Search Results (2,309)

Background and Objectives: Synchronous cervical and vulvar squamous intraepithelial lesions are rarely reported. In most cases, these lesions are associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and follow the conventional HPV-related pathway. Rarely, vulvar lesions may show an unusual immunohistochemical profile, with block-type p16 expression accompanied by aberrant p53 staining, creating diagnostic and etiopathogenetic challenges. Case Presentation: We report the case of an 83-year-old woman who presented with metrorrhagia and a symptomatic vulvar lesion. Histopathological evaluation revealed synchronous high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion of the cervix and vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (VIN 3). Immunohistochemically, the cervical lesion showed block-type p16 positivity and a wild-type p53 pattern, supporting a conventional HPV-associated profile. In contrast, the vulvar lesion also demonstrated block-type p16 positivity, but with aberrant p53 overexpression, representing an unusual double-positive immunophenotype. Conclusions: This case highlights a rare presentation of synchronous lower genital tract squamous intraepithelial lesions with divergent immunophenotypic features. Accurate interpretation requires integration of morphology and immunohistochemistry, while the absence of direct HPV testing and TP53 molecular analysis limits definitive etiopathogenetic classification. Reporting such cases may broaden awareness of unusual vulvar precursor lesions and potential diagnostic pitfalls in routine practice. Full article

Background/Objectives:Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the most common sexually transmitted viruses worldwide and are strongly associated with multiple cancers, including cervical cancer. In France, HPV prevention relies on a combination of organized cervical cancer screening and prophylactic vaccination; however, coverage remains below international targets. Methods: This narrative review summarizes recent advances in HPV prevention in France, with a focus on screening strategies, including the integration of high-risk HPV testing and vaginal self-sampling, as well as vaccination policies that now include both girls and boys, notably through school-based programs. Results: International comparisons, particularly with Australia and several European countries, are used to highlight successful strategies and transferable lessons that could enhance the effectiveness of French prevention efforts. The review also discusses persistent barriers to uptake, including social, organizational, and cultural factors, and considers opportunities to reduce inequalities in access to prevention. Conclusions: Overall, this work provides a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of HPV prevention in France and situates national efforts within a global public health context, offering insights for policy development and future research directions. Full article

Background: Persistent cervical human papillomavirus (Human papillomavirus) infection remains a significant public health concern, as it is the primary etiological factor in the development of cervical cancer and its precursor lesions. While prophylactic vaccination and standard screening programs are cornerstones of prevention, a substantial proportion of women with established infection are managed conservatively, often with prolonged follow-up and associated psychological burden. Interest has therefore grown in supportive interventions that may facilitate viral clearance during routine clinical management. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 239 women with confirmed cervical Human papillomavirus infection followed at a tertiary referral center between February 2023 and August 2025. Participants were classified into a treatment group receiving oral Papivir/Pavirona^® twice daily for six months (n = 119) and a control group managed with routine clinical follow-up alone (n = 120). Human papillomavirus DNA testing and cervical cytology were evaluated at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. Results: Human papillomavirus clearance rates were significantly higher in the Papivir/Pavirona^® group compared with controls at both 6 and 12 months. Cytological regression was also more frequent in the treatment group at both time points. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, Papivir/Pavirona^® use emerged as the only independent predictor of both Human papillomavirus clearance and cytological regression, while demographic, reproductive, behavioral, and virological baseline characteristics were not significantly associated with outcomes. Conclusions: Papivir/Pavirona^® supplementation was associated with increased Human papillomavirus clearance and cytological regression rates in women with cervical Human papillomavirus infection, suggesting a potential supportive role alongside standard clinical follow-up. Full article

