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3,859 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
4,532 Views
17 Pages

20 December 2020

Despite the marked influence of relative humidity (RH) on ecosystems and human society, the spatiotemporal pattern of RH is far from clearly understood. This study analyzed the spatiotemporal variation in RH in Guangdong Province, South China, in the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
2,345 Views
17 Pages

29 May 2023

Runoff is an important component of water resources and also the basis for regional water resources development and utilization. In order to explore the new characteristics of the spatiotemporal variation of runoff in the whole Yellow River Basin, th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,283 Views
17 Pages

23 September 2024

The continuous rise in atmospheric CO2 levels has led to persistent ocean acidification, which negatively impacts marine environments crucial for marine life and alters the chemical composition of seawater. This phenomenon carries significant implica...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
5,694 Views
17 Pages

31 December 2015

Understanding the process of settlement expansion and the spatiotemporal variation of driving forces is the foundation of rational and specific planning for sustainable development. However, little attention has been paid to the spatiotemporal differ...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
5,195 Views
16 Pages

4 November 2016

State-owned construction land is the dominant legal land source for construction in China and its supply influences urban expansion, house prices, and economic development, among other factors. Surprisingly, limited attention has been directly devote...

  • Article
  • Open Access
39 Citations
4,922 Views
16 Pages

Spatiotemporal Dissolved Silicate Variation, Sources, and Behavior in the Eutrophic Zhanjiang Bay, China

  • Peng Zhang,
  • Jia-Lei Xu,
  • Ji-Biao Zhang,
  • Jian-Xu Li,
  • Yan-Chan Zhang,
  • Yi Li and
  • Xin-Qi Luo

21 December 2020

Dissolved silicate (DSi) is an important nutrient in coastal water, which is used by planktonic diatoms for cell division and growth. In this study, surface water samples were collected in the eutrophic Zhanjiang Bay (ZJB) in 2019, covering a seasona...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,713 Views
21 Pages

Understanding the spatiotemporal variation of high-efficiency ride-hailing orders (HROs) is helpful for transportation network companies (TNCs) to balance the income of drivers through reasonable order dispatch, and to alleviate the imbalance between...

  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
4,337 Views
20 Pages

5 January 2023

Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) is an important indicator for estimating regional carbon sources/sinks. The study focuses on a comprehensive computational simulation and spatiotemporal variation study of the NEP in the Yellow River basin from 2000 t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
3,827 Views
13 Pages

Spatiotemporal Variation and Pollution Assessment of Pb/Zn from Smelting Activities in China

  • Zhenfeng Zang,
  • Yonghua Li,
  • Hairong Li,
  • Zhaohui Guo and
  • Ru Zhang

Nonferrous smelting is an important source of heavy metals in soil, which causes different degrees of soil pollution, especially in lead–zinc (Pb/Zn) smelting areas. Based on the Pb/Zn environmental release during the Pb/Zn mineral smelting pro...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,175 Views
20 Pages

Spatiotemporal Variation of Annual Runoff and Sediment Load in the Pearl River during 1953–2017

  • Huanyang Zhou,
  • Zhaoli Wang,
  • Xushu Wu,
  • Yuhong Chen,
  • Yixuan Zhong,
  • Zejun Li,
  • Jiachao Chen,
  • Jun Li,
  • Shenglian Guo and
  • Xiaohong Chen

12 September 2019

Anthropogenic activities have had a great impact on the characteristics of runoff and sediment load along the Pearl River in China in recent decades. We investigated the spatiotemporal variations, including the trends, abrupt changes, and periodiciti...

  • Article
  • Open Access
33 Citations
3,764 Views
18 Pages

17 August 2020

The Sanjiangyuan National Park is the first Chinese national park system, and the ecological environment is inherently fragile and sensitive. Therefore, for environmental protection, it is imperative to understand the spatiotemporal variation charact...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,486 Views
22 Pages

Seasonal Variation of Vegetation and Its Spatiotemporal Response to Climatic Factors in the Qilian Mountains, China

  • Hanchen Duan,
  • Yuan Qi,
  • Wenping Kang,
  • Jinlong Zhang,
  • Hongwei Wang and
  • Xiaofang Jiang

