Next Article in Journal
Optimized Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Polygonum cuspidatum
Previous Article in Journal
Three-Component Reaction of Tautomeric Amidines with 3-Ferrocenylmethylidene-2,4-pentanedione. Formation of Polymeric Coordination Complexes of Potassium Ferrocenyl-(hexahydro)pyrimidoxides
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Molecules
Volume 19
Issue 1
10.3390/molecules19010055
molecules-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles thumb_up
...
Endorse textsms
...
Comment
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Communication

Pseudo-Four Component Synthesis of Mono- and Di-Benzylated-1,2,3-Triazoles Derived from Aniline

by
Daniel Mendoza-Espinosa
1,
Guillermo E. Negron-Silva
1,*,
Leticia Lomas-Romero
2,
Atilano Gutierrez-Carrillo
2 and
Rosa Santillán
3
1
Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, Avenida San Pablo No. 180, C.P. 02200, México D.F., Mexico
2
Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, C.P. 09340, México D.F., Mexico
3
Departamento de Química, CINVESTAV-IPN, Apdo. Postal 14-740, 07000, México D.F., Mexico
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2014, 19(1), 55-66; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules19010055
Submission received: 30 October 2013 / Revised: 16 December 2013 / Accepted: 16 December 2013 / Published: 20 December 2013
(This article belongs to the Section Organic Chemistry)
Browse Figures
Versions Notes

Abstract

:
The pseudo-four component click synthesis of dibenzylated 1,2,3-triazoles derived from aniline is reported. The cycloaddition of sodium azide to N-(prop-2-ynyl)-benzenamine (I) in the presence of equimolar amounts of p-substituted benzyl derivatives, yields a mixture of mono- and dibenzylated 1,2,3-triazoles. When two equivalents of the benzyl derivative are added to the multicomponent reaction, the selective preparation of the dibenzylated compounds is achieved. The reactivity of the aniline N-H bond in monobenzylated 1,2,3-triazoles was tested by treatment with one equivalent of a p-substituted benzyl chloride at 40 °C, rendering the dibenzylated derivatives quantitatively.

Graphical Abstract

1. Introduction

One-pot multicomponent reactions are increasingly important in areas such as organic chemistry and materials science because they offer several advantages over classical linear syntheses [1,2,3]. Multicomponent reactions are highly convergent, offering a notable increase in molecular complexity and topology in a single step [4,5,6,7,8,9]. Another important feature concerns the reduction of waste production as a result of the decrease of synthetic or isolation steps along with time savings [10,11,12,13,14].
Within the most conventional multicomponent processes, those based on the peculiar reactivity of isocyanides, such as the Doemling, Ugi and Passerini reactions are the most studied [15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26]. Since the copper(I) azide-alkyne catalyzed cycloadditon (CuAAC) was reported independently by the groups of Sharpless and Medal in 2002, a tremendous variety of 1,4-disusbtituted 1,2,3-triazoles have been prepared [27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34]. Due to the importance and interest of the 1,2,3-triazole motif in the drugs and pharmaceuticals design, there is continuous quest for the development of a simple and efficient methods for their preparation in one-pot multicomponent processes [35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43].
Most click processes for triazole synthesis are usually based on three component reactions [44,45,46,47,48]. Relatively few reports on four component click reactions have been reported so far [49,50,51,52]. As part of our ongoing program in triazole chemistry, we envisioned the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles as potential steel corrosion inhibitors and/or transition metal ligands. In the present report, we disclose a general approach for the one-pot synthesis of a series of mono-, and dibenzylated 1,2,3-triazoles based on aniline as the parent compound. The modular synthesis described herein allows for the preparation of N-benzylated 1,2,3-triazoles under mild conditions and the functionalization of the N-H bond in the aniline moiety simultaneously through a pseudo-four component click process.

