Search Results (935)

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate marjoram’s ameliorative effects in a letrozole-induced PCOS rat model and to explore its mechanism of action, focusing on Nrf2 activation and NF-κB suppression in ovarian tissue. Methods: In this study, PCOS was induced by the oral administration of letrozole (1 mg/kg/day) for 21 days. Rats were then divided into six groups: control (0.5% CMC), letrozole, letrozole + metformin (2 mg/100 g), and letrozole + MRJ extract (20, 40, or 60 mg/kg). All groups received oral treatment for 21 days. Biochemical analysis was performed using serum and plasma; while ovarian tissue homogenate was used for antioxidant enzymes and inflammatory and apoptosis biomarkers. Results: The letrozole-treated animals exhibited significant increases in final body weights, as well as ovary length and weight. In terms of biochemical parameters, there were significant increases in fasting blood glucose and insulin, HOMA-IR, and serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), and LDL-c and a decrease in HDL levels. Concerning the hormonal profile, testosterone and LH levels were significantly elevated while a notable decrease in FSH and estradiol levels was observed. Similarly, letrozole-treated rats showed significantly elevated levels of MDA and many other inflammatory mediators such as IL-6, TNF-α, and ICAM-1. A significant increase in the markers of intrinsic cell apoptosis, such as Bax and caspase-3, and the reduced levels of Bcl-2 and antioxidant mediators, including GSH, SOD, and HO-1, as well as mRNA and nuclear expression of Nrf2, compared to control rats, have been reported. The ovaries of the rats with PCOS treated with metformin and MRJ (60 mg/kg) showed the most significant improvements. Similarly, TEM also demonstrated a dose-dependent ameliorating effect. Conclusions: The current study highlights marjoram’s protective effect against letrozole-induced ovarian damage in rats with polycystic ovarian syndrome, suggesting its potential as a complementary and therapeutic agent for managing PCOS. Full article

This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with varying doses of Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, serum biochemical parameters, fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and fecal microbiota in preweaning Holstein calves. Forty healthy newborn Holstein heifer calves with comparable birth weights were randomly assigned to four groups (control, 1 g/d supplementation, 3 g/d supplementation, and 5 g/d supplementation) for a 60-day trial. Growth parameters, diarrhea incidence, serum immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM), cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α), antioxidant indicators (T-AOC, MDA), fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and microbial composition were measured to evaluate the effects of C. butyricum. The results indicated that calves in the 5 g/d group exhibited a significantly higher average daily gain (ADG) compared with the control group (804.67 vs. 701.67 g/d, p < 0.05), with no significant differences in feed intake observed among groups (p > 0.05). During Days 22–42, the diarrhea incidence in the 5 g/d group was 7.74% lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). This group exhibited significantly elevated serum IgM levels (Day 42, p < 0.05) and reduced IL-1β concentrations (Day 42, p < 0.05). Additionally, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was significantly enhanced (Days 42 and 60, p < 0.05), while malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly decreased (Days 21 and 42, p < 0.05). At Day 42, fecal propionate and butyrate concentrations were significantly elevated in the 5 g/d group (p < 0.05), while the relative abundances of Bacteroides, Acidaminococcus, Bifidobacterium, Olsenella, Faecalitalea, and Ruminococcus were significantly increased (p < 0.05). The increase in these short-chain fatty acids and beneficial bacteria contributes to improved intestinal health and thus helps alleviate diarrhea. These findings indicate that supplementing preweaning calves’ milk with 5 g/d of C. butyricum significantly enhances growth performance and intestinal health. This provides evidence for the use of C. butyricum as a natural alternative to antibiotics in calf rearing. Full article

