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40 pages, 1929 KB  
Review
The Evolution and Taxonomy of Deep Learning Models for Aircraft Trajectory Prediction: A Review of Performance and Future Directions
by NaeJoung Kwak and ByoungYup Lee
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(19), 10739; https://doi.org/10.3390/app151910739 - 5 Oct 2025
Viewed by 253
Abstract
Accurate aircraft trajectory prediction is fundamental to air traffic management, operational safety, and intelligent aerospace systems. With the growing availability of flight data, deep learning has emerged as a powerful tool for modeling the spatiotemporal complexity of 4D trajectories. This paper presents a [...] Read more.
Accurate aircraft trajectory prediction is fundamental to air traffic management, operational safety, and intelligent aerospace systems. With the growing availability of flight data, deep learning has emerged as a powerful tool for modeling the spatiotemporal complexity of 4D trajectories. This paper presents a comprehensive review of deep learning-based approaches for aircraft trajectory prediction, focusing on their evolution, taxonomy, performance, and future directions. We classify existing models into five groups—RNN-based, attention-based, generative, graph-based, and hybrid and integrated models—and evaluate them using standardized metrics such as the RMSE, MAE, ADE, and FDE. Common datasets, including ADS-B and OpenSky, are summarized, along with the prevailing evaluation metrics. Beyond model comparison, we discuss real-world applications in anomaly detection, decision support, and real-time air traffic management, and highlight ongoing challenges such as data standardization, multimodal integration, uncertainty quantification, and self-supervised learning. This review provides a structured taxonomy and forward-looking perspectives, offering valuable insights for researchers and practitioners working to advance next-generation trajectory prediction technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Aerospace Science and Engineering)
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25 pages, 5267 KB  
Article
Evolution of the Global Forage Products Trade Network and Implications for China’s Import Security
by Shuxia Zhang, Zihao Wei, Cha Cui and Mingli Wang
Agriculture 2025, 15(19), 2073; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15192073 - 2 Oct 2025
Viewed by 314
Abstract
Growing global supply chain uncertainties significantly threaten China’s forage import security. The evolving characteristics of the global forage trade network directly impact the stability of China’s supply. This study constructs a directed, weighted trade network based on global forage products trade data (2000–2024). [...] Read more.
Growing global supply chain uncertainties significantly threaten China’s forage import security. The evolving characteristics of the global forage trade network directly impact the stability of China’s supply. This study constructs a directed, weighted trade network based on global forage products trade data (2000–2024). Using complex network analysis methods, it systematically analyzes the network’s topological structure and evolutionary patterns, with a focus on their impact on China’s import security. The study addresses the following questions: What evolutionary patterns does the global forage trade network exhibit in terms of its topological structure? How does the evolution of this network impact the import security of forage products in China, specifically regarding supply chain stability and risk resilience? The research findings indicate the following: (1) From 2000 to 2024, the total volume of global forage products trade increased by 48.17%, primarily driven by forage products excluding alfalfa meal and pellets, which accounted for an average of 82.04% of volume annually. Additionally, the number of participating countries grew by 21.95%. (2) The global forage products trade network follows a power–law distribution, characterized by increasing network density, a clustering coefficient that initially declines and then rises, and a shortening of the average path length. (3) The core structure of the global forage products trade network shows an evolutionary trend of diffusion from core nodes in North America, Oceania, and Asia to multiple core nodes, including those in North America, Oceania, Europe, Africa, and Asia. (4) China’s forage products trade network displays distinct phase characteristics; however, imports face significant risks from high supply chain dependency and exposure to international price fluctuations. Based on these conclusions, it is recommended that China actively expands trade relations with potential product-exporting countries in Africa, encouraging enterprises to “go global.” Additionally, China should establish a three-dimensional supply chain security system, comprising maritime, land, and storage components, to enhance risk resistance and import safety. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Agricultural Economics, Policies and Rural Management)
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36 pages, 2757 KB  
Article
Research on the Fatigue Reliability of a Catenary Support Structure Under High-Speed Train Operation Conditions
by Guifeng Zhao, Chaojie Xin, Meng Wang and Meng Zhang
Buildings 2025, 15(19), 3542; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15193542 - 1 Oct 2025
Viewed by 121
Abstract
As the core component of electrified railway power supply systems, the fatigue performance and reliability of catenary support structures are directly related to the operational safety of high-speed railways. To address the problem of structural fatigue damage caused by increasing train speed and [...] Read more.