2. Results and Discussion

2.1. Synthesis and Characterization

The initial synthetic step involved the preparation of N-(prop-2-ynyl)benzenamine (I) by deprotonation of aniline with potassium carbonate in acetone at room temperature, followed by the addition of equimolar amounts of propargyl bromide. After work up and purification through column chromatography on silica gel, alkyne I was isolated in 79% yield according to Scheme 1 [53].
Molecules 19 00055 g001 550
Scheme 1. Synthesis of alkyne I.
Scheme 1. Synthesis of alkyne I.
Molecules 19 00055 g001
The click reaction between I and sodium azide was carried out in a 4:1 water/ethanol mixture using Cu(OAc)2 and sodium ascorbate as the reagents to render the Cu(I) active catalyst. After addition of benzyl chloride to the reaction mixture and stirring at room temperature for 18 h we observed the complete consumption of the alkyne. At our first intention, we had targeted the preparation of the N-benzylated 1,2,3-triazole 2a, however, TLC analysis of the reaction mixture showed two main products. After separation by column chromatography using CH2Cl2 and CH2Cl2–MeOH (98:2) as gradient mixtures, the two products were isolated. The 1H-NMR spectra of the second fraction showed two single peaks corresponding to the methylene groups and a triplet signal assigned to the NH bond from the aniline moiety. All the patterns were consistent with the structure of the expected triazole 2a. On the other hand, the spectrum of the first fraction displayed three different methylene moieties and the signal for the NH group no longer appeared. Careful analysis of the 1H and 13C spectra and the M+H [355.1923] ion of 1a in HRMS (ESI-TOF) confirmed the dibenzylated triazole structure of this molecule. Thus, to our delight, the preparation of triazole 1a resulted from a one-pot pseudo-four component click process.
The scope of the method was extended with the use of several p-halobenzylic derivatives yielding the mono- and di-benzylated 1,2,3-triazoles 1b‒e and 2b–e, respectively. Likewise the use of several benzylic derivatives allows for the preparation of 1,2,3-triazoles which feature several halogen substituents. As depicted in Table 1, the reaction proceeds smoothly under mild reaction conditions.
Table
Table 1. Synthesis of mono- and dibenzylated triazoles. Molecules 19 00055 i001Reagents and conditions: Compound I (1.14 mmol), Cu(OAc)2·H2O (5 mol%), 1,10-phenanthroline (5 mol%), sodium ascorbate (1.14 mmol), sodium azide (1.40 mmol), p-substituted benzyl halogenide (1.40 mmol), stirring at room temperature for 18 h in EtOH/H2O (4:1).
Table 1. Synthesis of mono- and dibenzylated triazoles. Molecules 19 00055 i001Reagents and conditions: Compound I (1.14 mmol), Cu(OAc)2·H2O (5 mol%), 1,10-phenanthroline (5 mol%), sodium ascorbate (1.14 mmol), sodium azide (1.40 mmol), p-substituted benzyl halogenide (1.40 mmol), stirring at room temperature for 18 h in EtOH/H2O (4:1).
EntryXYProductYield (%)ProductYield (%)
1ClH1a422a35
2ClF1b402b31
3ClCl1c392c35
4BrBr1d422d29
5BrI1e252e42
Triazoles 1a–f and 2a–f were conveniently characterized by FT-IR, 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, and also by High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. The formation of the 1,2,3-triazoles was apparent by the presence in the 1H-NMR of the characteristic singlet due to the triazolyl protons in the δ = 7.99–8.02 ppm for 1a–e and δ = 7.98–8.01 ppm region for 2a–e, respectively.
For most of the series, the click reaction provides the dibenzylated products in higher yields with the exception of the reaction with 4-iodobenzyl chloride in which the monobenzylated triazole is the major product. This may be related to a deactivating effect on the N-H bond due to the presence of the large iodo atom.
As the dibenzylated products were an interesting example of a pseudo-four component process, we focused next on optimization of their preparation. Considering that the dibenzylated products were favored in the original process, we envisioned that we could facilitate their selective preparation by increasing the equivalents of p-halogenated benzyl derivatives. Thus, the original process was optimized using 2.4 equivalents of the benzylated reactant and 24 h stirring at room temperature. As denoted in Table 2, the reaction proceeds nicely providing dibenzylated products 1a–e in high yields.
Table
Table 2. Synthesis of bis-1,2,3-triazoles 1a–e. Molecules 19 00055 i002Reagents and conditions: Compound II (1.14 mmol), Cu(OAc)2·H2O (5 mol%), 1,10-phenanthroline (5 mol%), sodium ascorbate (1.14 mmol), sodium azide (1.40 mmol), p-substituted benzyl halogenide (2.80 mmol), stirring at room temperature for 24 h in EtOH/H2O (4:1).
Table 2. Synthesis of bis-1,2,3-triazoles 1a–e. Molecules 19 00055 i002Reagents and conditions: Compound II (1.14 mmol), Cu(OAc)2·H2O (5 mol%), 1,10-phenanthroline (5 mol%), sodium ascorbate (1.14 mmol), sodium azide (1.40 mmol), p-substituted benzyl halogenide (2.80 mmol), stirring at room temperature for 24 h in EtOH/H2O (4:1).
EntryXYProductYield (%)
1ClH1a71
2ClF1b76
3ClCl1c80
4BrBr1d79
5BrI1e86
Once we had selectively prepared 1a–e, we targeted the synthesis of dibenzylated compounds containing mixed benzyl moieties. With this aim, the reaction was carried out in the presence of one equivalent of p-iodobenzyl chloride and one equivalent of p-bromobenzyl chloride and stirring for 24 h showing by TLC the presence of four compounds in similar ratios. Analysis by of the 1H and 13C suggested the presence of two mono- and two benzylated compounds, however, due to the complexity of the mixture no separation was possible.
Knowing that the N-benzylated 1,2,3-triazoles contained a N-H bond, we decided to test its reactivity towards benzyl derivatives in order to obtain bifunctionalized species. Monitoring the addition of equimolar amounts of p-iodobenzyl chloride to triazole 2e at room temperature in chloroform, it was observed that after 24 h, only 5% conversion to the desired benzylated aniline was reached. After several trials, we observed that carrying out the reaction at 40 °C and 12 h of stirring resulted in the full consumption of the starting material. After separation by column chromatography on silica gel with CH3Cl as eluent, compound 1e was obtained as a waxy solid in 94% yield (Scheme 2). A second example of the N-H group functionalization of compound 2e, was achieved by treatment with p-fluorobenzyl chloride under similar reaction conditions. Compounds 3 that displays different p-substituted-benzyl moieties, was obtained in 90% yield after work up and purification (Scheme 2).
Molecules 19 00055 g002 550
Scheme 2. Synthesis of dibenzylated triazoles 1e and 3.
Scheme 2. Synthesis of dibenzylated triazoles 1e and 3.
Molecules 19 00055 g002
All the reported 1,2,3-triazoles were obtained as clear solids and their robustness is denoted by their high stability in solution and under aerobic conditions.

3. Experimental

3.1. General Methods

Commercially available reagents and solvents were used as received. N-(prop-2-ynyl)benzenamine (I) was synthesized as reported in the literature [53]. Flash column chromatography was performed on Kieselgel silica gel 60 (230–400 mesh). Melting points were determined on a Fisher-Johns apparatus and are uncorrected. IR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Alpha FT-IR/ATR spectrometer. NMR spectra were obtained with a JEOL ECA-500 (500 MHz) spectrometer. Chemical shifts (δ) are given in ppm downfield from Me4Si as an internal reference; coupling constants are given in Hertz. High-resolution mass spectra (HRMS) were recorded on a JEOL JMS-SX 102a and Agilent-MSD-TOF-1069A spectrometers 41.

