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Search Results (1,737)

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36 pages, 23215 KiB  
Article
Development of a 6-DoF Driving Simulator with an Open-Source Architecture for Automated Driving Research and Standardized Testing
by Martin Meiners, Benedikt Isken and Edwin N. Kamau
Vehicles 2025, 7(3), 86; https://doi.org/10.3390/vehicles7030086 (registering DOI) - 21 Aug 2025
Abstract
This study presents the development of an open-source Driver-in-the-Loop simulation platform, specifically designed to test and analyze advanced automated driving functions. We emphasize the creation of a versatile system architecture that ensures seamless integration and interchangeability of components, supporting diverse research needs. Central [...] Read more.
This study presents the development of an open-source Driver-in-the-Loop simulation platform, specifically designed to test and analyze advanced automated driving functions. We emphasize the creation of a versatile system architecture that ensures seamless integration and interchangeability of components, supporting diverse research needs. Central to the simulator’s configuration is a hexapod motion platform with six degrees of freedom, chosen through a detailed benchmarking process to ensure dynamic accuracy and fidelity. The simulator employs a half-vehicle cabin, providing an immersive environment where drivers can interact with authentic human–machine interfaces such as pedals, steering, and gear shifters. By projecting complex driving scenarios onto a curved screen, drivers engage with critical maneuvers in a controlled virtual environment. Key innovations include the integration of a motion cueing algorithm and an adaptable, cost-effective open-source framework, facilitating collaboration among researchers and industry experts. The platform enables standardized testing and offers a robust solution for the iterative development and validation of automated driving technologies. Functionality and effectiveness were validated through testing with the ISO lane change maneuver, affirming the simulator’s capabilities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Vehicle Dynamics and Autonomous Driving Applications)
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1118 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Internet-Enabled Collaborative Fixture Design
by Subramanian Vasanth, Earnest Hebron Jones, Hareendran Praveen and Francis Michael Thomas Rex
Eng. Proc. 2025, 93(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025093025 - 20 Aug 2025
Abstract
The design of fixtures is a complex and instinctive process. A proficient fixture design system customized for particular applications reduces manufacturing costs and lead times. Various computer-aided systems are available to assist in the many manufacturing stages in today’s industry. A fixture design [...] Read more.
The design of fixtures is a complex and instinctive process. A proficient fixture design system customized for particular applications reduces manufacturing costs and lead times. Various computer-aided systems are available to assist in the many manufacturing stages in today’s industry. A fixture design system should facilitate the seamless movement of information among several domains to enhance product design and production processes. The fixture design system should be easily transferable and compatible with many operating platforms. This study discusses creating an Internet-enabled interactive fixture design system that enables seamless communication among different disciplines in product development. Utilizing the Internet and Virtual Reality Modelling Language (VRML) allows for the exchange of information and expertise among computer-aided manufacturing systems. The CAD model of fixturing pieces is first turned into VRML coding. The VRML code for the model can be modified to vary the size and dimensions of the CAD model, facilitating alterations such as scaling fixture components, repositioning mounting points, and resizing clamping parts to align with specific design needs. The VRML model of the fixturing system was created with Java and built on an FTTP server architecture. It guarantees that the system performs consistently across different platforms. This work has also established a mechanism for comprehensive fixture design independent of a locating scheme. Establishing a library for storing previous fixture designs can prevent the need to recreate the current model. Full article
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32 pages, 12071 KiB  
Article
A Development Method for Load Adaptive Matching Digital Twin System of Bridge Cranes
by Junqi Li, Qing Dong, Gening Xu, Yifan Zuo and Lili Jiang
Machines 2025, 13(8), 745; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13080745 - 20 Aug 2025
Abstract
Bridge cranes generally have a significant disparity between their actual service life and design life. If they are scrapped according to the design life, it is likely to result in resource wastage or pose potential safety hazards due to extended service. Existing studies [...] Read more.
