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Article

An N-Linked Bidentate Phosphoramidite Ligand (N-Me-BIPAM) for Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4-Addition of Arylboronic Acids to α,β-Unsaturated Ketones

by
Yasunori Yamamoto
*,
Kazunori Kurihara
,
Yoshinori Takahashi
and
Norio Miyaura
Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2013, 18(1), 14-26; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules18010014
Submission received: 30 November 2012 / Revised: 14 December 2012 / Accepted: 17 December 2012 / Published: 20 December 2012
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Organoboron Chemistry)
Browse Figures
Versions Notes

Abstract

:
A new bidentate phosphoramidite (N-Me-BIPAM) based on Shibasaki’s N-linked BINOL was synthesized. This ligand appears to be highly effective for rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric conjugated addition of arylboronic acids to α,β-unsaturated enones. The reaction of ortho-substituted arylboronic acid with acyclic and cyclic enones provides the corresponding products in good yields and enantioselectivities.

1. Introduction

Metal-catalyzed conjugated addition reactions of carbon nucleophiles to α,β-unsaturated compounds are the most widely used reactions for asymmetric carbon-carbon bond formation [1,2,3]. Much interest has recently been shown in rhodium-catalyzed conjugate addition of arylboronic acids to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8] using various ligands [9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21] such as biaryl bisphosphines [4,5,6,7,8], phosphoramidites [22,23,24,25,26,27,28], diphosphonite [29], amidomonophosphines [30,31], N-heterocyclic carbenes [32,33], P-chiral phosphine [34], and dienes [35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43]. Although many chiral ligands give adducts with good selectivity for cyclic enones, there are few ligands that give good results for both acyclic and cyclic enones. In addition, though conjugate addition of ortho-substituted arylboronic acids to α,β-unsaturated cyclic enones has been achieved in high enantioselectivities [9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,21,44], there have been few reports on this reaction for acyclic enones [38,51,52]. On the other hand, we have already reported that a new bidentate phosphoramidite ligand (Me-BIPAM) based on O-linked-BINOL was synthesized and that a rhodium/Me-BIPAM complex was a better catalyst than several monodentate phosphoramidites for conjugate addition of arylboronic acids to α,β-unsaturated cyclic and acyclic carbonyl compounds [53,54]. However, we were not satisfied with the enantioselectivities for acyclic enones such as (E)-3-nonene-2-one using Me-BIPAM. Therefore, we reported that the bidentate phosphoramidite N-Me-BIPAM, which was newly synthesized on the basis of N-linked-BINOL [55], was highly efficient for rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric arylation of N-sulfonyl aldimine with arylboronic acids [56].
Herein we report that rhodium/N-Me-BIPAM catalyzed 1,4-addition of arylboronic acids to α,β-unsaturated enones. N-Me-BIPAM was found to be highly effective for rhodium-catalyzed conjugate addition of arylboronic acids to α,β-unsaturated acyclic and cyclic enones. Furthermore, the use of N-Me-BIPAM was necessary to achieve high enantioselectivity for the reaction of ortho-substituted arylboronic acids to acyclic and cyclic enones.