As the core component of electrified railway power supply systems, the fatigue performance and reliability of catenary support structures are directly related to the operational safety of high-speed railways. To address the problem of structural fatigue damage caused by increasing train speed and high-frequency operation, this study develops a refined finite element model including a support structure, suspension system and support column, and the dynamic response characteristics and fatigue life evolution law under train operation conditions are systematically analyzed. The results show that under the conditions of 250 km/h speed and 100 times daily traffic, the fatigue lives of the limit locator and positioning support are 43.56 years and 34.48 years, respectively, whereas the transverse cantilever connection and inclined cantilever have infinite life characteristics. When the train speed increases to 400 km/h, the annual fatigue damage of the positioning bearing increases from 0.029 to 0.065, and the service life is shortened by 55.7% to 15.27 years, which proves that high-speed working conditions significantly aggravate the deterioration of fatigue in the structure. The reliability analysis based on Monte Carlo simulation reveals that when the speed is 400 km/h and the daily traffic is 130 times, the structural reliability shows an exponential declining trend with increasing service life. If the daily traffic frequency exceeds 130, the 15-year reliability decreases to 92.5%, the 20-year reliability suddenly decreases to 82.4%, and there is a significant inflection point of failure in the 15–20 years of service. Considering the coupling effect of environmental factors (wind load, temperature and freezing), the actual failure risk may be higher than the theoretical value. On the basis of these findings, engineering suggestions are proposed: for high-speed lines with a daily traffic frequency of more than 130 times, shortening the overhaul cycle of the catenary support structure to 7–10 years and strengthening the periodic inspection and maintenance of positioning support and limit locators are recommended. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the safety assessment and maintenance decision making of high-speed railway catenary systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Buildings and Infrastructures under Natural Hazards)
17 pages, 2105 KB  
Article
Risk-Coupling Analysis and Control Mechanism of Port Dangerous Goods Transportation System
by Yongjun Chen, Xiang Lian, Lei Wang, Mengfan Li and Yuhan Zhang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(10), 1879; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13101879 - 1 Oct 2025
Viewed by 191
Abstract
With the integration of the global economy and the rapid development of port logistics, the port dangerous goods transportation system faces complex risk-coupling problems, and the probability of accidents keeps climbing. However, the existing research on the system risk-coupling mechanism and dynamic control [...] Read more.
With the integration of the global economy and the rapid development of port logistics, the port dangerous goods transportation system faces complex risk-coupling problems, and the probability of accidents keeps climbing. However, the existing research on the system risk-coupling mechanism and dynamic control mechanism is still insufficient, and there is an urgent need to construct a scientific risk analysis and control model. This study takes the port dangerous goods transportation system as the object, based on the four-factor framework of “personnel-machine-environment-management,” uses the N-K model to quantify the degree of risk coupling, analyzes the dynamic evolution mechanism of risk under the action of a single factor, and uses Dufferin’s oscillation and bifurcation response equation to reveal the interaction between the system’s internal defenses and the external influences. It is found that the coupled risk value of personnel–machine factors is the highest, and the sudden change in system state is characterized by a sudden jump and lag. The system stability can be significantly improved by enhancing internal damping control and optimizing external excitation regulation. This study provides a quantitative tool for the risk assessment of dangerous goods transportation in ports and theoretical support for the development of the “damping-excitation” synergistic control strategy, which is of great practical significance for the improvement of the port safety management system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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14 pages, 2107 KB  
Review
Threat and Control of tet(X)-Mediated Tigecycline-Resistant Acinetobacter sp. Bacteria
by Chong Chen, Taotao Wu, Jing Liu and Jie Gao
Foods 2025, 14(19), 3374; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14193374 - 29 Sep 2025
Viewed by 184
Abstract
Tigecycline is regarded as one of the last-resort antibiotics against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter sp. bacteria. Recently, the tigecycline-resistant Acinetobacter sp. isolates mediated by tet(X) genes have emerged as a class of global pathogens for humans and food-producing animals. However, the genetic diversities [...] Read more.