3.2. Typical Procedure for the Synthesis of Mono- and Dibenzylated 1,2,3-triazoles from Aniline

3.2.1. Benzyl Chloride

To a 20 mL round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, were charged Cu(OAc)2·H2O (11 mg, 0.057 mmol, 5 mol%), 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate (10 mg, 0.057 mmol, 5 mol%), and sodium L-ascorbate (224 mg, 1.14 mmol). After addition of a EtOH/H2O mixture (4:1 v/v, 7 mL), the resulting suspension was stirred for five minutes at room temperature. Subsequently, I (150 mg, 1.14 mmol), sodium azide (90 mg, 1.40 mmol), and benzyl chloride (0.16 mL, 1.40 mmol) were added to the reaction mixture, which was stirred during 18 h at room temperature. H2O (5 mL) was added to the reaction mixture and the precipitate was filtered off, washed thoroughly with H2O, petroleum ether, and dried under vacuum. The crude mixture containing mono- and dibenzylated products was separated by column chromatography and characterized as follows:
N-Benzyl-N-((1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl-)methyl)benzenamine (1a). Using CH2Cl2 as eluent, the first fraction affords 169 mg (42% Yield) of 1a as a white solid. mp 104–106 °C. 1H-NMR (CDCl3): δ = 4.63 (s, 2H, ArCH2N), 4.64 (s, 2H, ArCH2Ntriazole), 5.55 (s, 2H, NCH2C=C), 6.59 (t, 7.9 Hz, 1H, CHar), 6.77 (d, 7.8 Hz, 2H, CHar), 7.07–7.11 (m, 2H, CHar), 7.19–7.23 (m, 5H, CHar), 7.24–7.28 (m, 2H, CHar), 7.30–7.36 (m, 3H, CHar), 7.99 (s, 1H, CHtriazole). 13C-NMR (CDCl3): δ = 45.9 (ArCH2Ntriazole), 52.6 (ArCH2N), 53.8 (NCH2C=C), 112.5 (CHar), 116.2 (CHar), 123.1 (CHtriazole), 126.5 (CHar), 126.6 (CHar), 127.6 (CHar), 127.9 (CHar), 128.3 (CHar), 128.6 (CHar), 128.8 (CHar), 136.0 (Car), 138.9 (Car), 144.7 (Ctriazole), 147.9 (Car). FT-IR/ATR νmax cm−1: 3116, 3084, 3064, 3027, 2960, 2920, 2885, 1726, 1596, 1527, 1506, 1494, 1450. HRMS (ESI-TOF) calculated for C23H22N4+H+: 355.1923; Found: 355.1908.
N-((1-Benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl-)methyl)benzenamine (2a). Using CH2Cl2-MeOH (99:1) as eluent, the second fraction affords 105 mg (35% Yield) of 2a as a white solid. mp 75–77 °C. 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6): δ = 4.29 (d, 5.4 Hz, 2H, NCH2C=C), 5.57 (s, 2H, ArCH2N), 6.01 (t, 6.1 Hz, 1H, NH), 6.54 (t, 7.7 Hz, 1H, CHar), 6.61 (d, 7.6 Hz, 2H, CHar), 7.05–7.08 (m, 2H, CHar), 7.28–7.36 (m, 5H, CHar), 7.99 (s, 1H, CHtriazole). 13C-NMR (DMSO-d6): δ = 39.1 (ArCH2N), 53.2 (NCH2C=C), 112.8 (CHar), 116.5 (CHar), 123.3 (CHtriazole), 128.3 (CHar), 128.5 (CHar), 129.2 (CHar), 129.3 (CHar), 136.6 (Car), 146.5 (Ctriazole), 148.8 (Car). FT-IR/ATR νmax cm−1: 3401, 3104, 3058, 2950, 2920, 2893, 2848, 1599, 1507, 1493, 1454, 1439. HRMS (ESI-TOF) calculated for C16H16N4+H+: 264.1453; Found: 264.1459.

3.2.2. 4-Fluorobenzyl Chloride

The general procedure was followed using 1.40 mmol 4-fluorobenzyl chloride. The mixture of products was purified by column chromatography and characterized as follows:
N-(4-Fluorobenzyl)-N-((1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl-)methyl)benzenamine (1b). Using CH2Cl2 as eluent, the first fraction affords 178 mg (40% yield) of 1b as a white solid. mp 93–95 °C. 1H-NMR (CDCl3): δ = 4.60 (s, 2H, ArCH2N), 4.63 (s, 2H, ArCH2Ntriazole), 5.54 (s, 2H, NCH2C=C), 6.61 (t, 7.8 Hz, 1H, CHar), 6.76 (d, 7.8 Hz, 2H, CHar), 7.07–7.10 (m, 4H, CHar), 7.15–7.17 (m, 2H, CHar), 7.24–7.27 (m, 2H, CHar), 7.30–7.33 (m, 2H, CHar), 7.99 (s, 1H, CHtriazole). 13C-NMR (CDCl3): δ = 45.8 (ArCH2Ntriazole), 51.8 (ArCH2N), 53.1 (NCH2C=C), 112.6 (CHar), 115.0 (d, 21.3 Hz, CHar-F), 115.4 (d, 21.4 Hz, CHar-F), 116.4 (CHar), 123.0 (CHtriazole), 128.4 (d, 8.8 Hz, CHar-F), 128.8 (CHar), 130.0 (d, 8.8 Hz, CHar-F), 132.2 (d, 2.5 Hz, Car-F), 134.9 (d, 2.5 Hz, Car-F), 144.6 (Ctriazole), 147.8 (Car), 160.4 (d, 241.2 Hz, Car-F), 162.3 (d, 243.6 Hz, Car-F). FT-IR/ATR νmax cm−1: 3108, 3064, 2857, 2927, 2859, 1725, 1594, 1504, 1456, 1442, 1389. HRMS (ESI-TOF) calculated for C23H20F2N4+H+: 391.1734; Found: 391.1720.
N-((1-(4-Fluorobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl-)methyl)benzenamine (2b). Using CH2Cl2:MeOH (99:1) as eluent, the second fraction affords 100 mg (31% yield) of 2b as a white solid. mp 88–90 °C. 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6): δ = 4.27 (d, 5.4 Hz, 2H, NCH2C=C), 5.56 (s, 2H, ArCH2N), 6.01 (t, 6.1 Hz, 1H, NH), 6.54 (t, 7.9 Hz, 1H, CHar), 6.63 (d, 7.8 Hz, 2H, CHar), 7.05–7.08 (m, 2H, CHar), 7.17–7.21 (m, 2H, CHar), 7.35–7.38 (m, 2H, CHar), 8.00 (s, 1H, CHtriazole). 13C-NMR (DMSO-d6): δ = 39.1 (ArCH2N), 52.3 (NCH2C=C), 112.8 (CHar), 115.9 (d, 21.3 Hz, CHar-F), 116.5 (CHar), 123.2 (CHtriazole), 129.3 (CHar), 130.6 (d, 8.8 Hz, CHar-F), 132.9 (d, 3.8 Hz, Car-F), 146.6 (Ctriazole), 148.9 (Car), 162.3 (d, 243 Hz, Car-F). FT-IR/ATR νmax cm−1: 3397, 3105, 3058, 3048, 2952, 2920, 2893, 2846, 1719, 1599, 1506, 1459, 1439. HRMS (ESI-TOF) calculated for C16H15FN4+H+: 283.1359; Found: 283.1364.