Background/Objectives: This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effects of casein-enriched milk (CEM) consumption and its timing (presleep vs. during the day) in the early postoperative period on body composition, muscle strength, physical function, and biochemical parameters in individuals undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Methods: Forty-five adults (60% female, 40% male; mean age 35.1 ± 9.7 years; mean BMI 41.4 ± 4.9 kg/m²) undergoing SG were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) 15 g protein CEM (12 g casein) presleep, (2) the same CEM during the day, or (3) standard-protein diet without supplementation. The primary endpoint was change in fat-free mass (FFM) at 12 weeks; secondary endpoints included handgrip strength, 30 s sit-to-stand test, and serum total protein, albumin, and prealbumin. Assessments were performed preoperatively and at weeks 4, 8, and 12. Results: No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of body composition, muscle strength, or physical performance measurements (p > 0.05). However, a significant increase in handgrip strength was observed over time in Groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.05), which was not observed in Group 3. Prealbumin levels at week 12 were 0.3 ± 0.0 mg/dL in Group 1 and 0.2 ± 0.0 mg/dL in Group 2, both higher than 0.2 ± 0.0 mg/dL in Group 3 (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in albumin and total protein levels (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Early postoperative CEM consumption following SG did not significantly affect body composition or physical performance; however, the higher prealbumin levels indicate that this marker may be more sensitive in detecting early protein response, highlighting its potential clinical relevance in monitoring nutritional status after bariatric surgery. Full article

This study investigated the effects of different forage-to-concentrate (F:C) ratios during cold-season supplementation on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, hormone levels, and antioxidant capacity in yak calves on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Eighteen 8-months-old male yaks with similar body weights (110.01 ± 2.08 kg) were randomly assigned to two groups receiving diets with high (F:C = 7:3) or low (F:C = 3:7) forage. The trial lasted 60 days, including early (days 0–30) and late (days 31–60) experimental stages. Body weight was measured, and serum samples were collected on days 30 and 60 for biochemical and hormonal analyses. Yaks in the low-forage group showed significantly greater average daily gain during both stages and the entire experiment (p < 0.05), with a 7.92% increase in final body weight. Serum total protein and globulin levels were significantly higher in the low-forage group throughout the trial (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), while other biochemical parameters remained unaffected. Growth hormone concentrations were significantly elevated in the low-forage group at both stages (p < 0.05). Additionally, malondialdehyde levels tended to decrease in the early stage (p = 0.056), and total antioxidant capacity was significantly lower in the late experimental stage (p = 0.040) in the low-forage group. A higher net economic benefit was observed in the group fed an F:C ratio of 3:7 than in the 7:3 group. These findings suggest that cold-season supplementation with a low-forage diet improves growth performance and protein utilization in yak calves but may negatively impact antioxidant status. An optimal F:C balance should therefore be considered to support both performance and health in yak husbandry under harsh environmental conditions. Full article

Background/Objectives: Myocardial infarction (MI) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, driven largely by underlying coronary artery disease (CAD). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play pivotal mechanistic roles in endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerotic plaque progression, and subsequent cardiac injury. Excessive production of these reactive species disrupts cellular redox balance, promotes mitochondrial dysfunction, and accelerates vascular inflammation, ultimately contributing to plaque rupture and MI. This study aimed to investigate the mechanistic associations and clinical correlations of individual ROS and RNS markers in patients with MI. Methods: We conducted a case–control study including 86 patients with MI and 60 age- and sex-matched controls without cardiovascular disease, recruited from the Medina Cardiac Center in Saudi Arabia. The MI cohort was subdivided into ST-elevation MI (STEMI, n = 62) and non-ST-elevation MI (NSTEMI, n = 24) to explore potential differences in oxidative and nitrosative stress profiles. Serum levels of multiple ROS (including hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide anion) and RNS (including nitric oxide and peroxynitrite) were quantified using validated fluorescence-based assays. Clinical and biochemical parameters, including lipid profiles, troponin, and left ventricular ejection fraction, were also assessed. Results: Most ROS and RNS markers were significantly elevated in MI patients compared to controls (p < 0.05), except for nitrogen dioxide. Moderate to strong positive correlations were observed between ROS/RNS levels and serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001). In contrast, weak or non-significant correlations were found between ROS/RNS markers and serum troponin or left ventricular ejection fraction. Both STEMI and NSTEMI subgroups demonstrated significantly higher oxidative and nitrosative stress levels compared to controls, with distinct patterns between the subtypes. Conclusions: This study underscores a mechanistic link between elevated ROS/RNS levels and myocardial infarction, supporting the importance of targeting oxidative and nitrosative pathways as potential therapeutic strategies. Full article