20 April 2022

The purpose of this study is to reveal the seasonal difference in vegetation variation and its seasonal response to climate factors in the Qilian Mountains (QM) under the background of global warming. Based on the MOD13 A2 normalized difference veget...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,947 Views
17 Pages

22 July 2022

In the context of global warming, snow cover changes have an extremely important impact on the hydrological cycle and the redistribution of water resources in arid and semi-arid regions. In this paper, based on the daily cloud-free snow area remote s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,459 Views
22 Pages

Spatiotemporal Variation in Driving Factors of Vegetation Dynamics in the Yellow River Delta Estuarine Wetlands from 2000 to 2020

  • Zhongen Niu,
  • Bingcheng Si,
  • Dong Li,
  • Ying Zhao,
  • Xiyong Hou,
  • Linlin Li,
  • Bin Wang,
  • Bing Song,
  • Mengyu Zhang and
  • Ziqi Mai
  • + 4 authors

2 September 2023

Previous studies of vegetation dynamics in the Yellow River Delta (YRD) predominantly relied on sparse time series or coarse-resolution images, which not only overlooked the rapid and spatially heterogeneous changes, but also limited our understandin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,864 Views
18 Pages

Extreme precipitation events have caused serious impacts on natural ecosystem and human society and have attracted increasing attention in recent years. IPCC AR6 WG I report highlighted a lack of conclusive consensus on the change trend of extreme pr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,939 Views
25 Pages

27 August 2020

Urbanization is a complex process closely involving the economy, society, and population. While monitoring urban development and exploring the industry-driving force in a real-time and effective way are the prerequisites for optimizing industry struc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,097 Views
22 Pages

19 October 2022

Exploring the temporal and spatial changes, as well as driving factors, of net primary productivity (NPP) of terrestrial ecosystems is essential for maintaining regional carbon balance. This work focuses on the spatiotemporal variation and future tre...

  • Article
  • Open Access
454 Views
21 Pages

13 December 2025

Under the ongoing trend of climate warming and increasing humidity on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, the Three River Source Region (TRSR) has shown strong sensitivity to global climate change. Its vegetation change is particularly worthy of attenti...

  • Article
  • Open Access
57 Citations
4,795 Views
16 Pages

3 December 2018

Reliable and accurate estimates of metro demand can provide metro authorities with insightful information for the planning of route alignment and station locations. Many existing studies focus on metro demand from daily or annual ridership profiles,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
2,642 Views
30 Pages

20 September 2023

The exploration of the spatiotemporal variations and influencing factors of grain yield in major grain-producing regions is greatly important to maintain stable and sustainable agriculture. Taking Henan Province and Heilongjiang Province as examples,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
1,510 Views
21 Pages

3 September 2024

Liaoning Province, a crucial agricultural region in Northeast China, has endured frequent drought disasters in recent years, significantly affecting both agricultural production and the ecological environment. Conducting drought research is of paramo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,164 Views
19 Pages

Spatiotemporal Variation and Influencing Factors of Vegetation Growth in Mining Areas: A Case Study in a Colliery in Northern China

  • Zhi Yang,
  • Wenping Li,
  • Liangning Li,
  • Shaogang Lei,
  • Jiawei Tian,
  • Gang Wang and
  • Xuejia Sang

4 August 2022

Based on MODIS EVI data of August collected from 2010 to 2021, and taking the Yingpanhao coal mine as an example, the spatiotemporal variation features of vegetation are analyzed using time series analysis, trend analysis and correlation analysis met...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,197 Views
18 Pages

5 November 2022

Determining the link between the evolution of salt-leaching irrigation, saline-alkali land, and groundwater arsenic (As) is essential to prevent groundwater arsenic pollution and implement appropriate soil salinization control projects. The objective...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,406 Views
23 Pages

5 April 2024

In this study, based on hourly ERA5 reanalysis data from July to September, from 1971 to 2020, for Shandong Province, we used mathematical statistical analysis, the Mann–Kendall nonparametric statistical test, cluster analysis, and other method...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
4,787 Views
12 Pages

1 August 2017

The spring flowering of tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) not only attract tens of million tourists every year, but it can also serve as a bio-indicator of climate change. Examining climate-associated spatiotemporal changes in peony flowering can con...

