Search Results (13,351)

Background/Objectives: Despite advances in public health and medical treatment, the number of patients with type 2 diabetes is increasing and it remains among the top 10 causes of death and a leading cause of disability in the United States. Early interventions with innovative approaches are essential to improving dietary intake and blood glucose control, potentially preventing or delaying type 2 diabetes and related complications. This study examined the effects of integrating real-time feedback from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) into individualized nutrition therapy (INT) on diet and sleep quality in individuals with prediabetes and overweight or obesity. Methods: Thirty participants were randomized to either the treatment (n = 15) or the control group (n = 15). Both groups received individualized nutrition recommendations tailored to energy needs for weight maintenance and blood glucose control. The treatment group had real-time access to CGM data, while the control group remained blinded. Dietary intake and sleep quality were assessed using ASA24 recall and analyzed via general linear model repeated measures. Results: Incorporating CGM feedback into nutrition therapy significantly increased whole-grain (p = 0.02) and plant-based protein intake (p = 0.02) in the treatment group, with trends toward increased fruit intake (p = 0.07) and a reduced percentage of calories from carbohydrates (p = 0.08). Sleep efficiency also improved significantly by 5% (p = 0.02) following the intervention. Conclusions: These findings support the effectiveness of CGM-enhanced nutrition therapy in improving diet and sleep quality in individuals with prediabetes and overweight or obesity. Further research is needed to assess the sustainability and long-term impact of this approach. Full article

The unique challenges posed by the high altitude and extreme-irradiance variability in the Peruvian Altiplano necessitate innovative and cost-effective monitoring solutions for photovoltaic (PV) systems. This study presents a low-cost wireless monitoring system for PV systems, designed for performance analysis and with potential application in DC nanogrids. The system, based on an Arduino Nano and Raspberry Pi architecture, captures real-time data on key electrical parameters such as voltage, current, and power, as well as environmental conditions like temperature and irradiance, which are critical factors influencing PV system performance. Deployed on a 3 kW grid-connected PV system in the Peruvian Altiplano, the system reveals significant irradiance variability, with fluctuations exceeding 20% within a single day and extreme events surpassing 1500 W/m². This variability resulted in an average daily energy generation fluctuation of 15%, underscoring the importance of continuous monitoring for optimizing PV system operation. This variability impacts energy generation and underscores the importance of continuous monitoring for optimizing PV system operation. The study analyzes the system’s performance under different irradiance conditions and discusses its adaptability for use in DC nanogrids, which offer enhanced efficiency and accessibility in remote areas like the Altiplano. This research contributes a practical and versatile tool for advancing sustainable energy solutions, with implications for improving the efficiency and reliability of both grid-connected PV systems and the emerging field of DC nanogrids in remote areas. Full article

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a polysaccharide produced by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with a strictly aerobic metabolism, having a huge number of significant applications in the biomedical field. This study investigates the development of bacterial cellulose (BC)-based composite systems that incorporate cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO₂ NPs) used as antibacterial agents to enhance wound healing, particularly for burn treatments. The innovation of this study resides in the integration of CeO₂ NPs synthesized by using a precipitation method using both chemical and green reducing agents, ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH) and turmeric extract (TE), in BC membranes composed of ultrathin nanofibers interwoven into a three-dimensional network appearing as a hydrogel mass. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the effective deposition of this agent onto the BC matrix. Antibacterial activity tests against E. coli and B. subtilis indicated strong inhibition for the composites synthesized following these routes, particularly for the BC-CeO₂-TE-OH sample, processed by employing both precipitating agents. Cytotoxicity evaluations showed no inhibition of cell activity. Additionally, loading the composites with dexamethasone endowed them with analgesic release over 4 h, as observed through ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), while the FTIR spectra revealed a sustained drug presence post-release. These findings highlight BC-based films as promising candidates for advanced wound care and tissue engineering applications. Full article

Corporate climate transition is one of the greatest challenges and opportunities of the 21st century, shaping the future of business sustainability and aligning economic growth with global environmental goals. This article aims to identify the main barriers, opportunities, and best practices associated with the implementation of corporate climate transition plans. Based on a review of studies from leading databases—Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar—the research categorizes barriers into economic, financial, political, regulatory, cultural, organizational, and technological dimensions. Opportunities are grouped into areas like sustainable finance, technological innovation, and resilience building. Best practices are organized into clusters, notably governance, energy efficiency, social equity, and just transition frameworks. In addition to advancing academic understanding, this study offers practical implications for key stakeholders. Financial institutions can use these findings to develop climate-aligned financial products tailored to corporate realities. Policymakers can improve regulatory frameworks to foster sustainable business practices and remove legislative barriers. Companies are empowered to refine their climate strategies, address operational constraints, and explore new sustainability-driven opportunities. By integrating scientific insights with real-world applicability, this review contributes to a more holistic understanding of corporate climate transition, bridging academic research with actionable pathways for businesses, financial actors, and public decision-makers. Full article