Mannan oligosaccharide (MOS), a prebiotic derived from yeast cell walls, has been shown to enhance growth performance and health status in various aquatic species. As an exogenous antigen adjuvant, MOS modulates T-cell-mediated immune responses, thereby improving immune function and suppressing excessive inflammatory reactions. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary MOS supplementation on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, muscle composition, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant and immune status, and the mTOR signaling pathway in juvenile GIFT tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Juveniles (initial body weight: 16.17 ± 1.32 g) were randomly assigned to six treatment groups (three replicate tanks per group) and fed diets supplemented with MOS at 0, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1% (equivalent to 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g/kg of diet, respectively) for 60 days. Compared with the control group, fish fed MOS-supplemented diets exhibited significantly higher (p < 0.05) weight gain rates, specific growth rates, and protein efficiency ratios, along with a significantly lower (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio. Serum albumin, high-density lipoprotein, and lysozyme levels were significantly increased (p < 0.05), whereas triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase levels were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). In the liver, head kidney, and spleen, the expression of pro-inflammatory genes (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, and interferon γ) was significantly downregulated (p < 0.05), while the expression of antioxidant and protective genes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase, interleukin-10, transforming growth factor β, and heat shock protein 70) as well as mTOR signaling pathway-related genes (mammalian target of rapamycin, akt protein kinase B, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, and ribosomal protein S6 kinase polypeptide 1) was significantly upregulated (p < 0.05). Overall, MOS positively affects tilapia’s growth, health, and immunity, with 0.60% identified as the optimal dietary level based on growth performance. Full article

Background and Objectives: Hypocitraturia is a major risk factor for calcium-containing kidney stone disease. Citrate inhibits stone formation by binding calcium in the urine. The SLC13A2 gene encodes the sodium-dependent dicarboxylate cotransporter 1 (NaDC1), a membrane transport protein that facilitates citrate reabsorption in the proximal renal tubules. Variants in this gene, such as rs11568476 (V477M), have been shown to significantly impair transporter activity. This study aimed to investigate the presence of the rs11568476 polymorphism in SLC13A2 and its association with hypocitraturia in Turkish patients with calcium-containing kidney stones. To our knowledge, this is the first genetic study evaluating this polymorphism in a Turkish cohort. Materials and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included 90 patients diagnosed with calcium-containing kidney stones at Düzce University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology. Based on 24 h urinary citrate levels, patients were divided into two groups: normocitraturic (n = 38) and hypocitraturic (n = 52). Blood and 24 h urine samples were analyzed for biochemical parameters. The rs11568476 polymorphism in SLC13A2 was analyzed using Real-Time PCR. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, gender, and most biochemical parameters. Serum uric acid levels were significantly higher in the hypocitraturic group (p = 0.002), whereas family history of stone disease was more prevalent in the normocitraturic group (p = 0.024). Genetic analysis revealed no polymorphism in the rs11568476 region; all patients exhibited the homozygous wild-type genotype (GG). Conclusions: No association was observed between the rs11568476 polymorphism and hypocitraturia in this cohort. The absence of the polymorphism suggests that this variant may be rare or absent in the Turkish population. These findings highlight the importance of investigating additional genetic and environmental contributors to hypocitraturia and nephrolithiasis through larger, multicenter studies. Full article