Bridge cranes generally have a significant disparity between their actual service life and design life. If they are scrapped according to the design life, it is likely to result in resource wastage or pose potential safety hazards due to extended service. Existing studies have not thoroughly examined the coupling relationship among actual working conditions, structural damage, and load-matching strategies. It is difficult to achieve real-time and accurate adaptation between loads and the carrying capacity of equipment, and thus cannot effectively narrow this life gap. To this end, this paper defines a digital twin system framework for crane load adaptive matching, constructs a load adaptive matching optimization model, proposes a method for developing a digital twin system for bridge crane load adaptive matching, and builds a digital twin system platform centered on virtual-real mapping, IoT connectivity, and data interaction. Detailed experimental verification was conducted using the DQ40 kg-1.8 m-1.3 m light-duty bridge crane. The results demonstrate that this method and system can effectively achieve dynamic matching between the load and real-time carrying capacity. While ensuring the service life exceeds the design life, the difference between the two is controlled at around 3467 cycles, accounting for approximately 0.000462% of the design life. This significantly improves the equipment’s operational safety and resource utilization efficiency, breaks through the limitations of load reduction schemes formulated based on human experience under the traditional regular inspection mode, and provides a scientific load-matching decision-making basis and technical support for special equipment inspection institutions and users. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Automation and Control Systems)
29 pages, 3101 KiB  
Article
Optimizing Efficiency for Logistics Training Using Virtual Reality Movies
by Qiaoling Zou, Xinyan Jiang, Xiangling Hu, Wanyu Zheng and Dongning Li
Mathematics 2025, 13(16), 2676; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13162676 - 20 Aug 2025
Abstract
(1) Background: Traditional logistics training faces challenges like high costs, limited scalability, and safety risks. Virtual Reality Movie Training (VRMT) enhances operational accuracy, safety, and accessibility through immersive simulation. However, adoption faces barriers including high equipment costs, immature technology, and coordination challenges among [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Traditional logistics training faces challenges like high costs, limited scalability, and safety risks. Virtual Reality Movie Training (VRMT) enhances operational accuracy, safety, and accessibility through immersive simulation. However, adoption faces barriers including high equipment costs, immature technology, and coordination challenges among logistics enterprises, design companies, and government entities. This study explores strategic interactions to optimize VRMT adoption. (2) Methods: A tripartite evolutionary game model was used to analyze strategic interactions between logistics enterprises, design companies, and government. (3) Results: System stability occurs when logistics enterprises adopt VRMT, design companies deliver high-quality solutions, and government provides active support. Simulations reveal stronger adoption coefficients through increased employee acceptance and enhanced training quality. Government incentives and brand premiums significantly influence quality design provision, though excessive subsidies may reduce governmental willingness to support initiatives. (4) Conclusions: Cost minimization and accessibility improvement require batch hardware purchasing, optimized training cycles, and shared platforms at logistics enterprises. Design companies should optimize content development for cost-effectiveness while maintaining quality standards to leverage brand benefits. Governments should establish VRMT quality certification, invest in public VR platforms for SMEs, and convert accident savings into fiscal supplements. This tripartite collaboration enables efficient, safe, and sustainable logistics training transformation. Full article
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16 pages, 2576 KiB  
Article
Enhancement in Three-Dimensional Depth with Bionic Image Processing
by Yuhe Chen, Chaoping Chen, Baoen Han and Yunfan Yang
Computers 2025, 14(8), 340; https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14080340 - 20 Aug 2025
Abstract
This study proposes an image processing framework based on Bionic principles to optimize 3D visual perception in virtual reality (VR) systems. By simulating the physiological mechanisms of the human visual system, the framework significantly enhances depth perception and visual fidelity in VR content. [...] Read more.