Background/Objectives: Prevention of virus-related cancers is a multifaceted process shaped by vaccination and public awareness. This study assessed awareness of virus–cancer relationships and willingness to vaccinate against a cancer-associated virus among medical and non-medical students. We also evaluated whether human papillomavirus (HPV)-vaccinated students demonstrate greater awareness of the HPV-cancer link compared to unvaccinated students, and examined willingness to vaccinate against a certain cancer-associated virus according to HPV vaccination status. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in Poland (October 2023–June 2024) and included 1013 first- and second-year university students recruited via convenience sampling. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. Results: Awareness of virus–cancer relationships was low, ranging from 19% for Epstein–Barr virus-related cancers to 43.8% for HPV-related cervical cancer. Women were more likely than men to recognize the HPV–cervical cancer link (OR = 2.08, p < 0.001), supporting gender differences and the need for gender-neutral HPV education with targeted strategies for men. Medical students demonstrated higher awareness than non-medical students. HPV vaccination coverage was low (14.5%), with higher uptake among medical students (21.2% vs. 8.2%). Notably, 41.3% of non-medical students and 7.5% of medical students had never heard of HPV vaccination. Willingness to vaccinate against a cancer-associated virus varied according to perceived infection risk. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for targeted educational interventions to improve awareness of HPV–cancer links and risk perception, as well as to ensure ongoing education of both HPV-vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals to support informed health decisions and vaccine acceptance. Full article

Management of locoregionally advanced human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV(+) OPSCC) can include induction chemotherapy followed by definitive chemoradiation. The standard induction regimen of cisplatin, docetaxel, and 5-fluorouracil (TPF) is associated with high toxicity. Given the chemosensitivity of HPV(+) OPSCC, platinum doublets are frequently used as induction therapy with potentially less toxicity. This retrospective study aimed to compare outcomes between treatment-naive HPV(+) OPSCC patients receiving induction TPF and those receiving an induction platinum doublet. Data collected included tumor characteristics, response after chemoradiation, hospitalization rates, and overall survival (OS). Fifty-five patients (18 TPF and 37 platinum doublet) were included. There was no significant difference in response after completion of definitive chemoradiation (TPF: CR 83.3%, PR 5.6%, progression or metastasis 11.1% vs. platinum doublet: CR 75.7%, PR 16.2%, progression or metastasis 8.1%; p = 0.5241). There were also no differences in hospitalizations for adverse events (38.9% in TPF vs. 40.5% in platinum doublet, p = 0.907) or recurrence (11.1% in TPF vs. 2.7% in platinum doublet, p = 0.198). The 5-year OS was 84.6% in the TPF group and 81.5% in the platinum doublet group (p = 0.581). Induction platinum doublet regimens offer comparable OS, response, and hospitalization rates to TPF in locally advanced HPV(+) OPSCC. Induction with a platinum doublet may be a viable de-escalation strategy for patients who are not candidates for TPF. Full article

Background: Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in Nigeria. In 2023, the Government of Nigeria, with support from Gavi and partners, introduced the single-dose human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine through a phased, school-based campaign. The first phase was launched in October 2023 across 16 states, followed by a second phase in May 2024 that expanded coverage to the remaining states and the Federal Capital Territory. This study evaluates the additional impact of a behavioral insights–informed digital intervention, comprising a social media campaign amplified by trained pharmacists serving as local influencers, implemented in 2025 to increase acceptance and uptake of HPV vaccination during routine immunization. Methods: A pre-test/post-test quasi-experimental design with a control group was implemented in three Nigerian states in 2025 to assess the additional impact of a behavioral insights–informed social media campaign designed to strengthen social approval for HPV vaccination, increase awareness of vaccination locations, and reinforce caregivers’ recognition of their adolescent daughters’ desire to be vaccinated. Messages were amplified by trained pharmacists who served as local influencers. Caregivers of adolescent girls aged 9–17 years were recruited online through targeted Facebook and Instagram advertisements during Nigeria’s transition from school-based HPV vaccination campaigns to routine immunization. Caregivers in treatment areas were exposed to geofenced social media advertisements on Facebook and Instagram and pharmacist counseling, while those in control areas were not. Logistic regression models using a difference-in-difference approach estimated the campaign’s effect on HPV vaccination, controlling for caregiver and adolescent characteristics. Additional statistical models assessed the campaign’s impact on caregivers’ motivation and ability—key drivers of behavior according to the Fogg Behavior Model. Results: HPV vaccination increased at a significantly higher rate in the treatment compared to the control area. The adjusted odds of an adolescent girl being vaccinated were 1.48 times higher in the treatment area at follow-up (95% CI: 1.14–1.92). Adjusted marginal effects indicated that exposure to the campaign increased the probability of vaccination by 8.9 percentage points relative to the control group. The rate at which caregivers’ motivation (aOR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.00–1.70) and ability (knowing where to get vaccinated: aOR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.07–1.79; ease of vaccination: aOR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.22–2.06) increased was also higher in the treatment area. There was no relative increase in intervention versus control groups in factual knowledge regarding HPV vaccination. Conclusions: A behavioral insights–informed social media campaign in which pharmacists served as influencers was associated with higher HPV vaccine uptake during routine immunization. The higher rate of vaccination observed in intervention areas was associated with higher rates of caregiver motivation and ability but not with higher rates of caregiver knowledge. These findings are consistent with the potential of behavioral insights–informed digital campaigns to complement routine immunization efforts and improve vaccine uptake in low- and middle-income countries. Full article