Background/Objectives: Increasing evidence indicates that a vegetarian diet may provide renal protection and improve metabolic health in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, transitioning from an omnivorous to a vegetarian diet can be challenging. A more practical alternative could be to increase the consumption of plant protein. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the association between increased plant protein intake and adherence to a low-protein diet (LPD) and the effect on biochemical parameters, body composition, and muscle strength in patients with non-dialysis CKD stages 3–5. Methods: The daily dietary intake of 377 patients, aged 68.5 ± 12.1 years, was evaluated using a quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Plant protein intake percentage was calculated as (daily plant protein intake/total protein intake) × 100%, and the potential renal acid load (PRAL) was estimated. A LPD was defined as a diet with a daily protein intake of <0.8 g/kg of body weight. Anthropometric measurements, body composition, and handgrip strength were assessed in a subgroup comprising 260 patients. The lean tissue index (LTI) and fat tissue index (FTI) were calculated by dividing lean mass and fat mass (kg) by the height in m², respectively. Results: Of the included 377 patients, 69.5% adhered to the LPD. Further, a 10% increase in plant protein intake was associated with a 20% increase in the likelihood of LPD adherence (OR, 1.20, 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.37), lower PRAL (β = −1.10 per 10% increase, 95% CI, −1.63 to −0.57), and higher serum bicarbonate levels (β = 0.24, 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.45). Analysis of the 260-patient subgroup revealed that a 10% increase in plant protein intake was associated with lower body mass index (β = −0.82, 95% CI, −1.05 to −0.59), FTI (β = −0.71, 95% CI, −1.01 to −0.40), waist circumference (β = −2.11, 95% CI, −2.80 to −1.41), hip circumference (β = −1.25, 95% CI, −1.75 to −0.75), waist-to-hip ratio (β = −0.91, 95% CI, −1.44 to −0.38), and waist-to-height ratio (β = −1.25, 95% CI, −1.71 to −0.80). There was no significant association between increased plant protein intake and LTI and handgrip strength. Conclusions: Increased intake of plant protein can reduce dietary acid load, alleviate metabolic acidosis, and potentially improve adiposity parameters without compromising lean mass and handgrip strength. Full article

This study evaluated the effects of rumen-protected chromium-nicotinic acid (RPCNA) supplementation on lactation performance, nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation, serum biochemical parameters and antioxidant in lactating water buffaloes under conditions of a critical thermal comfort index (TCI). Healthy lactating water buffaloes (milk yield = 5.96 ± 0.21 kg; parity = 2.96 ± 0.15, mean ± SD) were randomly assigned to four groups, which were the control (without RPCNA), and three treatment groups designated as RPCNA2, RPCNA4, and RPCNA6, with 0, 2, 4, and 6 mg/(d·head) of RPCNA, respectively. During a 56-day experimental period, the average temperature was 29 °C with an average TCI of 40.60, indicating a critical state of environmental stress. The results showed that the addition of RPCNA to the diet had no significant effect on the apparent digestibility of nutrients, lactation performance, and dry matter intake in lactating water buffaloes. However, RPCNA supplementation positively influenced rumen fermentation, reducing ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) concentrations and promoting microbial protein synthesis. Supplementation with RPCNA4 and RPCNA6 decreased rumen NH₃-N levels by 48.3% and 36.4%, respectively, while RPCNA4 increased isobutyrate concentrations. This demonstrates that the coating technology does not provide 100% rumen protection. Serum analysis revealed that RPCNA significantly increases total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). Additionally, the supplementation of 4 mg/(d·head) of RPCNA, improved serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. These findings suggest that moderate doses of RPCNA supplementation can improve antioxidant status and rumen nitrogen metabolism in lactating water buffaloes under critical state, without significantly altering milk production or composition. Full article