This study proposes an image processing framework based on Bionic principles to optimize 3D visual perception in virtual reality (VR) systems. By simulating the physiological mechanisms of the human visual system, the framework significantly enhances depth perception and visual fidelity in VR content. The research focuses on three core algorithms: Gabor texture feature extraction algorithm based on directional selectivity of neurons in the V1 region of the visual cortex, which enhances edge detection capability through fourth-order Gaussian kernel; improved Retinex model based on adaptive mechanism of retinal illumination, achieving brightness balance under complex illumination through horizontal–vertical dual-channel decomposition; the RGB adaptive adjustment algorithm, based on the three color response characteristics of cone cells, integrates color temperature compensation with depth cue optimization, enhances color naturalness and stereoscopic depth. Build a modular processing system on the Unity platform, integrate the above algorithms to form a collaborative optimization process, and ensure per-frame processing time meets VR real-time constraints. The experiment uses RMSE, AbsRel, and SSIM metrics, combined with subjective evaluation to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. The results show that compared with traditional methods (SSAO, SSR, SH), our algorithm demonstrates significant advantages in simple scenes and marginal superiority in composite metrics for complex scenes. Collaborative processing of three algorithms can significantly improve depth map noise and enhance the user’s subjective experience. The research results provide a solution that combines biological rationality and engineering practicality for visual optimization in fields such as implantable metaverse, VR healthcare, and education. Full article
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27 pages, 7563 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Dynamic Behavior and Vibrations of the Operator-Vehicle Assembly in Electric Agricultural Tractor Operations: A Simulation Approach for Sustainable Transport Systems
by Teofil-Alin Oncescu, Ilona Madalina Costea, Ștefan Constantin Burciu and Cristian Alexandru Rentea
Systems 2025, 13(8), 710; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13080710 - 18 Aug 2025
Viewed by 210
Abstract
This study presents an advanced simulation-based methodology for evaluating the dynamic vibrational behavior of the operator–vehicle assembly in autonomous electric agricultural tractors. Using the TE-0 electric tractor as the experimental platform, the research is structured into three integrated stages. In the first stage, [...] Read more.
This study presents an advanced simulation-based methodology for evaluating the dynamic vibrational behavior of the operator–vehicle assembly in autonomous electric agricultural tractors. Using the TE-0 electric tractor as the experimental platform, the research is structured into three integrated stages. In the first stage, a seated anthropometric virtual model of the human operator is developed based on experimental data and biomechanical validation. The second stage involves a detailed modal analysis of the TE-0 electric tractor using Altair Sim Solid, with the objective of determining the natural frequencies and vibration modes in the [0–80] Hz range, in compliance with ISO 2631-1. This analysis captures both the structural-induced frequencies—associated with the chassis, wheelbase, and metallic frame—and the operational-induced frequencies, influenced by the velocity and terrain profile. Subsequently, the modal analysis of the “Grammer Cabin Seat” is conducted to assess its dynamic response and identify critical vibration modes, highlighting how the seat behaves under vibrational stimuli from the tractor and terrain. The third stage extends the analysis to the virtual operator model seated on the tractor seat, investigating the biomechanical response of the human body and the operator–seat–vehicle interaction during simulated motion. Simulations were carried out using SolidWorks 2023 and Altair Sim Solid over a frequency range of [0–80] Hz, corresponding to operation on unprocessed soil covered with grass, at a constant forward speed of 7 km/h. The results reveal critical resonance modes and vibration transmission paths that may impact operator health, comfort, and system performance. The research contributes to the development of safer, more ergonomic, and sustainable autonomous agricultural transport systems. By simulating real-world operation scenarios and integrating a rigorously validated experimental protocol—including vibration data acquisition, biomechanical modeling, and multi-stage modal analysis—this study demonstrates the importance of advanced modeling in optimizing system-level performance, minimizing harmful vibrations, and supporting the transition toward resilient and eco-efficient electric tractor platforms in smart agricultural mobility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Systems Practice in Social Science)
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24 pages, 1279 KiB  
Article
Application of Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality in Soft Skills Training with Modeled Personality
by Dawid Budnarowski, Dawid Jereczek, Kalina Detka and Iwona Wieczorek
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(16), 9067; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15169067 - 18 Aug 2025
Viewed by 256
Abstract
Across the world, people are exploring fields where AI (Artificial Intelligence) and VR (Virtual Reality) can be harnessed to unlock new possibilities and drive innovation. The aim of this article was to review the potential and assess the feasibility of using virtual reality [...] Read more.