Tigecycline is regarded as one of the last-resort antibiotics against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter sp. bacteria. Recently, the tigecycline-resistant Acinetobacter sp. isolates mediated by tet(X) genes have emerged as a class of global pathogens for humans and food-producing animals. However, the genetic diversities and treatment options were not systematically discussed in the era of One Health. In this review, we provide a detailed illustration of the evolution route, distribution characteristics, horizontal transmission, and rapid detection of tet(X) genes in diverse Acinetobacter species. We also detail the application of chemical drugs, plant extracts, phages, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and CRISPR-Cas technologies for controlling tet(X)-positive Acinetobacter sp. pathogens. Despite excellent activities, the antibacterial spectrum and application safety need further evaluation and resolution. It is noted that deep learning is a promising approach to identify more potent antimicrobial compounds. Full article
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32 pages, 3204 KB  
Article
Eight-Disciplines Analysis Method and Quality Planning for Optimizing Problem-Solving in the Automotive Sector: A Case Study
by Liviu-Marius Cirtina, Adela-Eliza Dumitrascu, Danut Viorel Cazacu, Cătalina Aurora Ianasi, Constanța Rădulescu, Adina Milena Tătar, Minodora Maria Pasăre, Alin Nioață and Daniela Cirtina
Processes 2025, 13(10), 3121; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13103121 - 29 Sep 2025
Viewed by 245
Abstract
Meeting the demands for advanced technology and superior quality in the automotive industry has become essential. Continuous evolution requires a rigorous analysis of every step taken. Customers demand high performance in the technology, design, and digitalization, as well as, of course, quality at [...] Read more.
Meeting the demands for advanced technology and superior quality in the automotive industry has become essential. Continuous evolution requires a rigorous analysis of every step taken. Customers demand high performance in the technology, design, and digitalization, as well as, of course, quality at a competitive price. To meet these expectations, engineers ensure transparency and trust at every stage of the project, guaranteeing flawless execution. This paper aims to highlight a clear and transparent approach to the 8D analysis method, demonstrating its effectiveness in identifying and solving engineering problems. Furthermore, quality planning and 8D analysis are fundamental pillars of quality management in the automotive industry. To ensure a comprehensive and well-founded approach, this paper combines several research methods: a review of the specialized literature, a hypothetical case study approach, and comparative analysis. The proposed methodology allows for a deep understanding of the concepts addressed, facilitating their applicability in real situations. The main conclusions drawn from this research are that quality planning in an automotive buckle development project has proven to be an essential and complex process, directly influencing the success of the project, the safety of end users, and their satisfaction. The analysis of the implementation of the quality planning process, as previously described, has highlighted several fundamental aspects that must be considered to ensure the success and performance of such a project. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Production and Industrial Engineering in Metal Processing)
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23 pages, 2269 KB  
Review
A Review of Human–Robot Collaboration Safety in Construction
by Peng Lin, Ningshuang Zeng, Qiming Li and Konrad Nübel
Systems 2025, 13(10), 856; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13100856 - 29 Sep 2025
Viewed by 578
Abstract
Integrating human–robot collaboration (HRC) into construction sites has significantly enhanced efficiency and quality. However, it also introduces new or intensifies existing risks as it brings in new entities, relationships, and construction activities. Safety remains the top priority and a persistent concern in HRC [...] Read more.