To enhance the mechanical properties of 6063-T4 aluminum alloy tubes, surface mechanical grinding treatment was conducted under graphene-assisted lubrication. The effects of rotational speed and cooling conditions on the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy tubes under biaxial stress were systematically explored. It was found that increasing the rotational speed and cooling rate facilitates the formation of finer lamellar grains, higher-density nano-precipitates, and a reduced dislocation density on the tube surface. These microstructural characteristics significantly contribute to an increased yield strength and sustained strain hardening capacity during bulging deformation. This study proposes an innovative approach for improving the strength and toughness of light alloy components during integral forming, providing meaningful insights for future engineering applications. Full article

The restrictions imposed by the European Green Deal on Europe are expected to make Europe climate-neutral by 2050. In this context, this article examines the current efforts to reduce emission levels, focusing on available international scientific papers concerning European territory, particularly Poland. The study paid special attention to the sector of agriculture, which is considered a key contributor to greenhouse gas generation. It also analysed the impact of various tillage techniques and the application of organic and inorganic fertilisers, e.g., nitrogen fertilisers, digestate, or compost, on the emissions of greenhouse gases and other environmentally harmful substances. Although there are few scientific articles available that comprehensively describe the problem of greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, it is still possible to observe the growing awareness of farmers and their daily impact on the environment. The current study demonstrated that agricultural activities significantly contribute to the emissions of three main greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane. The tillage and soil fertilisation methods used play a crucial role in their emissions into the atmosphere. The use of no-tillage (or reduced-tillage) techniques contributes to the sustainable development of agriculture while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The machinery and fuels used, along with innovative systems and sensors for precise fertilisation, play a significant role in lowering emission levels in agriculture. The authors intend to identify potential opportunities to improve crop productivity and contribute to sustainable reductions in gas emissions. Full article

New ways of ensuring sustainable development in various areas of life are being intensively researched. One of the key priorities is to maximize the use of invaluable natural ingredients in cosmetic products while minimizing the negative impact on the environment. In this study, a three-component natural composite based on amber, diatomite, and Phytokeratin^TM (hydrolyzed plant protein) was developed using mechanochemical synthesis. The goal was to maximize the release of biologically active substances, such as succinic acid and Phytokeratin^TM, in aqueous solution. The physicochemical properties of the materials were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Ultraviolet–Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry. Additionally, Density Functional Theory (DFT) was used to perform quantum chemical calculations and characterize molecular interactions in the composite. The optimized composite demonstrated favorable release characteristics and structural properties, confirming its suitability for cosmetic applications. DFT calculations revealed the potential molecular-level interactions between the organic components, indicating the stability and functional integration of the composite. The resulting innovative composite was successfully incorporated into eco-friendly cosmetic formulations, including a solid shampoo bar and a nail conditioner. Full article

Population growth has significantly increased energy and resource demands, driving research toward cost-effective technologies that repurpose waste into alternative energy forms such as biohydrogen. This review aims to comprehensively evaluate biohydrogen production via anaerobic digestion, addressing gaps in previous studies focusing on a single sustainable development goal or limited environmental benefits. The methodology used the Scopus database with specific keywords, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol to screen relevant articles, and bibliometric analysis to delineate research directions from 2002 to 2024. Findings indicate that research on biohydrogen production via anaerobic digestion has grown exponentially over the past two decades, with increasing emphasis on advanced techniques, innovative reactor configurations, and diverse microbial consortia. Emerging trends, including the integration of artificial intelligence for process optimization and comprehensive life cycle assessments, suggest promising avenues for large-scale implementation. Anaerobic digestion-based biohydrogen production supports several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including the ones related to clean energy (SDG7), SDG 13 (climate action), and SDG 12 (waste management), among others. Recent advancements are synthesized to provide a clear roadmap for future research toward sustainable energy solutions. Full article