Background: Viral infections represent a major challenge in modern medicine, including diseases caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and rotavirus, which are among the most prevalent viral pathogens. The rapid transmission and high mutation rates of these viruses contribute to substantial health burdens and socio economic consequences. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂-NPs) are effective antiviral agents. The major objective of this investigation was to measure the antiviral activity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂-NPs) and green-produced silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) against rotavirus, HPV, and CMV. Methods: UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the nanoparticles. Cytotoxicity and antiviral activity were evaluated using a crystal violet assay in infected cell cultures. Results: The main findings indicate that both Ag NPs and TiO₂-NPs exhibited pronounced antiviral activity against HPV, CMV, and rotavirus. Ag NPs exhibited strong antiviral activity, with lower IC₅₀ values against HPV and CMV; however, this effect was associated with lower cytotoxic concentration (CC₅₀) and selectivity index (SI) values, indicating higher cytotoxicity. In contrast, TiO₂-NPs demonstrated a favorable safety profile, as indicated by higher CC₅₀ value particularly against CMV (863.90 µg/mL) and rotavirus (386.84 µg/mL)—and low cytotoxicity toward host cells—highlighting their strong antiviral selectivity and therapeutic potential. Conclusions: Overall, these findings suggest that, while Ag-NPs possess strong antiviral efficacy, TiO₂ NPs offer a more balanced combination of antiviral effectiveness and biosafety and may therefore be more promising candidates for antiviral applications. Full article

Human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause cervical cancer. Global viral eradication relies on specific criteria, including a single host species and effective vaccines, a feat successfully achieved with smallpox and rinderpest. Although measles is also a candidate for elimination, its progress has been hindered by vaccine hesitancy based on misinformation about vaccine safety. Similarly, HPV is an ideal candidate for eradication due to its strict human infectivity and the proven vaccine efficacy in reducing cancer rates and establishing herd immunity. We highlighted the growing global consensus on single-dose HPV vaccination to improve feasibility and compliance with comparable effectiveness and safety to three-dose vaccination. Supporting this, we demonstrated that mice receiving a single HPV vaccine produced anti-HPV antibodies without a prolonged pro-inflammatory cytokine profile. On the other hand, in Japan, a nine-year suspension of proactive government recommendations occurred due to alleged adverse events termed “HPV vaccination-associated neuro-immunopathic syndrome (HANS),” drastically reducing vaccination rates, despite rigorous international studies have confirmed the vaccine’s safety. Critical scientific evaluation demonstrated that HANS failed to meet the criteria for autoimmune diseases (Witebsky’s postulates); no evidence has been presented that HANS is a novel autoimmune disease. The claim of molecular mimicry between HPV L1 and human proteins was based solely on flawed computational analyses. Furthermore, the hypothesis implicating a pathogenic role for aluminum adjuvants was unsupported by experimental evidence; HANS animal models were flawed methodologically and unreproducible experimentally. In summary, we believe that implementing worldwide HPV vaccination strategies, including gender-neutral and single-dose programs, as well as denouncing pseudoscientific claims hold the potential to eliminate high-risk HPV types globally. Full article