Integrating human–robot collaboration (HRC) into construction sites has significantly enhanced efficiency and quality. However, it also introduces new or intensifies existing risks as it brings in new entities, relationships, and construction activities. Safety remains the top priority and a persistent concern in HRC systems. However, the current literature on human–robot collaboration safety (HRCS) is vast yet fragmented, and a systematic exploration of its status and research trends in the construction context is still lacking. This paper explores advances in HRCS over the past two decades through a mixed quantitative and qualitative analysis method. Initially, 287 related articles were identified by keyword-searching in Scopus, followed by bibliometric analysis using CiteSpace to uncover the knowledge structure and track emerging research trends. Subsequently, a qualitative discussion highlights achievements in HRCS across five dimensions: (1) optimization of remote intelligent machinery; (2) hazard analysis and risk assessment in HRCS; (3) digital twin for safety monitoring; (4) cognitive and psychological impacts; (5) organizational management perspective. This study quantitatively maps the scientific landscape of HRCS at a macro level and qualitatively identifies key research areas. It provides a comprehensive foundation for understanding the evolution of HRCS and exploring future research directions and applications. Full article
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11 pages, 1723 KB  
Perspective
New Approaches to Treatment of Tricuspid Regurgitation
by Carlo Rostagno, Alfredo Cerillo, Anna Rita Manca, Camilla Tozzetti and Pier Luigi Stefàno
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(19), 6878; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14196878 - 28 Sep 2025
Viewed by 435
Abstract
Tricuspid valve diseases are an increasing cause of cardiovascular mortality, peaking in the eighth decade of life. More than 75% of severe tricuspid regurgitations are recognized via functional mechanisms, often secondary to left heart disease and pulmonary hypertension. Surgical risk for isolated correction [...] Read more.
Tricuspid valve diseases are an increasing cause of cardiovascular mortality, peaking in the eighth decade of life. More than 75% of severe tricuspid regurgitations are recognized via functional mechanisms, often secondary to left heart disease and pulmonary hypertension. Surgical risk for isolated correction of tricuspid regurgitation, both repair or replacement, is associated with prohibitive risk mainly in elderly patients, with several comorbidities and right ventricular dysfunction. In the past decade, different percutaneous devices have been developed to treat a large group of high-surgical-risk patients. Early diagnosis and careful patient selection are essential to improving prognosis in severe TR. Potential treatment options may vary in different stages of disease. The current available results from present studies have proven the safety and effectiveness of these devices under proper clinical indications, although selection bias and non-randomization in most investigations at present do not allow for definite indications. Ideal anatomic and clinical parameters to predict interventional success are in continuous evolution and need definite standardization. We report three cases in which different percutaneous techniques were employed for treatment when surgery was not suitable. The literature is discussed for each condition. Despite promising results in terms of safety and success rate, further randomized studies are needed to better understand which patients may be subject to long-term effects on survival and quality of life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Cardiology)
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16 pages, 2916 KB  
Article
Synergistic Regulation of Solvation Shell and Anode Interface by Bifunctional Additives for Stable Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries
by Luo Zhang, Die Chen, Chenxia Zhao, Haibo Tian, Gaoda Li, Xiaohong He, Gengpei Xia, Yafan Luo and Dingyu Yang
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(19), 1482; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15191482 - 28 Sep 2025
Viewed by 336
Abstract
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted significant attention for large-scale energy storage owing to their high safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, issues such as dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, and corrosion at the zinc anode severely limit their cycling stability. In this [...] Read more.
