Search Results (950)

To promote low-carbon transformation and achieve carbon peak and neutrality in the energy field, this study proposes an operational optimization model considering the energy- and load-side dual response (ELDR) mechanism for electrothermal coupled virtual power plants (VPPs) containing a carbon capture device. The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) waste heat boiler (WHB) is introduced on the energy side. The integrated demand response (IDR) of electricity and heat is performed on the load side based on comprehensive user satisfaction (CUS), and the carbon capture system (CCS) is used as a flexible resource. Additionally, a carbon capture device operation mode that makes full use of new energy and the valley power of the power grid is proposed. To minimize the total cost, an optimal scheduling model of virtual power plants under ladder-type carbon trading is constructed, and opportunity-constrained planning based on sequence operation is used to address the uncertainty problems of new energy output and load demand. The results show that the application of the ELDR mechanism can save 27.46% of the total operating cost and reduce CO₂ emissions by 45.28%, which effectively improves the economy and low carbon of VPPs. In particular, the application of a CCS in VPPs contributes to reducing the carbon footprint of the system. Full article

Sex workers and formerly incarcerated people with a cervix face significant structural, interpersonal, and emotional barriers to cervical cancer screening, despite being at elevated risk for HPV infection. HPV self-sampling (HPV-SS) is a validated, user-directed method that has the potential to address these barriers, yet it remains excluded from Ontario’s organized screening program. This qualitative study explored the lived experiences of structurally marginalized individuals with a cervix who were offered HPV-SS as part of a mixed-methods pilot in the Greater Toronto Area. Five virtual focus groups were conducted with 34 participants, including both those who used the HPV-SS kit and those who declined it. Using inductive thematic analysis, we identified barriers to traditional screening including fear, stigma, mistrust of healthcare providers, logistical constraints, and a lack of accessible information. HPV-SS was widely described as more acceptable, empowering, and emotionally manageable, offering participants autonomy, privacy, and control over their care. Concerns included swab design, uncertainty about correct use, and unclear follow-up after positive results. Participants offered concrete, community-informed recommendations to improve HPV-SS implementation, including opt-in distribution models, gender-affirming language, and trauma-informed educational materials. The findings highlight the urgent need to integrate HPV-SS into organized screening programs to advance equitable access to cervical cancer prevention for marginalized populations. Full article

Cloud computing faces growing challenges in energy consumption due to the increasing demand for services and resource usage in data centers. To address this issue, we propose a novel energy-efficient virtual machine (VM) placement strategy that integrates reinforcement learning (Q-learning), a Firefly optimization algorithm, and a VM sensitivity classification model based on random forest and self-organizing map. The proposed method, RLVMP, classifies VMs as sensitive or insensitive and dynamically allocates resources to minimize energy consumption while ensuring compliance with service level agreements (SLAs). Experimental results using the CloudSim simulator, adapted with data from Microsoft Azure, show that our model significantly reduces energy consumption. Specifically, under the lr_1.2_mmt strategy, our model achieves a 5.4% reduction in energy consumption compared to PABFD, 12.8% compared to PSO, and 12% compared to genetic algorithms. Under the iqr_1.5_mc strategy, the reductions are even more significant: 12.11% compared to PABFD, 15.6% compared to PSO, and 18.67% compared to genetic algorithms. Furthermore, our model reduces the number of live migrations, which helps minimize SLA violations. Overall, the combination of Q-learning and the Firefly algorithm enables adaptive, SLA-compliant VM placement with improved energy efficiency. Full article

