Search Results (338)

Vasconcellea pubescens (mountain papaya) is an underutilized Andean fruit with distinctive nutritional and functional properties, yet its rapid softening and short shelf-life result in significant postharvest losses. This review summarizes current knowledge on the physiology of fruit development and ripening, with emphasis on cell wall disassembly, color changes, and ethylene regulation as determinants of postharvest quality. Advances in postharvest management strategies, including temperature control, packaging, and ethylene-modulating treatments (such as 1-MCP), are discussed in the context of preserving fruit firmness, extending shelf life, and reducing food waste. Furthermore, the high content of bioactive compounds—such as papain, phenolics, and flavonoids—underscores the potential of valorizing by-products through sustainable biotechnological applications. Despite recent progress, critical gaps remain in genomic resources, predictive quality monitoring, and large-scale implementation of preservation techniques. Addressing these challenges could enhance the economic and ecological value of V. pubescens, positioning it as both a model species for postharvest research and a promising fruit for reducing food losses in horticultural supply chains. Full article

The zucchini market is growing worldwide due to its health and nutritional properties and culinary versatility. However, fruits harvested in the early stages of development are very perishable, which requires efforts to extend their shelf life. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an innovative method involving a dynamically controlled atmosphere (DCA) and controlled atmosphere (CA) on the quality of zucchini stored at two temperatures (5 and 8 °C). After 20 d of cold storage, the fruit was further monitored under retail conditions (air, 15 °C). CA and DCA applied in a cold store at 8 °C improved the storage ability of the zucchini and allowed it to remain marketable for another 8 days at 15 °C. However, there were no significant effects of the storage method at 5 °C on the shelf life of zucchini at 15 °C. In addition, after storage at 8 °C under CA and DCA conditions, zucchini contained more total soluble solids (4.0%), glucose (8.0 g kg⁻¹), fructose (11.0 g kg⁻¹), and polyphenols (436 mg kg⁻¹) than those stored under normal atmosphere (3.6%, 6.2 g kg⁻¹, 9.9 g kg⁻¹, 377.8 mg kg⁻¹ respectively). The use of CA and DCA extends the shelf life and supports sustainable production and consumption of zucchini fruit. Full article

This study investigated the incorporation of Salicornia perennans powder as a natural antioxidant and functional ingredient in cooked sausages, with the aim of improving product quality and promoting sustainable production strategies. The inclusion of 3% Salicornia perennans resulted in a nutritionally favorable shift in the fatty acid profile, with a 1.5-fold increase in α-linolenic acid ALA and the presence of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA, along with improved PUFA/SFA and ω-6/ω-3 ratios. Lipid and protein oxidation were significantly suppressed during refrigerated storage, as evidenced by the reduced peroxide value of 10.6 vs. 12.8 meq/kg, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance value of 0.158 vs. 0.210 mg MDA/kg, acid value of 4.6 vs. 5.5 mg KOH/g, and carbonyl compound value of 101.9 vs. 112.3 nmol/mg protein compared to the control. Color stability was enhanced, with ΔE* values remaining below perceptible thresholds in Salicornia perennans-supplemented sausages, highlighting its role in preserving visual quality. Antioxidant capacity was markedly higher, with FRAP values of 14.5 mg GAE/g undetected in the control and improved DPPH radical-scavenging activity of 22.6% vs. 12.5%. These findings demonstrate that Salicornia perennans not only enriches meat products with bioactive compounds and health-promoting lipids but also reduces oxidative spoilage, thereby extending shelf life. The results emphasize the potential of halophyte-based ingredients to support technological innovation, environmental impact reduction, and the development of clean-label functional meat products aligned with sustainable production strategies. Full article

The Forgotten Baby Syndrome (FBS), the accidental abandonment of infants in vehicles, continues to result in otherwise preventable tragedies worldwide. This work presents a prototype system called SafeCuddle, designed to mitigate the risks associated with FBS. The proposed solution utilizes an Arduino UNO R4 WiFi microcontroller integrated with low-cost IoT sensors for real-time data acquisition and processing. Processed signals are visualized via a Python-based desktop application. A key feature of the system is its ability to issue immediate alerts to the driver upon detecting their departure from the vehicle while an infant remains seated in the vehicle. An extensive review of the syndrome’s etiology identifies disrupted routines and the high demands of modern life as primary contributing factors. In response, the proposed system can be easily implemented with commercial off-the-shelf components and aims to support caregivers by acting as a fail-safe mechanism. The paper is structured into two primary sections: (i) an analytical overview of FBS and its contributing factors and (ii) a detailed account of the system’s design, implementation, operational workflow, and evaluation results. The unique contribution of this work lies in the integration of a low-cost, real-time alert system within a modular and easily deployable architecture that can be integrated in existing infant car seats as an aftermarket solution, if properly commercialized, specifically tailored to prevent FBS through immediate driver feedback at the critical moment of risk. Full article