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has emerged as a biologically distinct entity, typically affecting younger, non-smoking patients and showing improved survival compared to HPV-negative tumors. Accurate HPV status determination is essential for correct staging, prognostic assessment, and treatment de-escalation. Despite advances, substantial variability persists among diagnostic methods and clinical workflows. A narrative review of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was conducted up to July 2025. Studies addressing HPV detection techniques in OPSCC—including p16^INK4a^ immunohistochemistry (IHC), HPV DNA and RNA assays, liquid biopsy approaches, and computational surrogates—were critically analyzed regarding diagnostic accuracy, clinical applicability, and emerging innovations. Tissue-based assays remain the diagnostic reference standard. p16 IHC provides high sensitivity but limited specificity and should be confirmed with nucleic acid-based methods such as DNA PCR, in situ hybridization (ISH), or E6/E7 mRNA detection. Combined or “orthogonal” testing minimizes discordance and refines risk stratification. Liquid biopsy detection of circulating HPV DNA using droplet digital PCR or next-generation sequencing has shown high sensitivity and specificity in cohorts of patients with HPV-associated OPSCC, supporting its potential role as a complementary biomarker for treatment monitoring and surveillance. However, circulating HPV DNA alone does not unequivocally identify the anatomic source of HPV DNA and should be interpreted together with clinical, radiologic, and tissue-based findings. Oral rinse and saliva assays show moderate diagnostic performance, while artificial intelligence-based radiomic and histopathologic models are emerging as complementary tools. Reliable HPV attribution in OPSCC requires a multimodal diagnostic strategy integrating p16 IHC, molecular confirmation, and ctHPV-DNA monitoring. Methodological standardization and prospective validation are essential to implement precision-guided, cost-effective workflows in routine clinical practice. Full article

Background and Objectives: In women who are positive for high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV), abnormal cytology necessitates colposcopy and biopsy; however, cytology–histology concordance is variable and may differ by menopausal status. This study aimed to evaluate the concordance between cytologic findings and biopsy results in hrHPV-positive women with abnormal Pap tests and to compare outcomes by menopausal status. Materials and Methods: This retrospective, single-center study included 904 hrHPV-positive women with abnormal cytology who underwent colposcopy. Cytology findings [atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), atypical squamous cells—cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H), and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL)] were compared with histological findings [normal, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)-1, -2, -3]. Menopausal status was stratified as premenopausal (<48 years) and postmenopausal (≥48 years). Rates of cyto-histologic concordance, overestimation, and underestimation were calculated. Results: The predominant cytological result was ASC-US (61.7%), followed by LSIL (25.3%), whereas histologically, CIN was most common (66.5%; CIN-1: 42.8%, CIN-2: 11.5%, CIN-3: 12.2%). Cytology–biopsy concordance was 50.7%, with overestimation in 35.4% and underestimation in 13.9%. Overestimation was highest in ASC-US (43.9%) and ASC-H (37%), while underestimation was most frequently seen in LSIL cases (27.1%). HSIL cytology showed the highest agreement (85.7%). Conversely, LSIL cytology showed higher cyto-histologic concordance in postmenopausal women, whereas ASC-H and HSIL cytologies were more commonly overestimated in comparison to premenopausal women. Using ASC-H/HSIL as the positive cytology threshold for CIN-2+ detection, sensitivity was 41.1% and specificity was 95.8% [positive predictive value (PPV) 75.2%, negative predictive value (NPV) 84.0%; overall accuracy 82.9%]. The sensitivity and NPV were higher in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women (50.0% vs. 39.9%; 91.3% vs. 82.3%, respectively). Conclusions: Cytology–histology concordance is moderate among women who are hrHPV-positive with abnormal cytology, characterized by notable underestimation in low-grade cytology and strong predictive value in HSIL cases. Menopausal status influences the outcomes; in postmenopausal women, high-grade lesions are less frequent, and diagnostic accuracy for detecting CIN-2+ is higher. These findings highlight the need for age- and menopause-sensitive diagnostic approaches. Full article