3.2.3. 4-Chlorobenzyl Chloride

The general procedure was followed using 1.40 mmol of 4-chlorobenzyl chloride. The mixture of products was purified by column chromatography and characterized as follows:
N-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-N-((1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl-)methyl)benzenamine (1c). Using CH2Cl2 as eluent, the first fraction affords 188 mg (39% yield) of 1c as a white solid. mp 126–128 °C. 1H-NMR (CDCl3): δ = 4.61 (s, 2H, ArCH2N), 4.65 (s, 2H, ArCH2Ntriazole), 5.55 (s, 2H, NCH2C=C), 6.61 (t, 7.7 Hz, 1H, CHar), 6.75 (d, 7.8 Hz, 2H, CHar), 7.09–7.12 (m, 2H, CHar), 7.22–7.25 (m, 4H, CHar), 7.32 (d, 7.8 Hz, 2H, CHar), 7.40 (d, 7.7 Hz, 2H, CHar), 8.02 (s, 1H, CHtriazole). 13C-NMR (CDCl3): δ = 45.9 (ArCH2Ntriazole), 51.8 (ArCH2N), 53.2 (NCH2C=C), 112.6 (CHar), 116.4 (CHar), 123.1 (CHtriazole), 128.2 (CHar), 128.4 (CHar), 128.6 (CHar), 128.8 (CHar), 129.6 (CHar), 131.1 (Car), 132.7 (Car), 135.0 (Car), 138.0 (Car), 144.6 (Ctriazole), 147.7 (Car). FT-IR/ATR νmax cm−1: 3129, 3085, 3064, 3041, 2925, 1758, 1597, 1575, 1505, 1491, 1458, 1435. HRMS (ESI-TOF) calculated for C23H20Cl2N4+H+: 423.1143; Found: 423.1142
N-((1-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl-)methyl)benzenamine (2c). Using CH2Cl2:MeOH (99:1) as eluent, the second fraction affords 119 mg (35% yield) of 2c as a white solid. mp 83–85 °C. 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6): δ = 4.29 (d, 5.4 Hz, 2H, NCH2C=C), 5.57 (s, 2H, ArCH2N), 6.03 (bs, 1H, NH), 6.54 (t, 7.9 Hz, 1H, CHar), 6.64 (d, 7.8 Hz, 2H, CHar), 7.05–7.08 (m, 2H, CHar), 7.31 (d, 7.7 Hz, 2H, CHar), 7.42 (d, 7.8 Hz, 2H, CHar), 8.01 (s, 1H, CHtriazole). 13C-NMR (DMSO-d6): δ = 39.1 (ArCH2N), 52.4 (NCH2C=C), 112.8 (CHar), 116.5 (CHar), 123.4 (CHtriazole), 129.1 (CHar), 129.3 (CHar), 130.2 (CHar), 133.2 (Car), 135.7 (Car), 146.6 (Ctriazole), 148.8 (Car). FT-IR/ATR νmax cm−1: 3427, 3322, 3123, 3066, 3046, 2947, 2917, 2849, 1600, 1509, 1490, 1458, 1427, 1409. HRMS (ESI-TOF) calculated for C16H15ClN4+H+: 299.1019; Found: 299.1063.