The paper explores virtual worlds as an innovative training platform for upskilling and reskilling smart city professionals, comprising technicians and engineers. Focusing on developing soft skills, the study presents findings from the pilot of a virtual training which was part of a comprehensive tech skills program that also included transversal skills, namely soft, entrepreneurial and green skills. Moreover, the paper describes the methodological approach adapted for the design and the use of the soft skills’ virtual world during the online multi-user sessions, and depicts the technical infrastructure used for its implementation. The virtual world was assessed with a mixed-methods approach, combining a specially designed evaluation questionnaire completed by 27 trainees with semi-structured interviews conducted with instructors. Quantitative data were analyzed to assess satisfaction, perceived effectiveness, and the relationship between curriculum design, support, and instructional quality. Qualitative feedback provided complementary insights into learner experiences and implementation challenges. Findings indicate high levels of learner satisfaction, particularly regarding instructor expertise, curriculum organization, and overall engagement. Statistical analysis revealed strong correlations between course structure and perceived training quality, while prior familiarity with virtual environments showed no significant impact on outcomes. Participants appreciated the flexibility, interactivity, and team-based nature of the training, despite minor technical issues. This research demonstrates the viability of VWs for soft skills development in technical professions, highlighting their value as an inclusive, scalable, and experiential training solution. Its novelty lies in applying immersive technology specifically to smart city training, a field where such applications remain underexplored. The findings support the integration of virtual environments into professional development strategies and inform best practices for future implementations. Full article

E-commerce live streaming attracts consumers by displaying product information and anchor introductions. However, the complexity and variety of interface information pose challenges in design, and research on live-streaming interface design remains limited. This study examines how patch design affects the customer experience in live-streaming rooms, considering different product types and virtual backgrounds. Based on the flow theory and the Stimulus–Organism–Response model, we conducted experiments simulating live-streaming scenarios and collected behavioral and eye-tracking data. Our results confirmed that cognitive load negatively mediates, while mental imagery and flow experience positively mediate, the relationship between patch design and consumer behavior. Additionally, the interaction between product type and virtual background proximity was revealed, with product type moderating the effect of cognitive load on purchase behavior. This study contributes to understanding the impact of live-streaming interface design on consumer experience and purchase behavior, providing design guidelines for online retailers and managerial insights for retail platforms. Full article

In the context of the global environment, the rapid advancement of Internet technology has facilitated a transition from traditional offline to online modes for corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities, leading to the emergence of virtual CSR co-creation initiatives. A crucial challenge for enterprises engaging in such activities lies in enhancing consumer participation and retention rates. This study constructs a mediation effect model incorporating emotional factors, interaction factors, social presence, and consumer willingness to participate, grounded in the Stimulus–Organism–Response (S-O-R) model. Based on data collected from 232 consumers in China, this study reveals that identification, enthusiasm, and satisfaction exert positive influences on consumer willingness to participate. Additionally, social presence positively affects willingness to participate and acts as a mediator between community platform interaction, offline interaction, and willingness to participate. Full article

This study integrates molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and density functional theory (DFT) computations to elucidate the unique adsorption characteristics of phenol and para-chlorophenol onto sepiolite by examining structural deformation, electronic properties, and adsorption energetics. The hydroxyl group (-OH) of phenol mainly determines its adsorption process since it has a quite negative Mulliken charge (−0.428) and significant electrophilic reactivity (fi⁺ = 0.090), therefore enabling strong hydrogen bonding with the silanol (-SiOH) groups of sepiolite. By π-π interactions with the electron-rich siloxane (-Si-O-Si-) surfaces, the aromatic carbons in phenol improve stability. The close molecular structure allows minimum deformation energy (E_def = 94.18 kcal/mol), hence optimizing alignment with the sepiolite surface. The much negative adsorption energy (E_ads = −349.26 kcal/mol) of phenol supports its further thermodynamic stability. Conversely, because of its copious chlorine (-Cl) component, para-chlorophenol runs against steric and electrical obstacles. The virtually neutral Mulliken charge (−0.020) limits electrostatic interactions even if the chlorine atom shows great electrophilicity (fi⁺ = 0.278). Chlorine’s electron-withdrawing action lowers the hydroxyl group’s (fi⁺ = 0.077) reactivity, hence lowering hydrogen bonding. Moreover, para-chlorophenol shows strong deformation energy (E_def = 102.33 kcal/mol), which causes poor alignment and less access to high-affinity sites. With less negative than phenol, the adsorption energy for para-chlorophenol (E_ads = −317.53 kcal/mol) indicates its reduced thermodynamic affinity. Although more evident in para-chlorophenol because of the polarizable chlorine atom, van der Waals interactions do not balance its steric hindrance and reduced electrostatic interactions. With a maximum Qmax = 0.78 mmol/g, isotherm models confirm the remarkable adsorption capability of phenol in contrast to Qmax = 0.66 mmol/g for para-chlorophenol. By hydrogen bonding and π-cation interactions, phenol builds a dense and structured adsorption layer, and para-chlorophenol shows a chaotic organization with reduced site use. Supported by computational approaches and experimental validation, the results provide a comprehensive knowledge of adsorption mechanisms and provide a basis for the design of adsorbents catered for particular organic pollutants. Full article