Across the world, people are exploring fields where AI (Artificial Intelligence) and VR (Virtual Reality) can be harnessed to unlock new possibilities and drive innovation. The aim of this article was to review the potential and assess the feasibility of using virtual reality technology in soft skills training (including people management, stress management, communication, conflict resolution, and sales). A project was developed featuring an application that utilizes virtual reality and artificial intelligence to facilitate communication with a virtual coach. The application operates on Meta Quest 3 virtual reality goggles (Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA). Tests of the presented solution confirm market trends, highlighting the potential for achieving positive training outcomes through immersive technologies. The conclusions outline opportunities for improvement and further development of such solutions. This study applied a quasi-experimental model with pretest, posttest, and four-week follow-up measurements. The effectiveness of VR training was evaluated using a knowledge test (0–100%), a self-assessment scale of soft skills (Likert 1–5), expert behavior observation (0–10 scale), and posttraining surveys. The VR group demonstrated significantly higher gains in knowledge, soft skills, and behavioral performance with knowledge retention reaching 89% after four weeks. These results confirm the effectiveness of immersive VR training and its alignment with current market trends in innovative professional development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Virtual and Augmented Reality: Theory, Methods, and Applications)
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16 pages, 4323 KiB  
Article
IDOVIR—Infrastructure for Documentation of Virtual Reconstructions: Towards a Documentation Practice for Everyone
by Markus Wacker, Marc Grellert, Wolfgang Stille, Jonas Bruschke and Daniel Beck
Heritage 2025, 8(8), 328; https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8080328 - 13 Aug 2025
Viewed by 209
Abstract
Source-based virtual reconstructions have become essential tools for communication and research in urban and architectural studies. While these reconstructions are often showcased through exhibition visualizations, the underlying knowledge is not always apparent or even documented. This raises concerns about their sustainability. Without transparent, [...] Read more.
Source-based virtual reconstructions have become essential tools for communication and research in urban and architectural studies. While these reconstructions are often showcased through exhibition visualizations, the underlying knowledge is not always apparent or even documented. This raises concerns about their sustainability. Without transparent, publicly accessible documentation of the decision-making processes (known as paradata) that come with and support these digital reconstructions, there is a risk of losing both the knowledge embedded in them and their potential scientific value. To enhance transparency and allow for proper assessment and recognition of these reconstructions, thorough documentation and evaluation of the reconstruction processes are crucial. Although there are various approaches to documenting virtual reconstructions tailored to specific use cases, and while some focus on aspects like visualizing reliability, the overall process of documentation remains cumbersome and costly, making it an exception rather than the norm. Previous tools that claim to properly document virtual reconstructions either cover only part of the metadata and linked sources, are too complicated to use, or are no longer available. Currently, there is no universally accepted, straightforward, and easy-to-use workflow for this purpose. The IDOVIR project addresses this gap by offering a user-friendly, web-based platform designed specifically for documenting digital architectural reconstructions. We strive for achieving such a standardized workflow. To date, the platform has already been adopted by a large number of users, and many projects are publicly accessible. Full article
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25 pages, 1402 KiB  
Systematic Review
Educational Technology in Teacher Training: A Systematic Review of Competencies, Skills, Models, and Methods
by Henry David Osorio Vanegas, Yasbley de María Segovia Cifuentes and Angel Sobrino Morrás
Educ. Sci. 2025, 15(8), 1036; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15081036 - 13 Aug 2025
Viewed by 611
Abstract
In the digital era, integrating technology into education is essential to meet contemporary educational demands. This systematic review examines the competencies and skills in educational technology required from in-service teachers serving in elementary, middle, and high schools, alongside the training models and methods [...] Read more.