2. Results and Discussion

N-linked bidentate phosphoramidite was easily synthesized from Shibasaki’s N-linked BINOL and P(NMe2)3 in good yield (Scheme 1). 31P-NMR of the mixture of Rh(acac)(C2H4)2 and N-Me-BIPAM exhibited a single signal at 160.0 ppm (d, JRh-P = 292.3 Hz), suggesting the intramolecular complexation of two phosphorous atoms to a rhodium metal center. The formation of a 1:1 complex was also confirmed by mass spectroscopy (ESI), which showed a molecular weight of 976.2152 (M+H).
Molecules 18 00014 g002 550
Scheme 1. Synthesis of bisphosphoramidite (N-Me-BIPAM).
Scheme 1. Synthesis of bisphosphoramidite (N-Me-BIPAM).
Molecules 18 00014 g002
The efficiency of N-Me-BIPAM was investigated in rhodium-catalyzed conjugate addition of arylboronic acids to enones. We first examined the addition of phenylboronic acid to (E)-3-nonene-2-one in an aqueous solvent (Table 1). Preparation of the rhodium catalyst from [Rh(coe)2Cl]2, N-Me-BIPAM and a base in 1,4-dioxane or in DME resulted in low selectivity (entries 1–5). Among the representative inorganic bases employed, K2CO3 was found to be the best, giving 87% ee (entry 4). However, the use of triethylamine for a combination of [Rh(nbd)2]BF4 and N-Me-BIPAM resulted in a quantitative yield with 92% ee (entry 7).
Table
Table 1. Optimization of the reaction conditions.
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Table 1. Optimization of the reaction conditions.
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Entry[Rh]SolventBaseYield (%) aee (%) b
1[Rh(coe)2Cl]2dioxaneKOH9678
2[Rh(coe)2Cl]2DMEKOH9981
3[Rh(coe)2Cl]2DMEK3PO45973
4[Rh(coe)2Cl]2DMEK2CO39487
5[Rh(coe)2Cl]2DMENEt3trace-
6[Rh(nbd)2]BF4DMEK2CO35787
7[Rh(nbd)2]BF4DMENEt39992
a Isolated yield; b Determined by HPLC.
With these optimized conditions, 1,4-addition of arylboronic acids to representative α,β-unsaturated acyclic and cyclic enones was carried out in the presence of a [Rh(nbd)2]BF4/N-Me-BIPAM catalyst (Table 2). N-Me-BIPAM achieved high enantioselectivities in the range of 92–95% ee for (E)-3-nonen-2-one (entries 1–3). The selectivities were in the range of 82–90% ee for (E)-5-methyl-3-hexen-2-one (entries 4–6). However, this ligand was not effective for substrates having a phenyl group at the carbonyl carbon or the β-carbon due to steric hindrance of the aryl ring (entries 7 and 8).
Table
Table 2. Asymmetric conjugated addition of arylboronic acids to α,β-unsaturated enones.
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Table 2. Asymmetric conjugated addition of arylboronic acids to α,β-unsaturated enones.
Molecules 18 00014 i002
EntryEnonesFGTemp. (°C)ProductYield (%) aee (%) b
1(E)-C5H11CH=CHCOCH3H25139992 (S)
2 c(E)-C5H11CH=CHCOCH3MeO25149694 (S)
3(E)-C5H11CH=CHCOCH3F50158395 (+)
4(E)-(CH3)2CHCH=CHCOCH3H50168387 (R)
5(E)-(CH3)2CHCH=CHCOCH3MeO25176090 (R)
6(E)-(CH3)2CHCH=CHCOCH3F50184282 (+)
7(E)-CH3CH=CHCOPhMeO50198777 (+)
8(E)-PhCH=CHCOCH3MeO50209977 (+)
9 c(E)-cyclo-C6H11CH=CHCOCH3MeO50219488 (+)
10 c2-CyclohexenoneH50229999 (R)
a Isolated yield; b Determined by HPLC; c Used [Rh(coe)2Cl]2, KOH and dioxane/H2O instead of optimized condition.
The steric hindrance of an ortho-substituent on the arylboronic acids slows down the reaction rate significantly and decreases the enantioselectivity. It was interesting that N-Me-BIPAM exhibited good performance for such boronic acids. The results of 1,4-addition of 2-tolylboronic acid to (E)-3-nonen-2-one are shown in Scheme 2. The use of neutral [Rh(coe)2Cl]2 and K2CO3 for N-Me-BIPAM resulted in a quantitative yield and the best selectivity (94% ee).
Molecules 18 00014 g003 550
Scheme 2. Asymmetric 1,4-addition of 2-tolylboronic acids to 3-nonene-2-one.
Scheme 2. Asymmetric 1,4-addition of 2-tolylboronic acids to 3-nonene-2-one.
Molecules 18 00014 g003