Postharvest studies on Cerrado fruits remain scarce, and the use of LED light during storage is a recent and promising strategy. Cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica DC.), a native Cerrado fruit with high nutritional and economic value, is also highly perishable, which limits its marketability. This study evaluated the postharvest quality of cagaita fruits stored under LED light of different wavelengths. Fruits were exposed to red, green, blue, or white LEDs, or kept in the dark (control), under continuous illumination (24 h per day) for 5 days at room temperature (25.7 ± 2 °C). Green LED light significantly (p < 0.05) increased lightness, chroma, vitamin C, and antioxidant activity (DPPH assay), while maintaining a more stable pH compared with the control and, in some cases, other LED treatments. Overall, green LED was the most effective treatment for preserving the physicochemical and bioactive quality of cagaita fruits during storage. These findings provide evidence that LED light can help extend shelf life and enhance the market potential of this native Cerrado fruit. Full article

This paper presents the final implemented design and performance evaluation of the ground-based C-band Cheia radar system, developed to enhance Romania’s contribution to the EU Space Surveillance and Tracking (EU SST) network. All data used for performance analysis are real-time, real-life measurements of true spatial test objects orbiting Earth. The radar is based on two decommissioned 32 m satellite communication antennas already present at the Cheia Satellite Communication Center, that were retrofitted for radar operation in a quasi-monostatic architecture. A Linear Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (LFMCW) Radar design was implemented, using low transmitted power (2.5 kW) and advanced software-defined signal processing for detection and tracking of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) targets. System validation involved dry-run acceptance tests and calibration campaigns with known reference satellites. The radar demonstrated accurate measurements of range, Doppler velocity, and angular coordinates, with the capability to detect objects with radar cross-sections as low as 0.03 m² at slant ranges up to 1200 km. Tracking of medium and large Radar Cross Section (RCS) targets remained robust under both fair and adverse weather conditions. This work highlights the feasibility of re-purposing legacy satellite infrastructure for SST applications. The Cheia radar provides a cost-effective, EUSST-compliant performance solution using primarily commercial off-the-shelf components. The system strengthens the EU SST network while demonstrating the advantages of LFMCW radar architectures in electromagnetically congested environments. Full article

The necessity to produce new biodegradable polymeric materials, to overcome the economic model, based on the linear economy, and to apply the circular economy model is a global problem. As a result, components unutilized derived from industrial processes are becoming increasingly valuable and useful to create new materials. This work focuses on the production of bioplastics based on poly (vinyl) alcohol (PVA) that have been modified with flavonoid fraction, liquid fraction obtained after digestion with cellulase and pectinase, and the solid material remaining after enzyme treatment, obtained from Citrus bergamia by-product (the so-called “pastazzo”). This last one is an almost completely unutilized product, although it is a potential rich source of biological active compounds. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic green extraction protocol have been employed to separate the different fractions and to make it more suitable to functionalize the PVA, suppling new properties to the bioplastics in a dose-dependent manner. Morpho-functional analysis was conducted by SEM, XRD, colorimetry, UV–visible and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Regarding optical properties, the obtained results show that transparency of the film in terms of light transmittance (T%) for PVA alone is very high, but when functionalized it had a reduced T%. From the data obtained, the functionalized films acquire antioxidant activity, as well as good mechanical properties, making them good candidates for biodegradable packaging for preserving the shelf life of different fruits and vegetables as confirmed by the food fresh-keeping test performed on apple samples. Full article

Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is a widely cultivated fruit tree species valued for its nutritional and sensory properties. The global market is dominated by a limited number of cultivars selected for appearance, shelf life, and consumer preference. As a result, many traditional or autochthonous cultivars, which often possess richer phytochemical profiles and greater environmental adaptability, remain underutilized. Herein, a comprehensive study of the sugar and organic acid content of the apple pulp and leaves of 19 autochthonous apple cultivars, along with 5 standard and 6 resistant cultivars for comparison, was undertaken. Fructose (47.9–74.0 mg/g FW), glucose (16.4–33.7 mg/g FW), and sucrose (25.0–34.0 mg/g FW) were detected at the highest concentrations in the apple pulp, while sorbitol (49.9–71.5 mg/g DW) predominated in the apple leaves. Principal component analysis identified xylose, quinic acid, shikimic acid, arabinose, raffinose, malic acid, citric acid, and isocitric acid as the main factors responsible for the classification patterns among cultivars. A number of autochthonous cultivars, such as ‘Gružanjska letnja kolačara’, ‘Šećeruša’, ‘Demirka’, and ‘Hajdučica’, showed characteristics comparable to commercial cultivars such as ‘Red Delicious’, ‘Golden Delicious’, and ‘Gala Galaxy’. The obtained results empasize the value of some of the analyzed cultivars and contribute to the broader re-evaluation of the local apple germplasm. Full article

Lycium barbarum L. (goji berry) undergoes rapid quality deterioration after harvest owing to its high water activity and abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS). Carbon-dot-mediated photodynamic treatment (CD-PDT) has recently been shown to extend shelf life by modulating ROS-scavenging and defense enzymes, yet the global metabolic reprogramming that supports this protection remains unresolved. Here, we applied ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS)-based untargeted metabolomics to decode the metabolic footprint of CD-PDT in freshly harvested goji berries. Our results revealed a total of 17,603 differentially expressed metabolites between the treatment and control groups under both positive- and negative-ion modes. Principal component analysis indicated that CD-mediated PDT significantly altered the metabolic profile of fresh goji berries. The treatment activated the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, promoting the accumulation of compounds such as kaempferol-3-sophoroside, kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside, and galactoside, thereby enhancing the antioxidant capacity of the fruit. Furthermore, CD-mediated PDT induced the tricarboxylic acid cycle, providing sufficient energy to support the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. In conclusion, these findings provide the systems-level evidence that CD-PDT orchestrates a coordinated activation of primary and secondary metabolism in postharvest goji berries, establishing a mechanistic framework for preservation of horticultural products. Full article

Polymers have long been central to modern materials science, but their durability has also made them major contributors to environmental pollution. A new generation of bio-based and nanostructured polymers is now reshaping this field, offering materials that are functional, reversible, and sustainable. This review examines their role across three interconnected domains: cultural heritage conservation, the protection of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs), and environmental sustainability. In heritage science, polymers are moving away from synthetic resins toward renewable systems such as chitosan, nanocellulose, and PLA, which provide stability while remaining reversible and compatible with delicate substrates. In agriculture, biodegradable coatings, controlled-release carriers, and edible films are improving MAP protection, extending shelf life, and reducing reliance on synthetic pesticides. In environmental applications, polymers are being reinvented as solutions rather than problems—through degradable mulches, functional hydrogels, and nanocomposites that clean soils and waters within a circular economy framework. Looking across these domains reveals strong synergies. The same principles—biodegradability, multifunctionality, and responsiveness—apply in each context, turning polymers from passive barriers into intelligent, adaptive systems. Their future success will depend not only on chemistry but also on life-cycle design, policy alignment, and public trust, making polymers key enablers of sustainability. Full article

Macroalgae-derived polyphenols have been considered as a potential source of food supplements that can enhance the nutritional value and extend the shelf life of foods. However, thermal treatment during food processing as well as storage might induce the degradation of some bioactive compounds in the extract. In the present study, the stability of the extract from the edible brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum was evaluated under thermal treatment (40–90 °C). Significant differences in TPC, RSC, and antioxidant activity were found during all treatments. The total phenol content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (DPPH scavenging activity) decreased up to 5% and 10%, respectively, after 6 h of thermal treatment, while the reducing sugar content (RSC) increased from 8 to 35% as the temperature increased from 40 to 90 °C. The stability of the extract during storage with or without exposure to air was evaluated at room temperature (25 °C) and low temperature (4 °C) for 108 h, and the influence of the solvent used to contain the extract has been investigated by studying both concentrated and non-concentrated extracts. It was found that the extract stored at 4 °C without exposure to air had a negligible TPC change, while RSC increased in the extract exposed to air, suggesting that oxygen in the air might accelerate polysaccharide degradation during storage. Antioxidant activity of extracts remained constant at both 4 and 25 °C, regardless of exposure to air. Full article

The increasing demand for natural and health-promoting food ingredients has spotlighted seaweed-derived pigments as promising alternatives to synthetic colorants. This review explores the potential of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phycobiliproteins extracted from various seaweed species for use in the food industry. These pigments offer not only a wide range of colors but also exhibit bioactivities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. The paper discusses recent advancements in sustainable aquaculture practices, extraction, purification, and stabilization techniques, including green and microencapsulation methods, to enhance pigment yield and shelf life. Furthermore, it highlights the regulatory landscape in the European Union and the United States, identifying key differences and challenges regarding pigment approval and commercialization. Despite their potential, large-scale industrial adoption remains constrained by technical, economic, and regulatory hurdles. Bridging these gaps through optimized bioprocesses and safety assessments is essential to fully leverage seaweed pigments in food systems. Full article

Moderate ozone exposure has emerged as a sustainable strategy to enhance postharvest quality in perishable fruits. This study investigated the effects of ozone treatment (2.14–19.27 mg/m³) on flat jujube during 70-day cold storage (0 °C). Results demonstrated that following 70 days of storage, the ideal ozone concentration (10.72 mg/m³, T2) led to a decrease in weight loss of 44.8% and preserved 66.7% firmness when compared to the control check (CK) group. The T2 group suppressed the respiration rate and delayed declines in total soluble solids (TSSs) and titratable acid (TA). Mechanistically, ozone enhances enzymatic activity, with T2 elevating superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxiredoxin (POD) activities while reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation. Total phenolics and flavonoids in T2 remained 42% and 52% higher than CK at 56 days, correlating with elevated 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) scavenging activities. Browning inhibition (25% lower than the CK group) is linked to suppressed polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and phenolic oxidation. Principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed ozone’s efficacy in delaying senescence via ROS homeostasis and antioxidant synergy. These findings establish moderate ozone as a novel, eco-friendly intervention to extend jujubes’ shelf life, emphasizing its dual role in quality preservation and oxidative stress regulation. Full article

Background: Mechanical damage to fruit during harvesting is nearly inevitable, with certain species, such as papaya, being particularly prone to spoilage. Postharvest handling can induce mechanical injuries that impair ripening and reduce shelf life, leading to significant economic losses. Although several studies have shed light on the molecular bases of mechanical damage, other aspects remain to be described (plant hormone inter-talk, physiological changes, and regulatory networks). Methods: In this study, we investigated proteomic changes in papaya fruit at two distinct ripening stages following mechanical damage. A total of 3230 proteins were identified, representing the most comprehensive proteomic analysis of papaya to date and the first assessment of proteins regulated by mechanical stress. Results: Proteins involved in ethylene biosynthesis were up-regulated on Day 2 but down-regulated on Day 12, with a similar trend observed for proteins in the abscisic acid synthesis pathway. Enzymes associated with photosynthesis, carbon fixation, primary metabolism, and carotenoid synthesis were down-regulated at both stages. In contrast, those related to plasmodesmata, calcium signaling, kinases, pathogenesis, cell wall remodeling, and proteases were up-regulated. Conclusions: These findings are thoroughly discussed, and a general model of the events triggered by mechanical impact in papaya is proposed. Our results provide a comprehensive framework for understanding papaya’s response to mechanical damage. Full article

Mango production plays a vital role in rural livelihoods in Mozambique, yet post-harvest losses remain high, ranging from 25% to over 50%, due to inadequate preservation methods. Improved solar drying technologies offer a sustainable solution by extending shelf life and enhancing product quality. However, their adoption among smallholder mango farmers remains limited. This study investigates the key barriers and drivers influencing the uptake of these technologies in three districts of Inhambane Province, through a combination of literature review and semi-structured interviews. Major barriers include limited technical knowledge, high upfront costs, poor market access, and limited institutional support. Field data show that over 80% of farmers are unaware of improved fruit drying techniques, and fewer than 5% have received any training. While the literature emphasizes environmental sustainability and policy support, field interviews highlight a stronger interest in practical enablers, such as affordable systems, hands-on training, and income-generating potential. The study calls for a multisectoral approach, involving financial support, capacity-building, and strengthened extension services to promote adoption. Scaling solar drying technologies can significantly reduce post-harvest losses and strengthen the mango value chain, contributing to food security and rural development in Mozambique. Full article