In the digital era, integrating technology into education is essential to meet contemporary educational demands. This systematic review examines the competencies and skills in educational technology required from in-service teachers serving in elementary, middle, and high schools, alongside the training models and methods implemented over the past decade. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in the Scopus, WOS, and ERIC databases, focusing on studies published between 2014 and 2025. A total of 82 studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria. The review analyzed competencies, skills, training models, and methods, identifying prevailing trends in teacher training for educational technology. The review identified seven key competencies, emphasizing skills such as using software, educational applications, and platforms, as well as virtual collaboration. The TPACK model emerged as the predominant framework for teacher training, encompassing various methods, including professional learning communities and Problem-Based Learning. A progressive and structured approach is necessary to develop teachers’ competencies, encompassing both basic technical skills and the adoption of emerging technologies. Continuous and context-specific teacher training in educational technology is critical for sustainable integration and pedagogical transformation. Barriers such as limited infrastructure and resistance to change highlight the need for strong institutional support and mentorship. Future research should aim to expand to diverse educational settings to validate and extend these findings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Teacher Education)
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14 pages, 591 KiB  
Review
Artificial Intelligence and Extended Reality in the Training of Vascular Surgeons: A Narrative Review
by Joanna Halman, Sonia Tencer and Mariusz Siemiński
Med. Sci. 2025, 13(3), 126; https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci13030126 - 12 Aug 2025
Viewed by 335
Abstract
Background: The rapid shift from open to endovascular techniques in vascular surgery has significantly decreased trainee exposure to high-stakes open procedures. Simulation-based training, especially that incorporating virtual reality (VR) and artificial intelligence (AI), provides a promising way to bridge this skill gap. Objective: [...] Read more.
Background: The rapid shift from open to endovascular techniques in vascular surgery has significantly decreased trainee exposure to high-stakes open procedures. Simulation-based training, especially that incorporating virtual reality (VR) and artificial intelligence (AI), provides a promising way to bridge this skill gap. Objective: This narrative review aims to assess the current evidence on the integration of extended reality (XR) and AI into vascular surgeon training, focusing on technical skill development, performance evaluation, and educational results. Methods: We reviewed the literature on AI- and XR-enhanced surgical education across various specialties, focusing on validated cognitive learning theories, simulation methods, and procedure-specific training. This review covered studies on general, neurosurgical, orthopedic, and vascular procedures, along with recent systematic reviews and consensus statements. Results: VR-based training speeds up skill learning, reduces procedural mistakes, and enhances both technical and non-technical skills. AI-powered platforms provide real-time feedback, performance benchmarking, and objective skill evaluations. In vascular surgery, high-fidelity simulations have proven effective for training in carotid artery stenting, EVAR, rAAA management, and peripheral interventions. Patient-specific rehearsal, haptic feedback, and mixed-reality tools further improve realism and readiness. However, challenges like cost, data security, algorithmic bias, and the absence of long-term outcome data remain. Conclusions: XR and AI technologies are transforming vascular surgical education by providing scalable, evidence-based alternatives to traditional training methods. Future integration into curricula should focus on ethical use, thorough validation, and alignment with cognitive learning frameworks. A structured approach that combines VR, simulation, cadaver labs, and supervised practice may be the safest and most effective way to train the next generation of vascular surgeons. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Cardiovascular Disease)
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11 pages, 2092 KiB  
Article
Multiplayer Virtual Labs for Electronic Circuit Design: A Digital Twin-Based Learning Approach
by Konstantinos Sakkas, Niki Eleni Ntagka, Michail Spyridakis, Andreas Miltiadous, Euripidis Glavas, Alexandros T. Tzallas and Nikolaos Giannakeas
Electronics 2025, 14(16), 3163; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14163163 - 8 Aug 2025
Viewed by 239
Abstract
The rapid development of digital technologies is opening up new avenues for transforming education, particularly in fields that require practical training, such as electronic circuit design. In this context, this paper presents the development of a multiplayer virtual learning platform that makes use [...] Read more.