  • Article
  • Open Access
374 Views
18 Pages

Spatiotemporal Variation and Source Apportionment of Total Phosphorus in the Xiangjiang River Based on an Interpretable Association Rule Mining Framework

  • Xiaonan Du,
  • Cen Meng,
  • Chao Xu,
  • Shulin Xu,
  • Tingting Zhang,
  • Pingxiu Teng,
  • Ao Deng,
  • Peng Zeng and
  • Feng Liu

7 February 2026

Phosphorus enrichment remains a major driver of eutrophication in lake-feeding rivers, yet effective regulation is hindered by insufficient understanding of the spatiotemporal variability and dominant sources of total phosphorus (TP) at the basin sca...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,056 Views
25 Pages

21 July 2022

Water supply services (WSSs) are critical to human survival and development. The Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model enables an integrated, dynamic, and visual assessment of ecosystem services at different scales....

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,796 Views
19 Pages

8 April 2023

Monitoring spatiotemporal changes in tidal wetlands under the disturbance of human activities provides a strong basis for coastal wetland protection and restoration. Long-term serial remote sensing images and other historical data were collected and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,659 Views
21 Pages

7 December 2024

Changes in grassland fractional vegetation coverage (FVC) are important indicators of global climate change. Due to the unique characteristics of the Tibetan Plateau ecosystem, variations in grassland coverage are crucial to its ecological stability....

  • Article
  • Open Access
207 Citations
11,285 Views
24 Pages

7 March 2021

The intensity of human activity, habitat loss and habitat degradation have significant impacts on biodiversity. Habitat quality plays an important role in spatial dynamics when evaluating fragmented landscapes and the effectiveness of biodiversity co...

  • Article
  • Open Access
928 Views
29 Pages

28 March 2025

As sensitive human-environment systems, lake-intensive regions are critical governance areas for advancing global low-carbon development. Rapid economic growth has intensified the imbalance between economic carbon sources and ecological carbon sinks...

  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
4,276 Views
25 Pages

Spatiotemporal Variation of Snow Depth in the Northern Hemisphere from 1992 to 2016

  • Xiongxin Xiao,
  • Tingjun Zhang,
  • Xinyue Zhong and
  • Xiaodong Li

24 August 2020

A comprehensive and hemispheric-scale snow cover and snow depth analysis is a prerequisite for all related processes and interactions investigation on regional and global surface energy and water balance, weather and climate, hydrological processes,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,253 Views
25 Pages

6 July 2023

The vulnerability of China’s rural system is becoming increasingly obvious due to the multiple pressures of geological conditions and human interference. This study selected Guizhou Province to measure the degree of vulnerability and determine...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,945 Views
26 Pages

27 September 2023

Based on the absolute dynamic topography data from the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service, this paper applies the Topographic Position Index to develop a new approach for mapping the anticyclonic eddies in the South China Sea (SCS). The...

  • Article
  • Open Access
705 Views
23 Pages

17 October 2025

Water, energy, and food (WEF) constitute the core strategic resources essential for regional sustainable development, and the governance of the WEF system holds critical significance for the Central Area of the Yangtze River Delta (caYRD)—one o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,823 Views
16 Pages

27 October 2022

The sustainable development of the aquaculture industry is of great significance for national food security within the context of increasing consumer demand, scarce land resources, and continuous ecological and environmental deterioration. China is a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,965 Views
16 Pages

Investigating the Spatiotemporal Variation in Extreme Precipitation Indices in Iran from 1990 to 2020

  • Ebrahim Fattahi,
  • Saeedeh Kamali,
  • Ebrahim Asadi Oskouei and
  • Maral Habibi

20 April 2025

This study examines the spatiotemporal characteristics of extreme precipitation indices in Iran. It analyzes data from 38 synoptic stations across the country, covering the period from 1990 to 2020, focusing on the 11 most common extreme precipitatio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,641 Views
14 Pages

24 April 2025

Based on the hourly concentration data of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3 from 35 environmental monitoring sites in Beijing between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2023, this paper investigated the annual average concentration variation of these pol...