Table 3 shows the results of 1,4-addition of arylboronic acids possessing a methyl, fluoro or methoxy group at the ortho-carbon or 1-naphthylboronic acid to the representative acyclic and cyclic enones. The use of a series of arylboronic acids for (E)-3-nonen-2-one showed enantioselectivities decreasing in the order of F > Me > 1-naphthyl > MeO (entries 1–5). On the other hand, the effect of substituents was F > MeO > 1-naphthyl > Me for (E)-CH3CH=CHCOPh (entries 6–9). Thus, the selectivities were greatly dependent on the bulkiness and electronic property of substituted arylboronic acids and enone substrates. Among them, 1,4-addition of ortho-tolylboronic acid to (E)-3-nonen-2-one resulted in 92% yield and 97% ee with 0.1 mol% catalyst loading (entry 2). When benzylideneacetone which have the bulky substitution on the β-position was used as a substrate, the product was obtained in good enantioselectivity, but reactivity was lower (entry 10). There was no difficulty in achieving high enantioselectivities for 5- and 6- and 7-membered enones at room temperature (entries 11–16). Most of the reactions resulted in more than 94% ee for these cyclic substrates.
The good performance of N-Me-BIPAM for ortho-substituted arylboronic acids was applied to the synthesis of optically active 4-alkyl-4H-chromenes (Scheme 3). Under conditions optimized in Scheme 3 using K2CO3 as the base, 1,4-addition of 2-hydroxyphenylboronic acid resulted in very low yield due to hydrolytic B-C bond cleavage with water. However, the use of 3 equivalents of boronic acid and KHCO3 at 80 °C afforded an 1,4-adduct in quantitative yield. The 1,4-adduct thus obtained was a 1:1 mixture of ketone and hemiacetal. It was then treated with TsOH·H2O and MS 4A in toluene at 100 °C [57] to give optically active 2-methyl-4-pentyl-4H-chromene in 78% yield with 98% ee [58].
Table
Table 3. Asymmetric conjugated addition of o-substituted arylboronic acids to α,β-unsaturated enones.
Molecules 18 00014 i003
Table 3. Asymmetric conjugated addition of o-substituted arylboronic acids to α,β-unsaturated enones.
Molecules 18 00014 i003
EntryEnonesFGTemp. (°C)ProductYield (%) aee (%) b
1(E)-n-C5H11CH=CHCOCH3Me25249994 (S)
2(E)-n-C5H11CH=CHCOCH3Me50249297 c (S)
3(E)-n-C5H11CH=CHCOCH3MeO50308680 (+)
4(E)-n-C5H11CH=CHCOCH3F50319099 (+)
5(E)-n-C5H11CH=CHCOCH31-naphtyl80327786 (+)
6(E)-CH3CH=CHCOPhMe50338081 (−)
7(E)-CH3CH=CHCOPhMeO50348892 (+)
8(E)-CH3CH=CHCOPhF50358699 (−)
9(E)-CH3CH=CHCOPh1-naphtyl50368783 (−)
10(E)-PhCH=CHCOCH3Me50374990 (R)
112-CyclopentenoneMe25389097 (R)
122-CyclopentenoneMeO25396794 (R)
132-CyclopentenoneF25403297 (R)
142-Cyclopentenone1-naphtyl25417799 (R)
152-CyclopentenoneMe25429487 (R)
162-CycloheptenoneMe25439297 (R)
a Isolated yield; b Determined by HPLC; c Used 0.1 mol% of rhodium catalyst.
Molecules 18 00014 g004 550
Scheme 3. Synthesis of 2-methyl-4-pentyl-4H-chromene.
Scheme 3. Synthesis of 2-methyl-4-pentyl-4H-chromene.
Molecules 18 00014 g004
Finally, a stable conformation of the [Rh(Ph)(H2O)((R,R)-N-Me-BIPAM)] intermediate generated by transmetalation of phenylboronic acid to [Rh(OH)(H2O)((R,R)-N-Me-BIPAM)] was calculated on the basis of a theoretical method (B3LYP/6-31G++(d)/B3LYP/LANL2DZ level). There is a completely planar coordination space in the upper and lower left areas consisting of a phenyl group on a rhodium atom. A naphthoxy group in the upper right area occupies a pseudo-axial position and an NMe2 group in the lower right area occupies a pseudo-equatorial position, thus suggesting that the space is accessible to reactants in the upper right quadrant and two quadrants in the left area. On the basis of this calculation, a mode of coordination of an enone to the phenyl rhodium(I) intermediate is proposed in Figure 1. The re-coordination of a substrate can be preferred without significant steric interaction for giving the experimentally observed R enantiomer by parallel coordination of the C-O double bond to the Ph-Rh bond for the next insertion process. On the other hand, the coordination of an enone from its opposite si face is blocked by the equatorial NMe2 group.
Molecules 18 00014 g001 550
Figure 1. Optimized structure of [Rh(Ph)(H2O)((R,R)-N-Me-BIPAM)].
Figure 1. Optimized structure of [Rh(Ph)(H2O)((R,R)-N-Me-BIPAM)].
Molecules 18 00014 g001