Stem cells therapies offer a promising approach in translational oncology, as well as in regenerative medicine due to the tropism of these cells to the damage site. To track the distribution of stem cells, the latter could be labeled by MRI-sensitive superparamagnetic (SPM) iron oxide nanoparticles. In the current study, magnetic properties of the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) incorporated into the bone marrow-derived fetal mesenchymal stem cells (FetMSCs) were evaluated employing nonlinear magnetic response measurements. Synthesized dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles were additionally characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. The MNP uptake by the FetMSCs 24 h following coincubation was studied by longitudinal nonlinear response to weak alternating magnetic field with registration of the second harmonic of magnetization. Subsequent data processing using a formalism based on the numerical solution of the Fokker–Planck kinetic equation allowed us to determine magnetic and dynamic parameters and the state of MNPs in the cells, as well as in the culture medium. It was found that MNPs formed aggregates in the culture medium; they were absorbed by the cells during coincubation. The aggregates exhibited SPM regime in the medium, and the parameters of the MNP aggregates remained virtually unchanged in the cells, indicating the preservation of the aggregation state of MNPs inside the cells. This implies also the preservation of the organic shell of the nanoparticles inside FetMSCs. The accumulation of MNPs by mesenchymal stem cells gradually increased with the concentration of MNPs. Thus, the study confirmed that the labeling of MSCs with MNPs is an effective method for subsequent cell tracking as incorporated nanoparticles retain their magnetic properties. Full article

In the present paper, the subject of investigation is the reliability assessment of the single-stage reversible Hydropower Unit No. 3 (HU3) in the Bulgarian Pumped Hydro-Electric Storage (PHES) plant “Chaira”, which processes the waters of the “Belmeken” dam and “Chaira” dam. Preceding the destruction of HU4 and its virtual simulation, an analysis and its conclusions for rehabilitation and safety provided the information required for the reliability assessment of HU3. Detailed analysis of the consequences of the prolonged use of HU3 was carried out. The Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system records were studied. Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) was applied to determine the component relationships and subsystem failures that can lead to an undesired primary event. A Failure Modes and Effect Analysis methodology was proposed for the large-scale hydraulic units and PHES. Based on the data of the virtual simulation and the investigations of the HU4 and its damages, as well as on the failures in the stay vanes of HU3, it is recommended to organize the monitoring of crucial elements of the structure and of water ingress into the drainage holes, which will allow for detecting failures in a timely manner. Full article

This article presents the first theoretical analysis of the bending behavior of circular organic solar cells (COSCs). The solar cell under investigation is built on a flexible Kerr foundation and has five layers of Al, P3HT:PCBM, PEDOT:PSS, ITO, and Glass. The cell is exposed to hygrothermal conditions. The related Kerr foundation lessens displacements and supports the cell. The principle of virtual work is used to generate the basic partial differential equations, which are then solved using the differential quadrature method (DQM). The results of the present theory are validated by comparing them with published ones. The effects of the temperature, humidity, elastic foundation factors, and geometric configuration characteristics on the deflection and stresses of the COSC are examined. Full article

Today’s systems are becoming increasingly complex due to the multitude of interactions between subsystems. This is also true for the electromechanical drivetrain and its physically interacting cooling system. In order to provide a virtual representation of such systems, including system architecture and product behaviour, model-based systems engineering (MBSE) introduces system models. System models are built using system elements and reoccurring models. MBSE, therefore, enhances the efficient development of complex systems by promoting model reuse in interdisciplinary architectural modelling. The reuse of models, such as calculation models, reduces redundancy, accelerates development iterations, and streamlines consistency. However, there is a lack of standardised and reusable model libraries to facilitate this reuse. In the approach in this paper, the reusability of those models is facilitated by the system elements, referred to as “solution elements”. MBSE system elements enable the structuring, reuse, and organization of models within model libraries. The identification of these system elements for heat-exchanging systems, however, remains an open challenge. Consequently, the aim of this paper is to develop a method for systematically identifying system elements in heat-exchanging systems, providing a formalized approach to reusing thermal models. The method focuses on functional and heat-transfer processes at the contact level referred to here as thermal contacts. The developed method is demonstrated through a case study of a thermal management system (TMS) of an electric truck. It is shown that a small set of recurring system elements can be used to represent a large number of individual thermal interactions, within TMS components and, therefore, streamline modelling efficiency significantly. Full article

