Search Results (2)

Vector-borne parasitic diseases (VBPDs), including malaria, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, African trypanosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, and onchocerciasis, impose a significant global health burden. This study analyzes the global disease burden of VBPDs from 1990 to 2021 using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data and projects trends to 2036. Metrics include prevalence, deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and age-standardized rates (ASRs) across regions, sexes, age groups, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) levels. Key findings reveal persistent disparities: malaria dominated the burden (42% of cases, 96.5% of deaths), disproportionately affecting sub-Saharan Africa. Schistosomiasis ranked second in prevalence (36.5%). While African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease, lymphatic filariasis, and onchocerciasis declined significantly, leishmaniasis showed rising prevalence (EAPC = 0.713). Low-SDI regions bore the highest burden, linked to environmental, socioeconomic, and healthcare access challenges. Males exhibited greater DALY burdens than females, attributed to occupational exposure. Age disparities were evident: children under five faced high malaria mortality and leishmaniasis DALY peaks, while older adults experienced complications from diseases like Chagas and schistosomiasis. ARIMA modeling forecasts divergent trends: lymphatic filariasis prevalence nears elimination by 2029, but leishmaniasis burden rises across all metrics. Despite overall progress, VBPDs remain critical public health threats, exacerbated by climate change, drug resistance, and uneven resource distribution. Targeted interventions are urgently needed, prioritizing vector control in endemic areas, enhanced surveillance for leishmaniasis, gender- and age-specific strategies, and optimized resource allocation in low-SDI regions. This analysis provides a foundation for evidence-based policy and precision public health efforts to achieve elimination targets and advance global health equity. Full article

Vector-borne parasitic diseases (VBPDs) are diseases that have a major impact on the health and productivity of livestock. VBPDs, including trypanosomosis, theileriosis, and anaplasmosis, are caused by blood parasites and Rickettsiales infections that can be transmitted by biting insects. The control and elimination of VBPDs is difficult and challenging. This study contributed to better understanding the impact of hematophagous insects on carrying pathogens to livestock by investigating the detection of Trypanosoma evansi, Theileria spp. and Anaplasma spp. in hematophagous insects collected from five livestock farms in Northeastern Thailand using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The Stomoxys and Tabanus samples were collected using Nzi and Vavoua traps. Morphological and molecular identifications of hematophagous insects were performed. The Stomoxys samples were dissected into head and abdomen parts, while the Tabanus samples were dissected into head, salivary glands, and abdomen parts before DNA extraction individually. The host blood meal in the DNA of each part of the hematophagous insects was identified using PCR targeting the prepronociceptin (PNOC) gene. PCR detection of T. evansi, Theileria spp., and Anaplasma spp. were performed by targeting the ITS2, 18s rRNA, and msp4 genes, respectively. In total, 131 insect samples were collected, with Stomoxys calcitrans being the most common species at 40 (30.53%), followed by Tabanus spp. at 14 (10.69%) and the other Stomoxys spp. at 7 (5.34%), respectively. The hemoparasite detection results identified Theileria spp. in the abdomen (21.43%; 3/14) of three Tabanus samples. Neither Anaplasma spp. nor T. evansi were detected in this study. Additionally, host blood meal DNA was found in the abdomen of Stomoxys calcitrans (4.17%; 1/24) and Stomoxys spp. (20%; 1/5). For the Tabanus spp., host blood meal DNA was detected in the head (7.14%; 1/14), salivary glands (7.14%; 1/14), and abdomen (14.29%; 2/14). These results highlighted that Tabanus spp. might play an important role in Theileria transmission. Full article