3. Experimental

3.1. General

1H-NMR spectra were recorded on a JEOL ECX-400 (400 MHz) in CDCl3 with tetramethylsilane as an internal standard. Chemical shifts are reported in part per million (ppm), and signal are expressed as singlet (s), doublet (d), triplet (t), quartet (q), multiplet (m), and broad (br). 13C-NMR spectra were recorded on a JEOL ECX-400 (100 MHz) in CDCl3 (δC = 77.0) with tetramethylsilane as an internal standard. Chemical shifts are reported in part per million (ppm). HPLC analysis was directly performed with chiral stationary phase column, Chiralpak AD-H, IB or Chiralcel OD-H, OB-H purchased from DAICEL Co., Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). High resolution mass spectra (HRMS) were recorded on a JEOL JMS 700TZ mass spectrometer at the Center for Instrumental Analysis, Hokkaido University, Japan. Optical rotations were measured on a HORIBA SEPA-300 digital polarimeter. Kanto Chemical silica gel 60N (particle size 0.063-0.210 mm) was used for flash column chromatography.

3.2. Synthesis of N-Me-BIPAM (2)

(R,R)-3,3'-[Methyliminobis(methylene)]bis(1,1'-binaphtylene-2,2'-diol) (1, 2.4 mmol) and P(NMe2)3 (6 mmol) in dry toluene were stirred for 2 days at 30 °C under nitrogen. The crude solid obtained by evaporation of the solvent was purified by column chromatography to give N-Me-BIPAM (2) as a white solid (73%). [α]22D = −578.3 (c 0.56, CHCl3),1H-NMR (400 MHz, CD2Cl2) δ = 8.32 (s, 2H), 7.93 (q, J = 9.1 Hz, 6H), 7.36–7.41 (m, 4H), 7.18–7.29 (m, 8H), 4.09 (d, J = 15.4 Hz, 2H), 3.76 (d, J = 15.4 Hz, 2H), 2.58 (s, 3H), 2.32 (s, 6H), 2.30 (s, 6H), 13C-NMR (CD2Cl2) δ = 149.5, 149.4, 148.6, 132.9, 131.5, 130.9, 129.8, 129.3, 128.2, 127.6, 127.3, 126.9, 126.4, 125.5, 124.8, 124.0, 122.7, 122.6, 121.1, 57.3, 44.5, 36.1, 34.8 31P-NMR (100 MHz, CD2Cl2) 149.5 HRMS (FAB) calcd for C47H42N3O4P2 (M+H) 774.2651, Found 774.2667.