3.2.4. 4-Bromobenzyl Chloride

The general procedure was followed using (1.40 mmol) of 4-bromobenzyl chloride. The mixture of products was purified by column chromatography and characterized as follows:
N-(4-Bromobenzyl)-N-((1-(4-bromobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl-)methyl)benzenamine (1d). Using CH2Cl2 as eluent, the first fraction affords 245 mg (42% yield) of 1d as a white solid. mp 131–133 °C. 1H-NMR (CDCl3): δ = 4.59 (s, 2H, ArCH2N), 4.65 (s, 2H, ArCH2Ntriazole), 5.54 (s, 2H, NCH2C=C), 6.61 (t, 7.8 Hz, 1H, CHar), 6.75 (d, 7.8 Hz, 2H, CHar), 7.09–7.12 (m, 2H, CHar), 7.16–7.20 (m, 4H, CHar), 7.46 (d, 7.8 Hz, 2H, CHar), 7.55 (d, 7.7 Hz, 2H, CHar), 8.02 (s, 1H, CHtriazole). 13C-NMR (CDCl3): δ = 46.0 (ArCH2Ntriazole), 51.9 (ArCH2N), 53.3 (NCH2C=C), 112.7 (CHar), 116.4 (CHar), 119.5 (Car), 121.3 (Car), 123.2 (Ctriazole), 128.8 (CHar), 128.9 (CHar), 129.9 (CHar), 131.2 (CHar), 131.6 (CHar), 135.5 (Car), 138.5 (Car), 144.7 (Ctriazole), 147.7 (Car). FT-IR/ATR νmax cm−1: 3139, 3043, 3012, 2977, 2911, 2935, 2800, 1596, 1515, 1499, 1436, 1425. HRMS (ESI-TOF) calculated for C23H20Br2N4+H+: 513.0133; Found: 513.0146.
N-((1-(4-Bromobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl-)methyl)benzenamine (2d). Using CH2Cl2:MeOH (99:1) as eluent, the second fraction affords 113 mg (29% yield) of 2d as a white solid. mp 114–116 °C. 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6): δ = 4.29 (d, 5.4 Hz, 2H, NCH2C=C), 5.56 (s, 2H, ArCH2N), 6.01 (t, 5.4 Hz, 1H, NH), 6.55 (t, 7.8 Hz, 1H, CHar), 6.62 (d, 7.8 Hz, 2H, CHar), 7.05–7.08 (m, 2H, CHar), 7.24 (d, 7.7 Hz, 2H, CHar), 7.56 (d, 7.8 Hz, 2H, CHar), 8.00 (s, 1H, CHtriazole). 13C-NMR (DMSO-d6): δ = 39.0 (ArCH2N), 52.4 (NCH2C=C), 112.8 (CHar), 116.5 (CHar), 121.8 (Car), 123.4 (CHtriazole), 129.3 (CHar), 130.6 (CHar), 132.1 (CHar), 136.1 (Car), 146.6 (Ctriazole), 148.8 (Car). FT-IR/ATR νmax cm−1: 3492, 3398, 3320, 3123, 3045, 2944, 2887, 1600, 1510, 1487, 1460, 1426. HRMS (ESI-TOF) calculated for C16H15BrN4+H+: 344.0460; Found: 344.0465.

3.2.5. 4-Iodobenzyl Bromide

The general procedure was followed using (1.40 mmol) of 4-iodobenzyl bromide. The mixture of products was purified by column chromatography and characterized as follows:
N-(4-Iodobenzyl)-N-((1-(4-iodobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl-)methyl)benzenamine (1e). Using CH2Cl2 as eluent, the first fraction affords 172 mg (25% yield) of 1e as a white solid. mp 138–140 °C. 1H-NMR (CDCl3): δ = 4.57 (s, 2H, ArCH2N), 4.64 (s, 2H, ArCH2Ntriazole), 5.51 (s, 2H, NCH2C=C), 6.61 (t, 7.8 Hz, 1H, CHar), 6.74 (d, 7.8 Hz, 2H, CHar), 7.02–7.04 (m, 2H, CHar), 7.08–7.11 (m, 4H, CHar), 7.63 (d, 7.8 Hz, 2H, CHar), 7.71 (d, 7.7 Hz, 2H, CHar), 8.01 (s, 1H, CHtriazole). 13C-NMR (CDCl3): δ = 45.9 (ArCH2Ntriazole), 52.0 (ArCH2N), 53.4 (NCH2C=C), 92.1 (Car), 94.2 (Car), 112.6 (CHar), 116.4 (CHar), 123.2 (Ctriazole), 128.8 (CHar), 129.0 (CHar), 129.9 (CHar), 135.8 (Car), 137.0 (CHar), 137.4 (CHar), 138.9 (Car), 144.6 (Ctriazole), 147.7 (Car). FT-IR/ATR νmax cm−1: 3130, 3062, 3024, 2955, 2922, 2905, 2855, 1597, 1504, 1482, 1456, 1431. HRMS (ESI-TOF) calculated for C23H20I2N4+H+: 606.9855; Found: 606.9856.
N-((1-(4-Iodobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl-)methyl)benzenamine (2e). Using CH2Cl2:MeOH (99:1) as eluent, the second fraction affords 195 mg (42% yield) of 2e as a white solid. mp 128–130 °C. 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6): δ = 4.27 (d, 5.4 Hz, 2H, NCH2C=C), 5.52 (s, 2H, ArCH2N), 5.99 (t, 5.4 Hz, 1H, NH), 6.54 (t, 7.8 Hz, 1H, CHar), 6.62 (d, 7.8 Hz, 2H, CHar), 7.04–7.07 (m, 2H, CHar), 7.08 (d, 7.7 Hz, 2H, CHar), 7.72 (d, 7.8 Hz, 2H, CHar), 7.98 (s, 1H, CHtriazole). 13C-NMR (DMSO-d6): δ = 38.6 (ArCH2N), 52.4 (NCH2C=C), 94.2 (Car), 112.3 (CHar), 116.0 (CHar), 122.9 (CHtriazole), 128.8 (CHar), 130.1 (CHar), 135.9 (Car), 137.4 (Car), 146.1 (Ctriazole), 148.3 (Car). FT-IR/ATR νmax cm−1: 3452, 3390, 3303, 3121, 3039, 2947, 2854, 1598, 1504, 1483, 1458, 1428. HRMS (ESI-TOF) calculated for C16H15IN4+H+: 391.0375; Found: 391.0420.

3.3. Typical Procedure for the Selective Synthesis of Dibenzylated 1,2,3-triazoles Derived from Aniline

To a 20 mL round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, were charged Cu(OAc)2·H2O (11 mg, 0.057 mmol, 5 mol%), 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate (10 mg, 0.057 mmol, 5 mol%), and sodium L-ascorbate (224 mg, 1.14 mmol). After addition of a mixture of EtOH/H2O (7 mL, 4:1 v/v), the resulting suspension was stirred for five minutes at room temperature. Subsequently, I (150 mg, 1.14 mmol), sodium azide (90 mg, 1.40 mmol), and benzyl chloride (0.32 mL, 2.80 mmol) were added to the reaction mixture, which was stirred during 24 h at room temperature. H2O (5 mL) was added to the reaction mixture and the precipitate was filtered off, washed thoroughly with H2O, petroleum ether, and dried under vacuum. The dibenzylated products 1a–e were purified by column chromatography using CH3Cl as eluent.