With the rise of the sharing economy and the concept of the sharing city, the field of urban renewal is facing new opportunities and challenges. This paper innovatively explores built heritage renewal in central Shanghai from the perspective of the sharing economy, focusing on the evolution of plot morphology and associated design strategies. Six representative cases, selected within the framework of three urban renewal policies from 1999 to the present, are analyzed using a diachronic method based on the Conzen school and the street frontage index. Combined with historical maps, aerial photographs, and satellite images, the paper analyzes the changes in plot morphology from 1999 to 2024. The paper highlights how the introduction of sharing city principles significantly impacted plot morphology, facilitating the expansion and diversification of space use and driving the restructuring of plot boundaries, including physical, property, and activity boundaries. The study further reveals how the shared city concept has led to the emergence of privately owned public spaces. Additionally, the paper discusses the pursuit of flow, openness, and sharing in urban renewal, noting how these factors have shifted the focus from purely rentable and sellable areas to more efficient space resource allocation, optimizing spatial configurations. Finally, the paper introduces the concept of “sharing by transfer”, proposing that adjustments to plot boundaries under the sharing economy framework can foster more equitable, efficient, and sustainable urban renewal, providing new perspectives and strategic recommendations for built heritage renewal. Full article

CO₂ enrichment in protected agriculture is a key strategy for enhancing crop productivity and quality, optimizing photosynthetic efficiency, and mitigating the impacts of climate change. In this study, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research on CO₂ enrichment is conducted by compiling and evaluating 171 relevant documents published between 1982 and 2024 in Scopus, utilizing R-Studio and VOSviewer for data processing. The analysis explores scientific output trends, predominant research methodologies, influencing factors, and emerging applications in controlled-environment agriculture. The findings reveal an exponential growth in scientific publications since 2015, with Asia and Europe leading the research landscape. The physiological and agronomic benefits of CO₂ enrichment in C3 crops, particularly tomatoes and lettuce, include enhanced photosynthesis, improved nitrogen assimilation, and reduced abiotic stress. Additionally, advancements in sustainable CO₂ capture and delivery technologies, such as industrial capture and fermentation-based systems, have been documented. However, significant challenges remain regarding the economic feasibility, accessibility for small-scale farmers, and environmental sustainability of CO₂ enrichment strategies. A network analysis of scientific collaboration highlights an increasing trend of international cooperation, with China, the United States, and Japan emerging as key contributors. The integration of plant physiology, agricultural engineering, and environmental sustainability reflects a transition toward multidisciplinary approaches aimed at optimizing CO₂ utilization in controlled environments. This study underscores the potential of CO₂ enrichment as a transformative tool in protected agriculture. However, its large-scale adoption necessitates international collaboration, rigorous research on socio-economic and environmental impacts, and the development of context-specific technologies. Strengthening global research networks and fostering applied innovation will be essential to ensuring the widespread and sustainable implementation of CO₂ enrichment strategies in protected agriculture. Full article

The world’s population is projected to rise significantly, which poses challenges for global food security due to increased demand for food, especially from livestock products. As incomes grow in lower-income countries, there is a shift towards more diverse diets that include meat and dairy, stressing our agricultural systems. Livestock plays a crucial role in food production, contributing about 16% of dietary energy, and effective pasture management is vital for enhancing livestock productivity. This review explores how integrating pasture and livestock management can create sustainable food systems and improve nutrition and livelihoods. It assesses the economic viability of pasture-based livestock systems and examines how climate change affects both pasture productivity and livestock performance. The review also identifies innovative practices, such as improved grazing management and technological advancements, that can improve pasture health and livestock output. The findings underscore the importance of well-managed pastures, which can restore degraded lands, improve animal welfare, and support food security. It also highlights that adaptation strategies are necessary to address the challenges posed by climate change, ensuring that livestock systems remain sustainable. By focusing on innovative practices and better management, we can meet the growing demand for animal products while preserving ecosystems and promoting economic stability. Overall, this review emphasizes the need for a holistic understanding of how livestock and pasture management can work together to enhance food security in a changing world. Full article

This study aims to investigate how sustainable innovation (SI) influences the relationship between internal audit effectiveness (IAE) and sustainability auditing (SA) practices in Libya’s public sector, providing valuable insights into its implications for public finance governance and financial regulation. Additionally, it examines how audit standards and principles (ASPs) on SA practices emphasising their role in enhancing transparency, environmental, social, and governance (ESG) compliance, and overall financial oversight. A quantitative, cross-sectional survey design was employed, collecting 500 valid responses from financial and governmental institutions in Libya. Hierarchical regression and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) were used to evaluate the relationships among IAE, SI, ASP, and SA practices, with robustness checks ensuring the reliability of findings. The findings demonstrate that IAE significantly reinforces SA practices, improving ESG accountability and reporting. SI positively moderates this relationship, indicating that innovative processes and tools strengthen the impact of effective internal audits on sustainability outcomes. Although ASP contributes to SA practices, its influence is more pronounced when combined with robust internal audit functions and sustainability initiatives. The results underscore the need to integrate innovation and transparent regulatory frameworks to optimise sustainability auditing and public finance management. While the study is confined to Libya’s public sector—potentially limiting broader generalizability—its insights may inform policy reforms and risk management strategies across diverse regulatory environments. Future research could include comparative analyses to investigate variations in other emerging or developed markets. This study adds to the literature by linking SI and ASP with internal audit frameworks, offering fresh perspectives on enhancing SA practices and ESG compliance in public finance settings. Full article