Background/Objectives: The informative value of integrating high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) genotyping with cytology and p16/Ki67 dual-stain biomarker results, using limited and two types of extended genotyping assays, has not yet been evaluated. Methods: A total of 32,724 screening test results between 2015 and 2024 were included. Limited HPV genotyping was performed using the Abbott RealTime High Risk HPV assay. Extended genotyping was performed using two assays: the Alinity m HR HPV and BD Onclarity HPV Assay. Trends in age-specific, cytology-specific, and p16/Ki67-specific HR-HPV prevalence and distribution were observed, and differences between limited and extended genotyping were examined. Results: The overall HR-HPV positivity rate was 15.0%. HR-HPV prevalence was 13.9% in the limited genotyping group, 17.8% in in the Onclarity group 1, and 17.2% in the Alinity group 2, with a statistically significant difference in the proportions of positive/negative cases (p < 0.0001). No statistically significant difference was observed between extended genotyping groups (p = 0.706). In the Onclarity group: the highest p16/Ki67 positivity was observed for HPV 33/58 (100.0%) and HPV 31 (58.8%), while the lowest was for HPV 45 (18.2%), HPV 18 (25.0%) and HPV 59/56/66 (28.9%). In the Alinity group: the highest p16/Ki67 positivity was observed for HPV 16 (66.7%) and HPV 31/33/52/58 (58.8%). Conclusions: Based on ten years of HPV-based cervical cancer screening data, this study demonstrates that genotype-specific HR-HPV information obtained through extended genotyping provides clinically relevant risk stratification when interpreted together with cytology and p16/Ki67 dual-stain results. These findings support an integrated screening approach combining molecular HPV testing, cytology, and immunocytochemical biomarkers to improve risk-based triage in cervical cancer screening. Full article

Purpose: To describe clinical and virologic outcomes after topical 5% imiquimod for VaIN (vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia) within routine clinical practice, including the assessment of available post-treatment high-risk HPV status, and to evaluate its relationship with treatment outcomes. Methods: In this retrospective-cohort study, twenty patients with histologically confirmed VaIN (low-grade VaIN = 10, high-grade VaIN = 10) were evaluated between October 2020 and October 2022. The treatment varied based on the initial VaIN grade. The primary endpoint was complete response, defined as negative cytology and/or benign follow-up biopsy. Secondary endpoints included partial response (downgrading from high-grade to low-grade), persistence/progression, adverse events, and available post-treatment high-risk HPV status. Results: Among seventeen evaluable patients, a complete response was observed in 69.2% (9/13) imiquimod-treated patients. In high-grade VaIN imiquimod-treated patients, complete response was observed in 66.7% (6/9), while 33.3% (3/9) downgraded to low-grade VaIN on biopsy as a secondary outcome, with no persistence over a median follow-up of 24 months. Low-grade VaIN showed 75% clearance with either imiquimod or observation at a median follow-up of 24 months. In one low-grade imiquimod-treated, persistent HPV16 was observed, and the lesion progressed to high-grade VaIN; however, no invasive cancers were observed during follow-up. Adverse events related to imiquimod were mild; there were no discontinuations. Among baseline high-risk HPV positive imiquimod-treated patients, post-treatment follow-up HPV testing was available in a limited subset group, and clearance was confirmed in 44% (4/9) among those with follow-up testing and presented descriptively as exploratory. Conclusions: In this single-center retrospective cohort, outcomes after topical 5% imiquimod are reported as observed findings. Complete and partial responses were observed in high-grade VaIN with acceptable tolerability and no invasive events at available intermediate follow-up (median 24 months). Post-treatment HPV testing provided complementary virologic information alongside clinical outcomes, consistent with recommendations incorporating HPV testing into VaIN follow-up, and longer surveillance is required to assess long-term oncologic outcomes. Full article