3.4. Reaction of N-((1-(4-Iodobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl-)methyl)benzenamine (2e) with p-Halogenated Benzyl Chlorides

N-(4-Fluorobenzyl)-N-((1-(4-iodobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-Triazol-4-yl-)methyl)benzenamine (3). In a 20 mL round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, p-fluorobenzyl chloride (33 μL, 0.281 mmol) was added to a solution of 2e (100 mg, 0.256 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (10 mL) and the reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 12 h at 40 °C. The mixture was dried under vacuum and the residue was purified by column chromatography using CH3Cl as eluent to give 114 mg (90% yield) of the title product as a waxy solid; mp 86–88 °C. 1H-NMR (CDCl3): δ = 4.56 (s, 2H, ArCH2N), 4.68 (s, 2H, ArCH2Ntriazole), 5.41 (s, 2H, NCH2C=C), 6.76 (t, 7.8 Hz, 1H, CHar), 6.78 (d, 7.8 Hz, 2H, CHar), 6.95 (d, 7.8 Hz, 2H, CHar), 6.99 (d, 7.7 Hz, 2H, CHar), 7.19–7.21 (m, 4H, CHar), 7.27 (s, 1H, CHtriazole), 7.71 (d, 7.7 Hz, 2H, CHar). 13C-NMR (CDCl3): δ = 46.6 (ArCH2Ntriazole), 53.5 (ArCH2N), 54.0 (NCH2C=C), 94.5 (Car), 113.2 (CHar), 115.4 (d, 20.1 Hz, CHar-F), 117.6 (CHar), 121.6 (CHtriazole), 128.4 (d, 8.8 Hz, CHar-F), 129.3 (CHar), 129.6 (CHar), 134.0 (d, 2.6 Hz, Car-F), 134.3 (Car), 138.2 (CHar), 146.1 (Ctriazole), 148.3 (Car), 161.9 (d, 263 Hz, Car-F). FT-IR/ATR νmax cm−1: 3119, 3075, 3037, 3023, 2979, 2917, 1729, 1594, 1503, 1484, 1458, 1440. HRMS (ESI-TOF) calculated for C23H20IFN4+H+: 499.0717; Found: 499.0788.
N-(4-Iodoobenzyl)-N-((1-(4-iodobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-Triazol-4-yl-)methyl)benzenamine (1e). The above procedure was followed using 4-iodobenzyl chloride (0.281 mmol). The title product (146 mg, 94% yield) was obtained as a waxy solid after purification by column chromatography using CH3Cl as eluent.

4. Conclusions

In conclusion, we have reported a one-pot methodology for the synthesis of a series of mono-, and dibenzylated 1,2,3-triazoles utilizing “click” chemistry. The selective preparation of dibenzylated triazoles 1a–e was achieved by addition of excess of p-halogenated benzyl derivatives in a pseudo-four component click process. Particularly appealing is the reactivity of the available N-H bond in the N-benzylated triazoles 2a–e which may be tunable with a variety of functional groups. The possible applications of the synthetized 1,2,3-triazoles are the topic of current investigation in our laboratory.

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, CONACyT (project 181448). DME also acknowledges “Beca de Retencion” (application 192049) sponsored by CONACyT and UAM-Azcapotzalco. DME, GNS, LLR and RS wish to acknowledge the SNI for the distinction and the stipend received.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