Mycotoxin contamination in animal feed can cause acute or chronic adverse effects on growth, productivity, and immune function in livestock. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of difructose anhydride III (DFA III) supplementation on serum biochemical parameters and intestinal environment in Japanese Black (JB) breeding cows under low-level chronic dietary exposure to zearalenone (ZEN). Using urinary ZEN concentration as an indicator of exposure, 25 JB cows were selected from a breeding farm with confirmed natural feed contamination. Blood samples were collected before DFA III supplementation (day 0), and on days 20 and 40 post-supplementation. Serum biochemical parameters and short-chain fatty acid concentrations were measured. During the studies, dietary ZEN concentration increased, yet improvements were observed in liver function, nutritional status, immune response, and inflammatory markers. Notably, serum butyrate concentration significantly increased following DFA III administration. These findings suggest that DFA III may positively influence intestinal microflora and enhance intestinal barrier function, which could contribute to improved health and nutritional status in cattle exposed to low-level chronic dietary ZEN contamination. DFA III supplementation may represent a promising strategy for mitigating the effects of low-level mycotoxin exposure in livestock production systems. Full article

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by axial skeletal involvement and systemic metabolic changes. While inflammation is central to its pathophysiology, the potential role of thyroid hormones, particularly free triiodothyronine (FT3), in disease risk and activity remains underexplored. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between serum FT3 levels and both the presence and clinical activity of AS, while also examining other endocrine-metabolic parameters. In this cross-sectional study, 120 AS patients and 117 healthy controls were assessed. Demographic, anthropometric, hematologic, and biochemical parameters were recorded. Disease activity was determined using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), with BASDAI ≥ 4 indicating active disease. Logistic regression models adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and other relevant covariates were applied to identify independent predictors. FT3 levels were significantly lower in AS patients compared to controls (3.25 [3.01–3.58] vs. 3.44 [3.16–3.69] pg/mL, p = 0.037) and in patients with BASDAI ≥ 4 versus BASDAI < 4 (3.20 [2.94–3.48] vs. 3.44 [3.19–3.83] pg/mL, p = 0.004). The reduction was more evident in women, where it reflected disease presence, whereas in men it was associated with high disease activity. Low FT3 independently predicted both AS (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.28–0.92, p = 0.026) and active disease (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.24–0.99, p = 0.047). Lower HDL-C, BMI, and creatinine, and higher leukocyte counts were also associated with AS, but not with disease activity. Low-normal FT3 is independently associated with both the presence and activity of AS, reflecting disease presence in women and disease activity in men. This is the first study to demonstrate this sex-specific association after adjusting for metabolic parameters and multiple covariates, highlighting FT3’s potential as a marker of inflammation-driven metabolic dysregulation. Full article

Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is abundant in nutrients, including polysaccharides, essential amino acids, dietary fiber (DF), and other bioactive compounds. The compound microorganism preparation (CMP), comprising multiple beneficial bacterial groups, is widely used as a feed additive to modulate intestinal microbiota and enhance nutrient absorption in animals. This study investigated the effects of supplementing young sika deer’s concentrated feed with SMS and CMP on total intestinal digestibility, growth performance, serum immune indicators, biochemical parameters, and intestinal microbial composition. Ninety animals were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments: control (basal diet), LE1 (basal diet + 5% SMS), and LE2 (basal diet + 5% SMS + 100 mg CMP/deer/day). Results showed that the LE2 group had significantly higher total weight gain (TWG) and average daily gain (ADG) than both the control group and the LE1 group. Levels of crude protein (CP), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), blood glucose (GLU), and immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) were significantly higher in the LE2 group than in the other groups, with LE1 also showing improvement over the control group. Additionally, ether extract (EE) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were found to be elevated in both the LE1 and LE2 groups when compared to the control group. In contrast, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels as well as urea nitrogen concentrations showed a significant increase in the LE1 group compared to both the control and LE2 groups. Notably, when compared to the control group, there was a significant reduction in the abundance of certain pathogenic bacteria within both the LE1 and LE2 groups; conversely, there was a substantial increase in the relative abundance of beneficial bacterial communities. These results demonstrate that combined SMS and CMP supplementation effectively improves growth performance, nutrient utilization, and intestinal health in young sika deer, suggesting its potential as a functional feed additive. Full article