3.3. General Procedure for Asymmetric 1,4-Addition

A flask charged with rhodium catalyst (0.015 mmol) and N-Me-BIPAM (0.033 mmol) was flushed with nitrogen. Solvent (3 mL) was then added. After being stirred for 1 h at room temperature, aryl boronic acid (1.5 mmol), enone (1 mmol), base (1 mmol) and water (0.3 mL) were added. The resulting mixture was stirred for 16 h at 25 °C, 50 °C or 80 °C. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, washed with brine, and dried over MgSO4. After concentration, the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel with hexane/ethyl acetate to give the product as a clear liquid.
The spectral data of compounds 13 [59], 14 [59], 15 [54], 16 [59], 17 [59], 18 [54], 20 [54], 21 [54], 22 [59], 24 [38], 38 [29], 39 [44], 40 [25], 41 [45], 42 [47], 43 [32] was previously reported. The specific rotations of these compounds were (S)-13 ([α]23D = +15.2 (c 0.11, CHCl3)), (S)-14 [([α]23D = +4.83 (c 0.30, CHCl3)], 15 ([α]23D = +12.6 (c 0.70, CHCl3)), (R)-16 [([α]23D = +27.4 (c 0.55, CHCl3)], (R)-17 ([α]23D = +24.7 (c 0.33, CHCl3)), 18 ([α]23D = +20.1 (c 0.53, CHCl3)), 20 ([α]23D = +1.04 (c 0.60, CHCl3)), 21 ([α]23D = +26.8 (c 0.41, CHCl3)), (R)-22 ([α]23D = +17.9 (c 0.78, CHCl3)), (S)-24 ([α]22D = +12.2 (c 0.51, CHCl3)), (R)-38 ([α]23D = +39.4 (c 0.48, CHCl3)), (R)-39 ([α]23D = +13.8 (c 0.38, CHCl3)), (R)-40 ([α]23D = +11.5 (c 0.31, CHCl3)), (R)-41 ([α]23D = +8.70 (c 0.25, CHCl3)), (R)-42 ([α]23D = +19.4 (c 0.26, CHCl3)), (R)-43 ([α]23D = +20.6 (c 0.30, CHCl3)).
3-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylbutan-1-one (19). [α]24D = +0.41 (c 0.48, CHCl3), 77% ee [HPLC conditions: Chiralcel OD-H column, hexane/ethanol = 9:1, flow = 0.5 mL/min, wavelength = 254 nm, tR = 29.4 min and 32.8 min]; 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 1.33 (d, J = 7.25 Hz, 3H), 3.18 (dd, J = 8.2, 16.8 Hz, 1H), 3.31 (dd, J = 5.4, 16.8 Hz, 1H), 3.45–3.54 (m, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 6.74–6.76 (m, 1H), 6.84 (t, J = 1.81 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.42–7.46 (m, 2H), 7.53–7.56 (m, 1H), 7.94 (dd, J = 1.36, 7.25 Hz, 2H); 13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 21.9, 35.7, 47.0, 55.3, 112.1, 112.2, 119.3, 127.4, 127.9, 129.0, 129.5, 130.4, 133.1, 137.2, 148.4, 159.8, 199.1; exact mass calcd for C17H18O2: 254.1307; Found 254.1290.
4-(2-Methoxyphenyl)nonan-2-one (30). [α]24D = +3.13 (c 0.40, CHCl3), 80% ee [HPLC conditions: Chiralcel OJ-H column, hexane/2-propanol = 100:1, flow = 0.3 mL/min, wavelength = 254 nm, tR = 20.5 min and 23.0 min]; 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 0.80–0.84 (m, 3H), 1.10–1.25 (m, 6H), 1.53–1.64 (m, 2H), 2.04 (s, 3H), 2.64–2.75 (m, 2H), 3.52–3.59 (m, 1H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 6.83–6.89 (m, 2H), 7.10–7.16 (m, 2H); 13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 13.9, 22.4, 27.0, 30.0, 31.7, 34.6, 34.8, 49.8, 55.2, 110.5, 120.5, 127.0, 127.7, 132.4, 157.1, 208.5; exact mass calcd for C15H24O2: 248.1776; Found 248.1786.
4-(2-Fluorophenyl)nonan-2-one (31). [α]22D = −3.32 (c 0.56, CHCl3), 99% ee [HPLC conditions: Chiralpak IA column, hexane/2-propanol = 200:1, flow = 0.8 mL/min, wavelength = 254 nm, tR = 21.7 min and 24.7 min]; 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ =0.82 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.08–1.32 (m, 6H), 1.57–1.62 (m, 2H), 2.05 (s, 3H), 2.76 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 3.37–3.44 (m, 1H), 6.95–7.17 (m, 4H); 13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ =14.1, 22.6, 27.2, 30.4, 31.7, 35.2, 49.5, 115.6, 124.2, 127.0, 128.6, 130.0, 131.2, 207.8, 161.5; exact mass calcd for C15H21FO: 236.1576; Found 236.1576.
4-Naphthalen-1-yl-nonan-2-one (32). [α]22D = +18.6 (c 0.54, CHCl3), 81% ee [HPLC conditions: Chiralpak IB column, hexane/2-propanol = 100:1, flow = 0.5 mL/min, wavelength = 254 nm, tR = 17.7 min and 18.9 min]; 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ =0.80 (t, J = 6.7 Hz, 3H), 1.10–1.30 (m, 6H), 1.70–1.83 (m, 2H), 2.04 (s, 3H), 2.84 (d, J = 6.7 Hz, 2H), 4.02–4.17 (m, 1H), 7.35 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.41–7.53 (m, 3H), 7.71 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 8.19 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H); 13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 14.1, 22.6, 27.2, 30.7, 32.1, 36.2, 50.9, 123.3, 125.6, 126.1, 126.9, 129.1, 132.0, 134.2, 141.1, 208.1; exact mass calcd for C19H24O: 268.1827; Found 268.1836.