  1. Armstrong, R.W.; Combs, A.P.; Tempest, T.A.; Brown, S.D.; Keating, T.A. Multiple-component condensation strategies for combinatorial library synthesis. Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 123–131. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  2. Dax, S.L.; McNally, J.J.; Youngman, M.A. Multi-component methodologies in solid phase organic synthesis. Curr. Med. Chem. 1999, 6, 255–270. [Google Scholar]
  3. Hulme, C.; Gore, V. Multi-component reactions: Emerging chemistry in drug discovery. Curr. Med. Chem. 2003, 10, 51–80. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  4. Zhang, M.; Fang, X.; Neumann, H.; Beller, M. General and regioselective synthesis of pirroles via Ruthenium catalized multicomponent reactions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 11384–11388. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  5. Zhu, J.; Bienaymé, H. Multicomponent Reactions; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, Germany, 2005. [Google Scholar]
  6. Guillena, G.; Ramón, D.J.; Yus, M. Organocatalytic enantioselective multicomponent reactions (OEMCRs). Tetrahedron-Assymetr. 2007, 18, 693–700. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  7. Brauch, S.; van Berkel, S.S.; Westermann, B. High-order multicomponent reactions: Beyond four reactants. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2013, 42, 4948–4962. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  8. Liu, Y.-P.; Liu, J.-M.; Wang, X.; Cheng, T.M.; Li, R.T. Multicomponent reactions leading to symmetric and assymetric multi-substituted 1,4-dihydropyridines on montmorillonite. Tetrahedron 2013, 69, 5242–5247. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  9. Bienaymé, H.; Hulme, C.; Oddon, G.; Schmitt, P. Maximizing synthetic efficiency: Multi-component transformations lead the way. Chem. Eur. J. 2000, 6, 3321–3329. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  10. Lalli, C.; Bouma, J.M.; Bonne, D.; Masson, J.; Zhu, J. Exploiting the divergent reactivity of α-isocyanoacetate: Multicomponent synthesis of 5-alkoxyolxazoles and related heterocycles. Chem. Eur. J. 2011, 17, 880–889. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  11. Li, M.; Lv, X.-L.; Wen, L.-R.; Hu, Z.-Q. Direct solvent-free regioselective construction of pyrrolo[1,2-α][1,10]phenanthrolines based on isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions. Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 1262–1265. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  12. Gu, Y. Multicomponent reactions in unconventional solvents: State of art. Green Chem. 2012, 14, 2091–2128. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  13. Rajesh, S.P.; Perumal, S.; Menendez, J.C.; Pandian, S.; Murugesan, R. Facile ionic liquid-mediated, three component sequential reactions for the green, region- and diastereoselective synthesis of furocoumarins. Tetrahedron 2012, 68, 5631–5636. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  14. Singh, M.S.; Chowdhury, S. Recent developments in solvent-free multicomponent reactions: A perfect synergy for eco-compatible organic synthesis. RSC Adv. 2012, 2, 4547–4592. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  15. Vlaar, T.; Maes, B.U.W.; Ruijter, E.; Orru, R.V.A. Palladium-catalyzed migratory insertion of isocyanides: An emerging platform in cross coupling reactions. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 7084–7097. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  16. Maghari, S.; Ramezanpour, S.; Balalaie, S.; Darvish, F.; Rominger, F.; Bijanzadeh, H.R. Synthesis of functionalized pseudopeptides through five-component sequential Ugi/Nucleophilic Reaction of N-substituted 2-alkylamides with hydrazides. J. Org. Chem. 2013, 78, 6450–6456. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  17. Castellano, T.; Neo, A.G.; Marcaccini, S.; Marcos, C.F. Enols as feasible acid components in the Ugi condensation. Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 6218–6221. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  18. Doemling, A.; Ugi, I. Multicomponent reactions with isocyanides. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 3168–3210. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  19. La Spisa, F.; Feo, A.; Mossetti, R.; Tron, G.C. An efficient synthesis of symmetric and unsymmetric Bis-(β-aminoamides) via Ugi multicomponent reaction. Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 6044–6047. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  20. Su, Y.; Bouma, M.J.; Alcaraz, L.; Stocks, M.; Furber, M.; Masson, G.; Zhu, J. Organocatalytic enantioselective One-pot four-component Ugi-type multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of epoxy-tetrahydropyrrolo [3,4-β]pyridine-5-ones. Chem. Eur. J. 2012, 18, 12624–12627. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  21. Hashimoto, T.; Kimura, H.; Kayamata, Y.; Marouka, K. A catalytic assymetric Ugi-type reaction with acyclic azomethine imines. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 7279–7281. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  22. Banfi, L.; Riva, R. The Passerini reaction. Org. React. 2005, 65, 1–140. [Google Scholar]
  23. Sehlinger, A.; Kreye, O.; Meier, M.A.R. Tunable polymers obtained from Passerini multicomponent reaction derived acrylate monomers. Macromolecules 2013, 46, 6031–6037. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  24. Kaicharla, T.; Yetra, S.R.; Roy, T.; Biju, A.T. Engaging insatins in solvent-free, sterically congested Passerini reaction. Green Chem. 2013, 15, 1608–1614. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  25. Alcaide, B.; Alemendros, P.; Arrangoncillo, C.; Callejo, R.; Ruiz, M.P.; Torres, M.P. Regio- and diastereoselective synthesis of β-lactam-triazole hybrids via Passerini/CuAAC sequence. J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 6917–6928. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  26. Jee, J.-A.; Spagnoulo, L.A.; Rudick, J.G. Convergent synthesis of dendrimers via the Passerini Three-component reaction. Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 3292–3295. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  27. Rostovstev, V.V.; Green, L.G.; Fokin, V.V.; Sharpless, K.B. A stepwise Huisgen cycloaddition process: Copper(I) catalyzed regioselective ligation of azides and terminal alkynes. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 2596–2599. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  28. Tornoe, C.; Christensen, C.; Medal, M. Peptidotriazoles on solid phase: [1,2,3]-triazoles by regiospecific copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of terminal alkynes to azides. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 3057–3064. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  29. Agalave, S.G.; Maujan, S.R.; Pore, V.S. Click chemistry: 1,2,3-Triazoles as pharmacophores. Chem. Asian J. 2011, 6, 2696–2718. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  30. Liu, J.-F; Sang, C.-Y.; Xu, X.-H; Zhang, L.-L.; Yang, X.; Hui, L.; Zhang, J.-B.; Chen, S.-W. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of human cancer cells of carbamate derivatives of 4-b-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl) podophylloxotin. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2013, 64, 621–628. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  31. Li, J.; Kaoud, T.S.; LeVieux, J.; Gilbreath, B.; Swapna, M.; Dalby, K.N.; Kerwin, S.M. A Fluorescence-Based assay for p38α recruitment site binders: Identification of rooperol as novel p38α kinase inhibitor. ChemBioChem 2013, 14, 66–71. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  32. Binder, W.H.; Kluger, C. Azide/Alkyne-click reactions: Applications in material science and organic synthesis. Curr. Org. Chem. 2006, 10, 1791–1815. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  33. Dickschat, A.T.; Behrends, F.; Bühner, M.; Ren, J.; Weiß, M.; Eckert, H.; Studer, A. Preparation of bifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticles by orthogonal click reactions and their application in cooperative catalysis. Chem. Eur. J. 2012, 18, 16689–16697. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
  34. Abdulkin, P.; Moglie, Y.; Knappet, B.R.; Jefferson, D.A.; Yus, M.; Alonso, F.; Wheatley, A.E.H. New routes to Cu(I)/Cu nanocatalysts for the multicomponent synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles. Nanoscale 2013, 5, 342–350. [Google Scholar]
  35. Moorhouse, A.D.; Santos, A.M.; Gunaratman, M.; Moore, M.; Neidle, S.; Moses, J.E. Stabilization of G-quadruplex DNA by highly selective ligands via click chemistry. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 15972–15973. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  36. Lee, L.V.; Mitchell, M.L.; Huang, S.-J.; Fokin, V.V.; Sharpless, K.B. A potent and highly selective inhibitor of human α-1,3-Fucosyltransferase via click chemistry. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 9588–9589. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  37. Wu, P.; Feldman, A.K.; Nugent, A.K.; Hawker, C.J.; Scheel, A.; Voit, B.; Pyun, J.; Frechet, J.M.J.; Sharpless, K.B.; Fokin, V.V. Efficiency and fidelity in a click chemistry route to triazole dendrimers by the copper(I)-catalyzed ligation of azides and alkynes. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43, 3928–3932. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  38. Wu, P.; Malkoch, M.; Hunt, J.N.; Vestberg, R.; Kaltgrad, E.; Finn, M.G.; Fokin, V.V.; Sharpless, K.B.; Hawker, C.J. Multivalent, bifunctional dendrimers prepared by click chemistry. Chem. Commun. 2005, 5775–5777. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  39. Rozkiewickz, D.I.; Janczewski, D.; Verboom, W.; Ravoo, B.J.; Reinhoudt, D.N. Click chemistry by microcontact printing. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 5292–5296. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  40. Speers, A.E.; Adam, G.C.; Cravatt, B.F. Activity-based protein profiling in vivo using a copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne [3+2] cycloaddition. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 4686–4687. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  41. Speers, A.E.; Cravatt, B.F. Profiling enzyme activities in vivo using click chemistry methods. Chem. Biol. 2004, 11, 535–546. [Google Scholar]
  42. Burley, G.A.; Gierlich, J.; Mofid, M.R.; Nir, H.; Tal, S.; Eichen, Y.; Carell, T. Directed DNA metallization. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 1398–1399. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  43. Wang, Q.; Chan, T.R.; Hilgraf, R.; Fokin, V.V.; Sharpless, K.B.; Finn, M.G. Biconjugation by Copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne [3+2] cycloaddition. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 3192–3193. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  44. Megia-Fernandez, A.; Ortega-Munos, M.; Hernadez-Mateo, F.; Santoyo-Gonzalez, F. One-pot three-component click reaction of cyclic sulphates and cyclic sulphamides. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2012, 354, 1797–1803. [Google Scholar]
  45. Wang, W.; Wu, J.; Xia, C.; Li, F. Reusable ammonium salt-tagged-NHC-Cu(I) complexes: Preparation and application in the three component reaction. Green Chem. 2011, 13, 3440–3445. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  46. Alonso, F.; Moglie, Y.; Radivoy, G.; Yus, M. Multicomponent click synthesis of potentially biologically active triazoles catalyzed by copper nanoparticles on activated carbon in water. Heterocycles 2012, 84, 1033–1044. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  47. Shargi, H.; Beyzavi, M.S.; Safavi, A.; Doroodman, M.; Mohammad, M.; Khalifeh, R. Immobilization of porphyniratocopper nanoparticles onto activated multi-walled carbon nanotubes and a study of its catalytic activity as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for a click approach to the three-component synthesis of triazoles in water. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2009, 351, 2391–2410. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  48. Kumar, D.; Reddy, V.B.; Varma, R.J. A facile and regioselective synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles using click chemistry. Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 2065–2068. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  49. Quan, Z.-J.; Quion, X.; Zhang, Z.; Da, Y.-X.; Wang, X.-C. Copper-catalyzed click synthesis of functionalized 1,2,3-triazoles with 3,4-dihydropyrimidinone or amide group via a one-pot four-component reaction. Tetrahedron 2013, 69, 881–887. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  50. Bahulayan, D.; Arun, S. An easy two step synthesis of macrocyclic peptidotriazoles via a four-component reaction and catalyzed intramolecular alkyne-azide [3+2] click cycloaddition. Tetrahedron Lett. 2012, 53, 2850–2855. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  51. Dabiri, M.; Salehi, P.; Bahramnejad, M.; Sherafat, F. Synthesis of diheterocyclic compounds based on triazolyl methoxy Phenylquinazolines via a one-pot four-component-click reaction. J. Comb. Chem. 2010, 12, 638–642. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  52. Yadav, J.S.; Subba Reddy, B.V.; Madhusudhan Reddy, G.; Rehana Anjum, S. Cu(OTf)2/Cu-catalyzed four-component reaction: A facile synthesis of α-alkoxytriazoles via click chemistry. Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 6029–6031. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  53. Cantet, A.-C.; Carreyre, H.; Gesson, J.P.; Jouannetaud, M.-P.; Renoux, B. gem-difluorination of aminoalkynes via highly reactive dicationic species in super acid HF-SbF5: Application to the efficient synthesis of difluorinated chinchona alkaloid derivatives. J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 2875–2878. [Google Scholar]
  • Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds are available from the authors.

