18α-Glycyrrhetinic Acid Induces Apoptosis of HL-60 Human Leukemia Cells through Caspases- and Mitochondria-Dependent Signaling Pathways
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. 18α-GA-Induced Cytotoxic Effects on Human Leukemia HL-60 Cells
2.2. 18α-GA Induced Nuclear Condensation, DNA Damage and Fragmentation in HL-60 Cells
2.3. 18α-GA Decreased the Levels of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (ΔΨm) and Increased the Activities of Caspase-8, -9 and -3 in HL-60 Cells
2.4. 18α-GA Altered Apoptosis Associated Protein Expression in HL-60 Cells
2.5. 18α-GA Altered the Translocation of Apoptotic Associated Proteins in HL-60 Cells
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Chemicals and Reagents
4.2. Cell Culture
4.3. Cell Proliferation Examination
4.4. Nuclear Staining with DAPI
4.5. Comet Assay
4.6. DNA Gel Electrophoresis
4.7. Measurement of the Levels of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (ΔΨm)
4.8. Measurements of Caspase-3, Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 Activities
4.9. Western Blotting Analysis
4.10. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Assay
4.11. Statistical Analysis
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Huang, Y.-C.; Kuo, C.-L.; Lu, K.-W.; Lin, J.-J.; Yang, J.-L.; Wu, R.S.-C.; Wu, P.-P.; Chung, J.-G. 18α-Glycyrrhetinic Acid Induces Apoptosis of HL-60 Human Leukemia Cells through Caspases- and Mitochondria-Dependent Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2016, 21, 872. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21070872
Huang Y-C, Kuo C-L, Lu K-W, Lin J-J, Yang J-L, Wu RS-C, Wu P-P, Chung J-G. 18α-Glycyrrhetinic Acid Induces Apoptosis of HL-60 Human Leukemia Cells through Caspases- and Mitochondria-Dependent Signaling Pathways. Molecules. 2016; 21(7):872. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21070872
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuang, Yi-Chang, Chao-Lin Kuo, Kung-Wen Lu, Jen-Jyh Lin, Jiun-Long Yang, Rick Sai-Chuen Wu, Ping-Ping Wu, and Jing-Gung Chung. 2016. "18α-Glycyrrhetinic Acid Induces Apoptosis of HL-60 Human Leukemia Cells through Caspases- and Mitochondria-Dependent Signaling Pathways" Molecules 21, no. 7: 872. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21070872