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted significant attention for large-scale energy storage owing to their high safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, issues such as dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, and corrosion at the zinc anode severely limit their cycling stability. In this study, a “synergistic solvation shell–interfacial adsorption regulation” strategy is proposed, employing potassium gluconate (KG) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as composite additives to achieve highly reversible zinc anodes. DMSO integrates into the Zn2+ solvation shell, weakening Zn2+-H2O interactions and suppressing the activity of free water, while gluconate anions preferentially adsorb onto the zinc anode surface, inducing the formation of a robust solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) enriched in Zn(OH)2 and ZnCO3. Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR), Raman, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) analyses confirm the reconstruction of the solvation structure and reduction in water activity, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) verifies the formation of the SEI layer. Benefiting from this strategy, Zn||Zn symmetric cells exhibit stable cycling for over 1800 h at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2, and Zn||Cu cells achieve an average coulombic efficiency of 96.39%, along with pronounced suppression of the hydrogen evolution reaction. This work provides a new paradigm for the design of low-cost and high-performance electrolyte additives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Energy Storage in Aqueous Zinc Batteries)
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20 pages, 6389 KB  
Article
Study on Characteristics and Numerical Simulation of a Convective Low-Level Wind Shear Event at Xining Airport
by Juan Gu, Yuting Qiu, Shan Zhang, Xinlin Yang, Shi Luo and Jiafeng Zheng
Atmosphere 2025, 16(10), 1137; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16101137 - 27 Sep 2025
Viewed by 179
Abstract
Low-level wind shear (LLWS) is a critical issue in aviation meteorology, posing serious risks to flight safety—especially at plateau airports with high elevation and complex terrain. This study investigates a convective wind shear event at Xining Airport on 29 May 2021. Multi-source observations—including [...] Read more.
Low-level wind shear (LLWS) is a critical issue in aviation meteorology, posing serious risks to flight safety—especially at plateau airports with high elevation and complex terrain. This study investigates a convective wind shear event at Xining Airport on 29 May 2021. Multi-source observations—including the Doppler Wind Lidar (DWL), the Doppler weather radar (DWR), reanalysis datasets, and automated weather observation systems (AWOS)—were integrated to examine the event’s fine-scale structure and temporal evolution. High-resolution simulations were conducted using the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) framework within the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Results indicate that the formation of this wind shear was jointly triggered by convective downdrafts and the gust front. A northwesterly flow with peak wind speeds of 18 m/s intruded eastward across the runway, generating multiple radial velocity couplets on the eastern side, closely associated with mesoscale convergence and divergence. A vertical shear layer developed around 700 m above ground level, and the critical wind shear during aircraft go-around was linked to two convergence zones east of the runway. The event lasted about 30 min, producing abrupt changes in wind direction and vertical velocity, potentially causing flight path deviation and landing offset. Analysis of horizontal, vertical, and glide-path wind fields reveals the spatiotemporal evolution of the wind shear and its impact on aviation safety. The WRF-LES accurately captured key features such as wind shifts, speed surges, and vertical disturbances, with strong agreement to observations. The integration of multi-source observations with WRF-LES improves the accuracy and timeliness of wind shear detection and warning, providing valuable scientific support for enhancing safety at plateau airports. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Meteorology)
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11 pages, 1538 KB  
Article
The Gas Migration During the Drainage Process of Ultra-Long Directional Boreholes in Coal Seams
by Shuaiyin He, Mingyao Wei and Yingke Liu
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(19), 10420; https://doi.org/10.3390/app151910420 - 25 Sep 2025
Viewed by 180
Abstract
The use of ultra-long directional drilling holes for large-scale pre-drainage of gas in coal seams offers advantages such as extensive coverage and high efficiency, but its effectiveness in deep coal seams remains unclear. Focusing on the seepage characteristics of the No. 8 coal [...] Read more.