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Mendoza-Espinosa, D.; Negron-Silva, G.E.; Lomas-Romero, L.; Gutierrez-Carrillo, A.; Santillán, R. Pseudo-Four Component Synthesis of Mono- and Di-Benzylated-1,2,3-Triazoles Derived from Aniline. Molecules 2014, 19, 55-66. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules19010055

AMA Style

Mendoza-Espinosa D, Negron-Silva GE, Lomas-Romero L, Gutierrez-Carrillo A, Santillán R. Pseudo-Four Component Synthesis of Mono- and Di-Benzylated-1,2,3-Triazoles Derived from Aniline. Molecules. 2014; 19(1):55-66. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules19010055

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mendoza-Espinosa, Daniel, Guillermo E. Negron-Silva, Leticia Lomas-Romero, Atilano Gutierrez-Carrillo, and Rosa Santillán. 2014. "Pseudo-Four Component Synthesis of Mono- and Di-Benzylated-1,2,3-Triazoles Derived from Aniline" Molecules 19, no. 1: 55-66. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules19010055

APA Style

Mendoza-Espinosa, D., Negron-Silva, G. E., Lomas-Romero, L., Gutierrez-Carrillo, A., & Santillán, R. (2014). Pseudo-Four Component Synthesis of Mono- and Di-Benzylated-1,2,3-Triazoles Derived from Aniline. Molecules, 19(1), 55-66. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules19010055

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop