabrics with different mechanical and chemical finishing, establishing the influence of the raw material and the peculiarities of dyeing and digital printing with different dyestuff. The pilling results of the dyed fabrics were better than those of the grey fabrics and even a small amount of synthetic fiber worsened the pilling performance of the fabric. Singeing influenced the change in the pilling resistance of the linen/silk fabrics without changing the final pilling resistance result. Singeing had a stronger influence on the fabrics with a small amount of synthetic fibers. The pilling resistance of printed fabrics was better than that of grey and dyed fabrics without and with singeing. The pilling resistance of pigment-printed fabrics was better than that of the reactive-printed fabrics. Full article

The behaviour of textile products made from different fibres during finishing has been investigated by many scientists, but these investigations have usually been performed with cotton or synthetic yarns and fabrics. However, the properties of raw materials such as linen and hemp (other cellulose fibres) and linen/silk (cellulose/protein fibres) have rarely been investigated. The aim of the study was to investigate and compare the mechanical (breaking force and elongation at break) and end-use (colour fastness to artificial light, area density, and abrasion resistance) properties of cellulose and cellulose/protein woven fabrics. For all fabrics, ΔE was smaller than three, which is generally imperceptible to the human eye. Flax demonstrated the best dyeability, and hemp demonstrated the poorest dyeability, comparing all the tested fabrics. The colour properties of fabrics were greatly influenced by the washing procedure, and even different fabric components of different weaves lost their colours in different ways. Flax fibres were more crystalline than hemp, and those fibres were more amorphous, which decreased the crystallinity index of flax in flax/silk blended fabric. Unwashed flax fabric was more resistant to artificial light than flax/silk or hemp fabrics. Finishing had a great influence on the abrasion resistance of fabrics. The yarn fibre composition and the finishing process for fabrics both influenced the mechanical (breaking force and elongation at break) and end-use (area density and abrasion resistance) properties of grey and finished fabrics woven from yarns made of different fibres. Full article

Modern personal protective armor has been generally based on the Kevlar fabrics, with the main goal to offer defense against bullets. In addition to the high cost and poor processability, Kevlar has the disadvantage of limited stab-proofing capability. On the other hand, a large number of crimes involving deadly injures represent knife attacks. Our goal in this work was to investigate composites based on traditional commercially available fabrics of linen and silk, using different adhesives-polymers for forming laminates. The silk composites also contained different amounts of in-woven polyester. Three different water-based adhesives of polyurethane, urea formaldehyde and polyvinyl alcohol were considered. It was found, that besides the strength of the fabrics themselves, the adhesives polymers played a crucial role in the obtained performance of the laminates. The laminates were characterized in their mechanical properties, as well as with scanning electron microscopy and FTIR spectroscopy. Full article

In the present study, four natural textiles (cotton, linen, wool, and silk) were dyed with 14 naturally extracted dyes, and pancreatin enzyme was used in the dyeing process. The effects of pancreatin enzyme and its buffer on naturally dyed textile samples were evaluated. Two concentrations of pancreatin enzyme and buffer were used as pretreatments for dyed textiles. Proteinic fabrics showed the highest relative color strength (RCS) values of 137.23% and 132.2% when the pancreatin enzyme was applied on wool and silk dyed with pomegranate skin and bloodroot at concentrations A and B, respectively. Linen fiber dyed with catechu tree showed the highest total color difference (TCD) values with buffer (6.83) and pancreatin enzyme A (5.7) and B (6.3). This shows that there were no side effects of the pancreatin enzyme on the studied dyed textiles. By high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, the root extract from madder showed the presence of salicylic acid (1758.91 mg/kg extract), quercetin (844.23 mg/kg extract), ellagic acid (784.86 mg/kg extract) and benzoic acid (582.68 mg/kg extract) as main compounds. In cochineal extract the main compounds were rutin (37.732 mg/kg extract), kampherol (1915.98 mg/kg extract), myricetin (809.97 mg/kg extract), quercetin (496.76 mg/kg extract) and salicylic acid (193.87 mg/kg extract). Full article