The use of ultra-long directional drilling holes for large-scale pre-drainage of gas in coal seams offers advantages such as extensive coverage and high efficiency, but its effectiveness in deep coal seams remains unclear. Focusing on the seepage characteristics of the No. 8 coal seam in the Baode Mining Area of Shanxi Province, experimental tests were conducted to investigate the evolution of dual-scale porosity permeability. The relationship between matrix/fracture permeability and effective stress were built. Utilizing numerical simulations, this study reveals the nonlinear mechanism in which permeability behavior during gas drainage is jointly influenced by pore pressure reduction and matrix shrinkage. Field measurements and simulation results demonstrated that in shallow borehole regions (<1500 m), permeability increased by up to 3.5 times, while in deeper regions (>2000 m), drainage efficiency significantly declined due to limited pressure drop propagation. These findings provide theoretical support for optimizing the layout of ultra-long directional drilling holes, enhancing gas drainage efficiency, and ensuring safe mining operations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Mining and Geotechnical Engineering)
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19 pages, 10988 KB  
Article
Damage and Deterioration Characteristics of Sandstone Under Multi-Stage Equal-Amplitude Intermittent Cyclic Loading and Unloading
by Ning Jiang, Yangyang Zhang, Zhiyou Gao, Genwang Zhang, Quanlin Feng and Chao Gong
Buildings 2025, 15(19), 3459; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15193459 - 24 Sep 2025
Viewed by 199
Abstract
The surrounding rocks of roadways are typically subjected to cyclic loading–unloading stress states in underground engineering. In addition, cyclic loads are discontinuous under real working conditions, usually while loading rock mass in a cycle–intermission–cycle manner. Based on the XTDIC 3D (XTOP Three-dimensional Digital [...] Read more.
The surrounding rocks of roadways are typically subjected to cyclic loading–unloading stress states in underground engineering. In addition, cyclic loads are discontinuous under real working conditions, usually while loading rock mass in a cycle–intermission–cycle manner. Based on the XTDIC 3D (XTOP Three-dimensional Digital Image Correlation) full-field strain measurement system and AE (Acoustic Emission) system, the work performed uniaxial cyclic loading–unloading tests with constant-pressure durations of 0, 0.5, 2, and 6 h. The purpose was to investigate the damage degradation mechanism of sandstone under multi-stage equal-amplitude intermittent cyclic loading and unloading. The results are as follows. (1) As the constant-pressure duration increased, the uniaxial compressive strength of sandstone samples decreased, along with a decline in elastic modulus and a deterioration in stiffness and deformation recovery capacity. (2) The evolution of deformation localization zones became more intense in sandstone samples during cyclic loading and unloading with the increased constant-pressure duration. The maximum principal strain field became more active at failure. Sandstone samples exhibited shear failure accompanied by spalling failure and an increased failure degree. (3) As the constant-pressure duration increased, the damage variable of sandstone samples increased, indicating that the constant-pressure stage promoted the damage degradation of sandstone samples. The above results reveal the damage degradation mechanism of sandstone under multi-stage equal-amplitude intermittent cyclic loading and unloading, which is of significant importance for maintaining the safety of underground engineering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Building Energy, Physics, Environment, and Systems)
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14 pages, 3250 KB  
Article
An IoT-Enabled System for Monitoring and Predicting Physicochemical Parameters in Rosé Wine Storage Process
by Xu Zhang, Jihong Yang, Ruijie Zhao, Ziquan Qin and Zhuojun Xie
Inventions 2025, 10(5), 84; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions10050084 - 24 Sep 2025
Viewed by 247
Abstract
The evolution of the winemaking industry towards intelligent and digitalized systems is crucial for precision winemaking and ensuring product safety. In this context, the Internet of Things (IoT) provides a key strategy for real-time monitoring and data management throughout the winemaking process. However, [...] Read more.