Lasia spinosa Thwaites (LST) has emerged as a potential supplement for enhancing male reproductive performance. This study evaluated the effects of long-term oral supplementation with LST on hematological parameters, semen characteristics, ultrasonographic measurements of the prostate gland and testes, and the cryopreservation potential of canine sperm. Six healthy male dogs received oral LST supplementation at a dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight once daily for 7 days (short-term). After a three-month washout period to ensure full physiological recovery, the same dogs underwent a long-term supplementation protocol (60 days). In the short-term trial, no clinically significant changes were observed in hematological or serum biochemical parameters, including complete blood count, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, total protein, and albumin; all parameters were within normal reference ranges. Serum testosterone levels and semen characteristics were also unaffected (p > 0.05). During the long-term treatment, blood profiles and testosterone levels remained stable. Although prostatic and testicular volumes increased slightly, the changes were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). A significant increase in semen volume was observed (p < 0.05), while other semen parameters showed no significant differences. Notably, post-thaw sperm motility significantly improved at both 15 min and 4 h after thawing, and sperm viability was significantly enhanced at 4 h post-thaw (p < 0.05), suggesting a potential protective effect of LST during cryopreservation. These findings indicate that LST supplementation is physiologically safe and may improve canine sperm quality during freezing and thawing, supporting its potential application in reproductive health management. Full article

Background: Malnutrition is highly prevalent among older patients with hip fractures and significantly impacts recovery and survival. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on the prevalence, pathophysiology, and clinical consequences of malnutrition in hip fracture patients, along with diagnostic tools and nutritional interventions. Methods: A literature search of studies from 2000 to 2025 identified consistent associations between malnutrition—defined using tools such as the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), and serum albumin levels—and increased risks of postoperative complications, prolonged hospital stays, functional decline, and mortality. Pathophysiological mechanisms include sarcopenia, systemic inflammation, and impaired bone metabolism. Results: Notably, malnutrition is associated with fracture type, with low lean body mass and poor nutritional status correlating with intracapsular femoral neck fractures. Conclusions: Interventional studies demonstrate that oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) reduces complications and improves biochemical parameters but shows mixed effects on long-term mortality and function. The findings support routine nutritional screening and early intervention in older hip fracture patients to improve outcomes and reduce the healthcare burden. Full article

Background: Asprosin is a relatively recently discovered glucogenic adipokine secreted during fasting that plays an important role in various biochemical processes in the body, including those connected with obesity and insulin resistance. The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate the associations between selected hormonal, anthropometric, and lifestyle-related parameters and serum asprosin concentration. As studies concerning fertility and asprosin have so far been limited to men or women with PCOS, its role in the general female population remains largely unexplored. The direction of this exploration was thus pointed toward possible connections with female fertility. Methods: The case-control study group included 56 women of reproductive age (25–42 years), who were patients of the Reproductive Health Clinic and the Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Internal Medicine of the Medical University of Białystok, Poland. The levels of selected hormones, including anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and testosterone, body composition parameters, and a lifestyle parameter—night fasting duration—were assessed to test their associations with serum asprosin concentration. Results: A weak negative correlation was found between AMH level and serum asprosin concentration, suggesting a potential link between asprosin and ovarian reserve. Furthermore, a moderate positive correlation was found between the percentage of total body water (TBW) and serum asprosin concentration. No significant associations were observed between the levels of the other tested hormones and serum asprosin concentration, or between body composition parameters or night fasting duration and serum asprosin concentration. The multivariate model designed in the study shows that AMH, TBW, and night fasting duration explain 23.4% of asprosin variability. Conclusions: Although the nature of the study is exploratory, the findings indicate that the role of asprosin in the female population—particularly its role in fertility—requires further research. Not only is the number of available studies on asprosin insufficient, but the results of this study partly contradict what is known about the hormone from previous studies, which were largely performed with male cohorts. In addition, the results of this study suggest that asprosin may indeed be involved in mechanisms related to female fertility, particularly those connected with ovarian reserve. Nevertheless, studies performed in larger, more homogeneous populations are necessary to confirm the role of asprosin in women, including its association with female fertility. Full article