This study investigates the role of information boundaries in organic food packaging and their impact on consumers’ purchase intentions, aiming to uncover how packaging information design can drive sustainable consumption. Although previous research has extensively explored factors such as background color, shape, and positioning, the influence of information boundaries has received less attention. Through three experiments involving 766 participants, this study delves into the psychological mechanisms influencing sustainable consumption. Experiment 1 explores how information boundaries (presence vs. absence) affect purchase intention and confirms that health perception mediates this relationship. Experiment 2, using virtual brands to eliminate brand familiarity bias, further validates the positive effect of information boundaries on purchase intention through heightened health perceptions. Experiment 3 investigates the moderating role of certification label structures, showing that information boundaries enhance purchase intentions when ingredient-level cues are presented, whereas boundary-free designs are more effective for product-level cues. Our research demonstrates that driving consumer purchases of organic products through strategic packaging design contributes significantly to achieving sustainability goals. These findings provide actionable insights for businesses and policymakers aiming to develop packaging strategies that promote long-term sustainability and environmentally responsible consumer behavior, ultimately contributing to the achievement of global sustainable development goals. Full article

Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) has been recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and as an emerging condition in the DSM-5. IGD is increasingly prevalent, with various negative effects on individuals’ development and adaptation. To address this issue, different therapeutic interventions, like CBT, virtual reality, mindfulness, or family therapy, have been explored. This systematic review aimed to answer the following research question: What is the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions in reducing IGD symptoms in adolescents and young adults diagnosed with this disorder? Following PRISMA guidelines, 22 studies published between 2014 and 2025 were included. Results show that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most effective intervention, significantly reducing IGD severity, anxiety, and depression. Combining CBT with physical exercise or mindfulness further enhanced outcomes. Other promising approaches include virtual reality (VR), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and family-based interventions. Additionally, treatments involving mindfulness and animal-assisted therapy showed potential in improving emotional regulation and interpersonal relationships. However, further research is needed to evaluate long-term efficacy and explore emerging therapies. Full article

The COVID-19 pandemic and digital disruption have transformed the world and organizations on an unprecedented scale, presenting leaders with unique challenges and creating an opportunity to study digital leadership. This area of research is expanding significantly, though it remains in a developmental and maturing phase. To date, theoretical studies are predominant, including systematic reviews, literature reviews, and bibliometric studies. This study conducts a systematic literature review and science mapping of 74 documents published between 2000 and 2022 in the Web of Science database, using VOSviewer software to analyze the field’s evolution. Findings reveal that research on digital leadership has grown, with digital transformation, digitalization, COVID-19, information and communication technologies, virtual teams, and creativity emerging as core themes in this domain. This study concludes that the effective implementation of digital leadership requires not only technological skills but also human-centered competencies; its application has predominantly expanded in the education sector, with limited use in construction. Full article

Bioactive components of abalone and other marine organisms have attracted significant attention owing to their functional performance. The development of peptides with bioactivity like angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory (ACEi) and antioxidant properties is of great significance for chronic disease management and drug discovery. In this study, according to the issues of low utilization rate and bioactive content from the hydrolysate of abalone, single-factor and orthogonal experiments were designed to improve the utilization rate of abalone protein, and step hydrolysis with specific proteases was used to improve the overall biological activity of the hydrolysate. A total of 1937 peptide sequences were obtained from the highly bioactive components after separation and peptidomic analysis. Through virtual screening and molecular docking, 14 peptides exhibiting ACEi activity were identified and synthesized for experimental verification, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.05 to 0.54 mg/mL. Notably, nine of these peptides were powerful antioxidants. The developed step enzymatic hydrolysis and in silico screening-assisted preparation also provided a feasible and efficient method for exploring more bioactive peptides from diverse biomasses. Full article