The rapid development of digital technologies is opening up new avenues for transforming education, particularly in fields that require practical training, such as electronic circuit design. In this context, this paper presents the development of a multiplayer virtual learning platform that makes use of digital twins technology to offer a realistic, collaborative experience in a simulated environment. Users can interact in real time through synchronized avatars, voice communication, and multiple viewing angles, simulating a physical classroom. Evaluation of the platform with undergraduate students showed positive results in terms of usability, collaboration, and learning effectiveness. Despite the limitations of the sample, the findings reinforce the prospect of virtual laboratories as a modern tool in technical education. Full article
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17 pages, 550 KiB  
Article
Modeling Strategies for Conducting Wave Surveillance Using a Swarm of Security Drones
by Oleg Fedorovich, Mikhail Lukhanin, Dmytro Krytskyi and Oleksandr Prokhorov
Computation 2025, 13(8), 193; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13080193 - 8 Aug 2025
Viewed by 264
Abstract
This work formulates and solves the actual problem of studying the logistics of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operations in facility security planning. The study is related to security tasks, including perimeter control, infrastructure condition monitoring, prevention of unauthorized access, and analysis of potential [...] Read more.
This work formulates and solves the actual problem of studying the logistics of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operations in facility security planning. The study is related to security tasks, including perimeter control, infrastructure condition monitoring, prevention of unauthorized access, and analysis of potential threats. Thus, the topic of the proposed publication is relevant as it examines the sequence of logistical actions in the large-scale application of a swarm of drones for facility protection. The purpose of the research is to create a set of mathematical and simulation models that can be used to analyze the capabilities of a drone swarm when organizing security measures. The article analyzes modern problems of using a drone swarm: formation of the swarm, assessment of its potential capabilities, organization of patrols, development of monitoring scenarios, planning of drone routes and assessment of the effectiveness of the security system. Special attention is paid to the possibilities of wave patrols to provide continuous surveillance of the object. In order to form a drone swarm and possibly divide it into groups sent to different surveillance zones, the necessary UAV capacity to effectively perform security tasks is assessed. Possible security scenarios using drone waves are developed as follows: single patrolling with limited resources; two-wave patrolling; and multi-stage patrolling for complete coverage of the protected area with the required number of UAVs. To select priority monitoring areas, the functional potential of drones and current risks are taken into account. An optimization model of rational distribution of drones into groups to ensure effective control of the protected area is created. Possible variants of drone group formation are analyzed as follows: allocation of one priority surveillance zone, formation of a set of key zones, or even distribution of swarm resources along the entire perimeter. Possible scenarios for dividing the drone swarm in flight are developed as follows: dividing the swarm into groups at the launch stage, dividing the swarm at a given navigation point on the route, and repeatedly dividing the swarm at different patrol points. An original algorithm for the formation of drone flight routes for object surveillance based on the simulation modeling of the movement of virtual objects simulating drones has been developed. An agent-based model on the AnyLogic platform was created to study the logistics of security operations. The scientific novelty of the study is related to the actual task of forming possible strategies for using a swarm of drones to provide integrated security of objects, which contributes to improving the efficiency of security and monitoring systems. The results of the study can be used by specialists in security, logistics, infrastructure monitoring and other areas related to the use of drone swarms for effective control and protection of facilities. Full article
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45 pages, 3405 KiB  
Article
Electric Network Frequency as Environmental Fingerprint for Metaverse Security: A Comprehensive Survey
by Mohsen Hatami, Lhamo Dorje, Xiaohua Li and Yu Chen
Computers 2025, 14(8), 321; https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14080321 - 8 Aug 2025
Viewed by 421
Abstract
The rapid expansion of the Metaverse presents complex security challenges, particularly in verifying virtual objects and avatars within immersive environments. Conventional authentication methods, such as passwords and biometrics, often prove inadequate in these dynamic environments, especially as essential infrastructures, such as smart grids, [...] Read more.