The evolution of the winemaking industry towards intelligent and digitalized systems is crucial for precision winemaking and ensuring product safety. In this context, the Internet of Things (IoT) provides a key strategy for real-time monitoring and data management throughout the winemaking process. However, comprehensive multi-parameter IoT-based monitoring and time-series prediction of physicochemical parameters during storage are currently lacking, limiting the ability to assess storage conditions and provide early warning of quality deterioration. To address these gaps, a multi-parameter IoT monitoring system was designed and developed to track conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and temperature in real time. Data were transmitted via a 4th-generation (4G) mobile communication module to the TLINK cloud platform for storage and visualization. An 80-day storage experiment confirmed the system’s reliability for long-term monitoring, and analysis of parameter trends demonstrated its effectiveness in assessing storage conditions and wine quality evolution. Furthermore, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) models, and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) were implemented to predict physicochemical parameter trends. The TCN model achieved the highest predictive performance, with coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.955, 0.968, and 0.971 for conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and temperature, respectively, while LSTM and GRU showed comparable results. These results demonstrate that integrating IoT-based multi-parameter monitoring with deep learning time-series prediction enables real-time detection of abnormal storage and quality deterioration, providing a novel and practical framework for early warning throughout the wine storage process. Full article
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15 pages, 1952 KB  
Review
Redefining Aortic Valve Replacement: The Transition from Open Surgery to Transcatheter Innovation
by Frances Lodge, Fady Soliman, Viswajit Kandula, Marco Tagliafierro and Luigi Pirelli
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(19), 6761; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14196761 - 24 Sep 2025
Viewed by 488
Abstract
Aortic valve replacement (AVR) has evolved dramatically, transitioning from open surgery to minimally invasive and transcatheter approaches. This review examines the historical and technological advancements in AVR, focusing on the evolution of mechanical and bioprosthetic valves, valve-sparing techniques, and the Ross procedure. Mechanical [...] Read more.
Aortic valve replacement (AVR) has evolved dramatically, transitioning from open surgery to minimally invasive and transcatheter approaches. This review examines the historical and technological advancements in AVR, focusing on the evolution of mechanical and bioprosthetic valves, valve-sparing techniques, and the Ross procedure. Mechanical valves offer superior durability but require lifelong anticoagulation, while bioprosthetic valves avoid this need at the expense of long-term durability. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), originally reserved for high-risk patients, is now used across all risk profiles due to growing evidence of safety and efficacy from major trials like PARTNER and Core Valve. Despite its benefits, TAVR presents some challenges, including paravalvular leak, pacemaker implantation, and uncertain long-term durability, especially in younger patients. Valve-in-valve techniques, novel valve designs, and anti-calcification treatments offer promising solutions. Looking forward, the integration of artificial intelligence and personalized procedural planning will play a key role in optimizing outcomes. As AVR technology advances, careful patient selection and a multidisciplinary approach remain essential to guiding individualized treatment decisions. Full article
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15 pages, 3532 KB  
Article
Evolution of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of P92 Main Steam Pipelines After Long-Term Service
by Haitao Dong, Xianxi Xia, Qinzheng Ma, Yunting Lai, Xiao Jin and Baoyin Zhu
Materials 2025, 18(19), 4432; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18194432 - 23 Sep 2025
Viewed by 206
Abstract
P92 martensitic heat-resistant steel is widely used in ultra-supercritical (USC) thermal power units due to its excellent creep resistance and high-temperature strength. However, prolonged exposure to high temperatures induces significant microstructural degradation, compromising mechanical properties and operational safety. This study investigates the evolution [...] Read more.
P92 martensitic heat-resistant steel is widely used in ultra-supercritical (USC) thermal power units due to its excellent creep resistance and high-temperature strength. However, prolonged exposure to high temperatures induces significant microstructural degradation, compromising mechanical properties and operational safety. This study investigates the evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties in P92 steel extracted from main steam pipelines after service durations of 30,000 h, 47,000 h, 56,000 h, 70,000 h, and 93,000 h. Comparative analyses of impact toughness, tensile strength, and creep strength were conducted and advanced characterization of SEM and TEM was used to investigate the microstructural evolution. The results reveal a progressive decline in mechanical properties with increasing service time. Specifically, impact toughness decreased by approximately 66.8%, room-temperature tensile strength reduced by 9.62%, and high-temperature tensile strength at 610 °C declined by 31.6%. Notably, the 105 hour creep rupture strength exhibited a 10.4% decrease compared to as-received material. This decline is attributed to microstructural changes including precipitate coarsening, martensite lath boundary degradation, dislocation reconfiguration, and severe grain coarsening. The coarsening of precipitates weakens their bonding with the matrix, while the widening of martensite laths reduces resistance to crack propagation and dislocation movement, jointly contributing to strength deterioration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Manufacturing Processes and Systems)
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