1-Phenyl-3-o-tolylbutan-1-one (33). [α]24D = −20.1 (c 0.42, CHCl3), 81% ee [HPLC conditions: Chiralpak IB column, hexane/2-propanol = 99.8:0.2, flow = 0.5 mL/min, wavelength = 254 nm, tR = 22.4 min and 24.2 min]; 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 1.31 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 3.21 (dd, J = 8.2, 16.7 Hz, 1H), 3.30 (dd, J = 5.4, 16.7 Hz, 1H), 3.74–3.82 (m, 1H), 7.10–7.29 (m, 3H), 7.28 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.53–7.58 (m, 1H), 7.96 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H); 13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 19.7, 21.5, 30.5, 46.4, 125.3, 125.4, 127.1, 127.9, 128.2, 129.5, 130.6, 132.3, 133.9, 135.4, 137.3, 144.9, 199.3; exact mass calcd for C17H18O: 238.1358; Found 238.1358.
3-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylbutan-1-one (34). [α]22D = +6.73 (c 0.54, CHCl3), 92% ee [HPLC conditions: Chiralpak IB column, hexane/2-propanol = 99.8:0.2, flow = 0.5 mL/min, wavelength = 254 nm, tR = 30.4 min and 58.1 min]; 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 1.32 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H), 3.03–3.09 (m, 1H), 3.37 (dd, J = 4.5, 15.9 Hz, 1H), 3.80–3.90 (m, 1H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 6.86 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.26–7.18 (m, 2H), 7.45 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.55 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H); 13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 19.9, 29.7, 46.1, 55.4, 110.6, 120.7, 127.3, 127.5, 127.8, 128.1, 129.1, 129.4, 132.2, 133.8, 134.5, 137.3, 156.9, 199.8; exact mass calcd for C17H18O2: 254.1307 ; Found 254.1317.
3-(2-Fluorophenyl)-1-phenylbutan-1-one (35). [α]23D = −2.91 (c 0.53, CHCl3), 95% ee [HPLC conditions: Chiralpak IB column, hexane/2-propanol = 99.8:2, flow = 0.5 mL/min, wavelength = 254 nm, tR = 22.2 min and 24.2 min]; 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 1.35 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H), 3.21 (dd, J = 8.2, 16.8 Hz, 1H), 3.38 (dd, J = 5.9, 16.8 Hz, 1H), 3.71–3.80 (m, 1H), 6.98–7.09 (m, 2H), 7.14–7.20 (m, 1H), 7.27 (ddt, J = 1.36, 1.81, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.54 (dd, J = 7.3, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (dd, J = 1.4, 7.3 Hz, 2H); 13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 20.7, 29.9, 45.4, 115.7, 123.5, 125.5, 127.0, 127.4, 127.9, 129.0, 129.5, 132.3, 134.0, 137.1, 160.9, 198.9; exact mass calcd for C16H15FO: 242.1107; Found 242.1119.
3-Naphthalen-1-yl-1-phenylbutan-1-one (36). [α]22D = −56.3 (c 0.51, CHCl3), 83% ee [HPLC conditions: Chiralpak IB column, hexane/2-propanol = 99.8:0.2, flow = 0.5 mL/min, wavelength = 254 nm, tR = 47.3 min and 63.0 min]; 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 1.50 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H), 3.32–3.45 (m, 2H), 4.39–4.48 (m, 1H), 7.44–7.59 (m, 7H), 7.75 (dd, J = 4.5, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.98 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 8.22 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H); 13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 21.2, 29.7, 46.8, 122.6, 123.3, 125.2, 125.7, 126.2, 127.1, 127.4, 128.2, 128.7, 129.0, 129.9, 131.2, 132.4, 134.0, 137.3, 142.7, 199.5; exact mass calcd for C20H18O: 274.1358; Found 274.1358.
(R)-4-Phenyl-4-o-tolylbutan-2-one (37). [α]24D = −66.6 (c 0.52, CHCl3), 90% ee [HPLC conditions: Chiralcel OD-H column, hexane/ethanol = 9:1, flow = 0.5 mL/min, wavelength = 254 nm, tR = 14.8 min and 16.8 min]; 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 2.07 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 3.15 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 4.78 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.09–7.13 (m, 2H), 7.13–7.20 (m, 4H), 7.20–7.24 (m, 3H); 13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 19.8, 30.7, 41.9, 50.0, 126.0, 126.3, 126.3, 126.4, 127.9, 128.5, 130.8, 136.4, 141.5, 143.5, 206.9; exact mass calcd for C17H18O: 238.1358; Found 238.1373.
2-Methyl-4-pentyl-4H-chromene (47). [α]22D = +282.1 (c 0.70, THF), 98% ee [HPLC conditions: Chiralcel OD-H column, hexane/ethanol = 100:1, flow = 0.5 mL/min, wavelength = 254 nm, tR = 7.5 min and 8.6 min]; 1H-NMR (CD2Cl2) δ = 0.84 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.17–1.33 (m, 6H), 1.51–1.59 (m, 2H), 1.87 (s, 3H), 3.38 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (d, J = 4.1 Hz, 1H), 6.81–6.83 (m, 1H), 6.94–6.99 (m, 1H), 7.07–7.11 (m, 1H); 13C-NMR (CD2Cl2) δ = 13.9, 19.1, 23.9, 31.4, 33.9, 39.5, 99.9, 115.8, 122.8, 124.6, 126.9, 128.4, 147.5, 151.9; exact mass calcd for C15H20O: 216.1514; found 216.1517.