The rapid expansion of the Metaverse presents complex security challenges, particularly in verifying virtual objects and avatars within immersive environments. Conventional authentication methods, such as passwords and biometrics, often prove inadequate in these dynamic environments, especially as essential infrastructures, such as smart grids, integrate with virtual platforms. Cybersecurity threats intensify as advanced attacks introduce fraudulent data, compromising system reliability and safety. Using the Electric Network Frequency (ENF), a naturally varying signal emitted from power grids, provides an innovative environmental fingerprint to authenticate digital twins and Metaverse entities in the smart grid. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the ENF as an environmental fingerprint for enhancing Metaverse security, reviewing its characteristics, sensing methods, limitations, and applications in threat modeling and the CIA triad (Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability), and presents a real-world case study to demonstrate its effectiveness in practical settings. By capturing the ENF as having a unique signature that is timestamped, this method strengthens security by directly correlating physical grid behavior and virtual interactions, effectively combating threats such as deepfake manipulations. Building upon recent developments in signal processing, this strategy reinforces the integrity of digital environments, delivering robust protection against evolving cyber–physical risks and facilitating secure, scalable virtual infrastructures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Using New Technologies in Cyber Security Solutions (2nd Edition))
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18 pages, 655 KiB  
Article
Examining Consumer Impulsive Purchase Intention in Virtual AI Streaming: A S-O-R Perspective
by Tao Zhou and Songtao Li
J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(3), 204; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20030204 - 6 Aug 2025
Viewed by 607
Abstract
Virtual AI-driven streamers have been gradually used in live commerce, and they may affect consumer impulsive purchase intention. Drawing on the stimulus–organism–response (S-O-R) model, this research examined consumer impulsive purchase intention in virtual AI streaming. Based on survey data from 411 predominantly young [...] Read more.
Virtual AI-driven streamers have been gradually used in live commerce, and they may affect consumer impulsive purchase intention. Drawing on the stimulus–organism–response (S-O-R) model, this research examined consumer impulsive purchase intention in virtual AI streaming. Based on survey data from 411 predominantly young and educated virtual AI streaming users recruited through snowball sampling, we found that perceived responsiveness, perceived likeability, perceived expertise, and perceived anthropomorphism of virtual AI streamers are associated with trust and flow experience, both of which predict consumers’ impulsive purchase intentions. The fsQCA identified two paths that lead to impulsive purchase intention. The results imply that live streaming platforms need to engender consumers’ trust and flow experience in order to increase their impulsive purchase intention. Full article
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15 pages, 1726 KiB  
Systematic Review
Application of Augmented Reality in Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review
by Jan Orlewski, Bettina Hochreiter, Karl Wieser and Philipp Kriechling
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(15), 5533; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14155533 - 6 Aug 2025
Viewed by 315
Abstract
Background: Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is increasingly used for managing cuff tear arthropathy, osteoarthritis, complex fractures, and revision procedures. As the demand for surgical precision and reproducibility grows, immersive technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and metaverse-based platforms are [...] Read more.
Background: Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is increasingly used for managing cuff tear arthropathy, osteoarthritis, complex fractures, and revision procedures. As the demand for surgical precision and reproducibility grows, immersive technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and metaverse-based platforms are being explored for surgical training, intraoperative guidance, and rehabilitation. While early data suggest potential benefits, a focused synthesis specific to RTSA is lacking. Methods: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases was performed through 30 May 2025. Eligible studies included those evaluating immersive technologies in the context of RTSA for skill acquisition or intraoperative guidance. Only peer-reviewed articles published in English were included. Data were synthesized narratively due to heterogeneity in study design and outcome metrics. Results: Out of 628 records screened, 21 studies met the inclusion criteria. Five studies evaluated immersive VR for surgical training: four randomized controlled trials and one retrospective case series. VR training improved procedural efficiency and showed non-inferiority to cadaveric training. Sixteen studies investigated intraoperative navigation or AR guidance. Clinical and cadaveric studies consistently reported improved accuracy in glenoid baseplate positioning with reduced angular and linear deviations in postoperative controls as compared to preoperative planning. Conclusions: Immersive technologies show promise in enhancing training, intraoperative accuracy, and procedural consistency in RTSA. VR and AR platforms may support standardized surgical education and precision-based practice, but their broad clinical impact remains limited by small sample sizes, heterogeneous methodologies, and limited long-term outcomes. Further multicenter trials with standardized endpoints and cost-effectiveness analyses are warranted. Postoperative rehabilitation using immersive technologies in RTSA remains underexplored and presents an opportunity for future research. Full article
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