  • Review
  • Open Access
3,047 Views
18 Pages

Trait Variation and Spatiotemporal Dynamics across Avian Secondary Contact Zones

  • Shangyu Wang,
  • Lei Wu,
  • Qianghui Zhu,
  • Jiahao Wu,
  • Shiyu Tang,
  • Yifang Zhao,
  • Yalin Cheng,
  • Dezhi Zhang,
  • Gexia Qiao and
  • Fumin Lei
  • + 1 author

22 August 2024

A secondary contact zone (SCZ) is an area where incipient species or divergent populations may meet, mate, and hybridize. Due to the diverse patterns of interspecific hybridization, SCZs function as field labs for illuminating the on-going evolutiona...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
1,884 Views
14 Pages

Spatiotemporal Variation in Wind Erosion in Tarim River Basin from 2010 to 2018

  • Qinqin Zhang,
  • Fang Gu,
  • Sicong Zhang,
  • Xuehua Chen,
  • Xue Ding and
  • Zhonglin Xu

5 March 2024

The Tarim River Basin, China’s largest inland river basin, is renowned for its ecological fragility characterized by concurrent greening and desertification processes. Soil wind erosion emerges as a critical factor impacting the natural ecosyst...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
1,981 Views
19 Pages

23 May 2023

Based on the five phases of land use data from Xining corresponding to 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020, we used the equivalent factor method to analyze the values of spatial-temporal variation characteristics of land use and ecosystem services in Xi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
2,974 Views
24 Pages

Spatiotemporal Variation in Rainfall Erosivity and Correlation with the ENSO on the Tibetan Plateau since 1971

  • Bohao Cui,
  • Yili Zhang,
  • Linshan Liu,
  • Zehua Xu,
  • Zhaofeng Wang,
  • Changjun Gu,
  • Bo Wei and
  • Dianqing Gong

Soil erosion is a serious ecological problem in the fragile ecological environment of the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Rainfall erosivity is one of the most important factors controlling soil erosion and is associated with the El Niño southern oscillation (...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,582 Views
12 Pages

The diversity of small mammal communities is a measure of the sustainability of habitats, especially agricultural ones. Based on 2018–2020 data from 18 sites in Lithuania, we analysed factors related to diversity of such a community, specifical...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,963 Views
16 Pages

27 July 2023

Urban morphology exhibits fractal characteristics, which can be described by multifractal scaling. Multifractal parameters under positive moment orders primarily capture information about central areas characterized by relatively stable growth, while...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,260 Views
26 Pages

Previous studies which have shown the existence of gender disparities in hypertension risks often failed to take into account the participants’ spatial and temporal information. In this study, we explored the spatio-temporal variation for gende...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,493 Views
13 Pages

Increasingly stricter and wider official efforts have been made by multilevel Chinese governments for seeking the improvements of the environment and public health status. However, the contributions of these efforts to environmental changes and spati...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
973 Views
18 Pages

Hydrogeochemical Signatures and Spatiotemporal Variation of Groundwater Quality in the Upper and Lower Reaches of Rizhao Reservoir

  • Youcheng Lv,
  • Xiaodong Li,
  • Jie Yuan,
  • Hong Tian,
  • Tongzheng Wei,
  • Min Wang,
  • Yuqiang Dai,
  • Jianguo Feng,
  • Yuqi Zhang and
  • Peng Yang

29 May 2025

Groundwater is crucial for human survival and social development. In this study, ArcGIS 10.8, Origin 2024, and Excel were employed to investigate the hydrochemical properties of groundwater in the Rizhao reservoir (RZR) through statistical analysis,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,309 Views
22 Pages

At present, most developing countries need to improve the quality of the built environment by means of large-scale infrastructure construction, thereby promoting rapid urbanization. The quality of the built environment (QU) and its environmental pres...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
2,222 Views
21 Pages

The present study aims to quantitatively assess soil erosion intensity (SEI) and amounts in the Qinghai Lake Basin (QLB) over the 1990–2020 period using the Integrated Valuation Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model based on multi-sou...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
2,486 Views
19 Pages

8 September 2023

The widespread distribution of karst landforms has led to a shortage of water resources in Southwest China. Understanding the spatiotemporal variations in and driving factors of evapotranspiration (ET) in this area is crucial for understanding and pr...

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