4. Conclusions

We have synthesized a new bidentate phosphoramidite, N-Me-BIPAM, based on Shibasaki’s N-linked BINOL. This ligand was found to be an excellent ligand for both cyclic and acyclic enones. Due to its low electron-donating property, the reactions were completed in a shorter time at room temperature than that of traditional BINAP complexes. Furthermore, N-Me-BIPAM allowed the 1,4-addition of ortho-substituted arylboronic acid to acyclic and cyclic enones with high enantioselectivities.

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  • Sample Availability: Samples of the bidentate phosphoramidite are available from the authors.

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Yamamoto, Y.; Kurihara, K.; Takahashi, Y.; Miyaura, N. An N-Linked Bidentate Phosphoramidite Ligand (N-Me-BIPAM) for Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4-Addition of Arylboronic Acids to α,β-Unsaturated Ketones. Molecules 2013, 18, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules18010014

AMA Style

Yamamoto Y, Kurihara K, Takahashi Y, Miyaura N. An N-Linked Bidentate Phosphoramidite Ligand (N-Me-BIPAM) for Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4-Addition of Arylboronic Acids to α,β-Unsaturated Ketones. Molecules. 2013; 18(1):14-26. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules18010014

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yamamoto, Yasunori, Kazunori Kurihara, Yoshinori Takahashi, and Norio Miyaura. 2013. "An N-Linked Bidentate Phosphoramidite Ligand (N-Me-BIPAM) for Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4-Addition of Arylboronic Acids to α,β-Unsaturated Ketones" Molecules 18, no. 1: 14-26. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules18010014

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