The cervicovaginal microbiome (CVMB) is pivotal in maintaining the homeostasis of the lower female genital tract and has emerged as a significant modulator of cervical carcinogenesis. Although persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is a prerequisite for the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and subsequent cervical carcinoma, it remains insufficient alone to drive oncogenesis. Accumulating evidence suggests that alterations in the CVMB composition profoundly impact HPV persistence, local immune responses, and disease progression. A vaginal microbiota dominated by Lactobacillus species, most notably Lactobacillus crispatus, correlates with low microbial diversity, robust immune regulation, and facilitated HPV clearance. Conversely, microbial dysbiosis—characterized by Lactobacillus depletion and a concomitant proliferation of anaerobic taxa, typical of Community State Type (CST) IV and Lactobacillus iners-dominated profiles—is strongly associated with chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, epithelial barrier compromise, and an elevated risk of CIN progression. This review synthesizes current evidence regarding the multifaceted interactions among the cervicovaginal microbiome, HPV pathogenesis, immune dysregulation, and oxidative stress in the etiology of CIN. Elucidating these intricate host–microbiome dynamics may precipitate the discovery of novel microbiome-derived biomarkers, ultimately informing innovative prophylactic and therapeutic interventions for cervical cancer. Full article

Background/Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide and causes cervical cancer in women. Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are particularly susceptible to this virus. An effective vaccine against high-risk HPV genotypes is available. This study sought to evaluate barriers to HPV vaccination in HIV-positive female patients between the ages of 18 and 65 in a county clinic in Houston. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in May–June 2025 with 131 patients at Thomas Street Health Center in Houston. The survey assessed patient demographics, attitudes toward and knowledge of HPV vaccination (at least one dose), as well as self-reported cervical dysplasia and HPV infection history. Clinical data on available cervical dysplasia history were also gathered from the electronic medical record. Descriptive statistics were compiled, and comparisons between vaccinated and unvaccinated participants were performed using one-way analysis of variance for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables in R. Results: 75% of patients had prior knowledge of the HPV vaccine, but only 33% reported receiving at least one dose. The most common reason for not receiving the vaccine was never having been offered the vaccine by a provider. Separately, almost 40% of unvaccinated individuals had never heard of the vaccine. Of note, only 8.6% of respondents reported fully understanding the implications of vaccination and still choosing to decline. In this cross-sectional study, there was no statistically significant association between vaccination status and either recent dysplasia history in the electronic record or reported dysplasia or HPV infection history. Among eligible unvaccinated participants, 41% received the HPV vaccine after completing the survey. Conclusions: Addressing gaps in HPV vaccine communication and supporting clinicians in delivering confident counseling may improve vaccination rates in this at-risk population. Full article

Anal human papillomavirus (HPV) and cancer prevalence are increasing. Therefore, this study investigated the prevalence of anal HPV and associated risk factors, as well as HPV genotype-specific concordance at cervical and anal sites and associated risk factors among women of Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. A total of 326 women aged 18–60 were recruited from an Eastern Cape community health facility. HPV DNA was detected in cervical and anal specimens using the Seegene Anyplex™ and Allplex™ II HPV28 assay (Seegene Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea), respectively. Anal HPV was detected in 68.1% (95% CI: 62.9–72.9) and independent predictors were cervical HPV positivity (AOR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.39–4.14, p = 0.002), abnormal cytology (AOR: 3.12, 95% CI: 1.29–7.55, p = 0.012), single marital status (AOR: 3.55, 95% CI: 1.24–10.17, p = 0.018), and having more than three lifetime sexual partners (AOR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.03–2.98, p = 0.039). Anal high risk (HR)-HPV types were detected in 50.9%, with HPV-58 (13.2%), HPV-68 (11.0%) and HPV-52 (9.2%) being the most dominant types. HPV genotype-specific cervical and anal concordance was observed in 33.5% of cases, with HPV-58 (7.1%), HPV-68 (4.9%), and HPV-35 (4.6%) being the most dominant. Women who were positive for cervical HPV infection (AOR: 3.24, 95% CI: 2.36–4.45, p < 0.001), anal HPV infection (AOR: 2.70, 95% CI: 2.01–3.63, p < 0.001) and abnormal cervical cytology (AOR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.36–2.96, p < 0.001) had substantially higher odds of anal–cervical HPV concordance compared to those who were negative. High anal HPV prevalence and HPV genotype-specific anal and cervical concordance were observed among Eastern Cape women. Understanding anal HPV, HPV genotype-specific anal–cervical concordance, and associated factors can contribute to strategies towards anal HPV and associated disease prevention. These findings warrant further longitudinal investigation in future studies. Full article