The relentless drive to meet global demand for poultry products has pushed for rapid intensification in chicken farming, dramatically boosting efficiency and yield. Yet, these gains have exposed a host of complex welfare challenges that have prompted scientific scrutiny and ethical reflection. In this review, I critically evaluate recent innovations aimed at mitigating such concerns by drawing on advances in behavioral science and digital monitoring and insights into biological adaptations. Specifically, I focus on four interconnected themes: First, I spotlight the complexity of avian sensory perception—encompassing vision, auditory capabilities, olfaction, and tactile faculties—to underscore how lighting design, housing configurations, and enrichment strategies can better align with birds’ unique sensory worlds. Second, I explore novel tools for gauging emotional states and cognition, ranging from cognitive bias tests to developing protocols for identifying pain or distress based on facial cues. Third, I examine the transformative potential of computer vision, bioacoustics, and sensor-based technologies for the continuous, automated tracking of behavior and physiological indicators in commercial flocks. Fourth, I assess how data-driven management platforms, underpinned by precision livestock farming, can deploy real-time insights to optimize welfare on a broad scale. Recognizing that climate change and evolving production environments intensify these challenges, I also investigate how breeds resilient to extreme conditions might open new avenues for welfare-centered genetic and management approaches. While the adoption of cutting-edge techniques has shown promise, significant hurdles persist regarding validation, standardization, and commercial acceptance. I conclude that truly sustainable progress hinges on an interdisciplinary convergence of ethology, neuroscience, engineering, data analytics, and evolutionary biology—an integrative path that not only refines welfare assessment but also reimagines poultry production in ethically and scientifically robust ways. Full article

The transportation sector mainly relied on fossil fuel and is one of the major causes of climate change and environmental pollution. Advances in smart sensing technology are paving the way for the development of clean and intelligent vehicles that lead to a more sustainable transportation system. In response, the automotive industry is actively engaging in new sensor technologies and innovative control and diagnostic algorithms that improve energy sustainability and reduce vehicle emissions. In particular, recent regulations for diesel vehicles require the integration of smart soot sensors to deal with particulate filter on-board diagnostic (OBD) challenges. Meeting the recent, more stringent OBD requirements will be difficult using traditional diagnostic approaches. This study investigates an advanced diagnostic strategy to assess particulate filter health based on resistive soot sensors and available engine variables. The sensor data are projected to generate a 2D signature that reflects the changes in filtration efficiency. A relevant feature (character) is then extracted from the generated signature that can be transformed into an analytical expression used as an indicator of DPF malfunction. The diagnostic strategy uses an adaptive approach that dynamically adjusts the signature’s characters according to the engine’s operating conditions. A correction factor is calculated using an optimization algorithm based on the integral of engine speed measurements and IMEP set points during each sensor loading period. Different cost functions have been tested and evaluated to improve the diagnostic performance. The proposed adaptive approach is model-free and eliminates the need for subsystem models, iterative algorithms, and extensive calibration procedures. Furthermore, the time-consuming and inaccurate estimation of soot emissions upstream of the DPF is avoided. It was evaluated on a validated numerical platform under NEDC driving conditions with simultaneous dispersions on engine-out soot concentration and soot sensor measurements. The promising results highlight the robustness and superior performance of this approach compared to a diagnostic strategy solely reliant on sensor data. Full article

In response to escalating environmental concerns and regulatory demands, this study investigates how circular economy entrepreneurship contributes to sustainability-oriented business performance, with a focus on the mediating role of cleaner production and the moderating role of green government subsidies. Drawing on institutional theory, the research examines how institutional pressures shape firms’ adoption of sustainable practices within the Turkish manufacturing sector. A quantitative design was employed, using stratified random sampling to collect data from 383 firms across various industries. Structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the proposed relationships. The results reveal that circular economy entrepreneurship positively influences sustainability performance, primarily through the mediating effect of cleaner production practices. Furthermore, green government subsidies strengthen the impact of circular economy entrepreneurship on both cleaner production and sustainability outcomes, underscoring the importance of policy support in enhancing the effectiveness of eco-entrepreneurial initiatives. Practically, this study provides actionable insights for managers and policymakers seeking to integrate sustainability into strategic planning, technological investment, and regulatory design. By aligning entrepreneurial innovation with institutional incentives, firms can simultaneously achieve environmental responsibility and long-term competitive advantage. Full article