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Article

A One-Pot Biginelli Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Dihydropyrimidinone Derivatives Containing Piperazine/Morpholine Moiety

by
Mashooq Ahmad Bhat
1,*,
Mohamed A. Al-Omar
1,
Hazem A. Ghabbour
1,2 and
Ahmed M. Naglah
3,4
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
3
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Exploration and Development Chair (DEDC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
4
Peptide Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2018, 23(7), 1559; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23071559
Submission received: 30 May 2018 / Revised: 20 June 2018 / Accepted: 21 June 2018 / Published: 27 June 2018
Browse Figures
Versions Notes

Abstract

:
Enaminones, 4-methyl-1-[4-(piperazin/morpholin-1-yl) phenyl] pent-2-en-1-one (IIa–b) were synthesized by refluxing 1-[4-(piperazin/morpholin-1-yl) phenyl] ethan-1-one (Ia–b) with dimethylformamide dimethylacetal (DMF–DMA) without any solvent. The three dimensional structure of enaminone (IIb) containing morpholine moiety was confirmed by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Finally, the dihydropyrimidinone derivatives (1–20) were obtained by reacting enaminones (IIa–b) with urea and different substituted benzaldehydes in the presence of glacial acetic acid. Dihydropyrimidinone derivatives containing piperazine/morpholine moiety were synthesized in a good yield by means of simple and efficient method.

Graphical Abstract

1. Introduction

Pyrimidines scaffold have played a significant role in the area of medicinal chemistry [1]. Pyrimidines are important moieties because of their potential biological activities such as antitumor, antiviral, and antibacterial agents [2,3]. Dihydropyridines are the most potent calcium channel modulators available for the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases [4]. Dihydropyrimidines, also known as Biginelli’s compounds, display various pharmacological activities [5]. Dihydropyrimidinone compounds were first synthesized by Pietro Biginelli. The process comprised of reacting numerous aldehydes with urea and a beta-keto ester to give a tetrahydropyrimidinone. Substituted dihydropyrimidinone compounds show interesting biological properties. Some of the analogs of dihydropyrimidine compounds are antitumor agents [6]. Dihydropyrimidinones have emerged as calcium channel blockers and antihypertensive agents [7]. These compounds exhibit a broad range of pharmacological activities, such as antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory [8].
Piperazine moiety contains two nitrogen atoms at two opposite positions of a six-membered heterocyclic ring. Polar nitrogen atoms increase the favorable interactions of piperazine with macromolecules. It has the ability to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) due to its lipophilic nature, and is useful in various diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, psychosis, and depression. Many potent marketed drugs like fluphenazine, cinnarizine, flunarizine, lomerizine, ciprofloxacin, indinavir, etc., have a piperazine moiety (Figure 1). Piperazine derivatives have shown significant pharmacological activities, such as anti-tuberculosis, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, as Central Nervous System (CNS) agents, anticancer, as cardioprotective agents, and antidiabetic [9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28].
Morpholine is an organic moiety containing nitrogen and oxygen in a heterocyclic six-membered ring, and is considered as an important building block in the field of medicinal chemistry. The linezolid antibiotic having a morpholine moiety is commercially available as antimicrobial agent. Timolol, moclobemide, emorfazone (anti-inflammatory drug and analgesic), phenadoxone (heptalgin, opioid analgesic), antidepressants reboxetine and gefitinib, fenpropimorph (fungicide) and antibacterial drugs finafloxacin and levofloxacin contain a morpholine moiety (Figure 2). Morpholine derivatives are very much essential in the drug discovery process. Morpholine scaffolds are important, due to their variety of pharmacological activities [29,30,31,32,33,34,35].
The literature review suggested that molecules possessing these important scaffolds (piperazine/morpholine and dihydropyrimidinone) may have significant therapeutic activity. In the present disclosure, a series of novel piperazine/morpholine dihydropyrimidinone hybrids were prepared and analyzed by spectral data.

2. Results and Discussion

As shown in (Scheme 1), enaminones, 4-methyl-1-[4-(piperazin/morpholin-1-yl) phenyl] pent-2-en-1-one (IIa–b) were synthesized by refluxing 1-[4-(piperazin/morpholin-1-yl) phenyl] ethan-1-one (Ia–b) with dimethylformamide dimethylacetal (DMF–DMA), without solvent for 10 h. To prepare the final dihydropyrimidinone derivatives, a mixture of substituted benzaldehyde (0.01 mol) III, enaminones (IIa/IIb) (0.01 mol), urea (0.01 mol) IV, and glacial acetic acid (10 mL) was heated on a heating mantle under refluxing condition for 3 h. The precipitates of compounds (1–20) were collected by vacuum filtration. The product was washed several times with water, and recrystallized from glacial acetic acid and ethanol mixture. 1H NMR spectrum of (IIa) displayed two singlets at δH 2.89, 3.12 ppm due to the N,N-dimethyl protons and two doublets at δH 5.80–5.82 and 7.63–7.65 ppm (d, J = 14 Hz) due to the ethylenic protons, in addition to the two doublets at the region δH 7.0 ppm (2H, d, aromatic) and δH 7.82 ppm (2H, d, aromatic). The protons of piperazine moiety appears at δH 3.40 (4H, singlet) and 3.52 (4H, singlet). 1H NMR spectrum of (IIb) displayed two singlets at δH 2.90, 3.12 ppm due to the N,N-dimethyl protons and two doublets at δH 5.80–5.82 and 7.63–7.65 ppm (d, J = 14 Hz) due to the ethylenic protons, in addition to the two doublets at the region δH 6.94 ppm (2H, d, aromatic) and δH 7.82 ppm (2H, d, aromatic). The protons of morpholine moiety appears at δH 3.21 (4H, singlet) and 3.74 (4H, singlet). The three-dimensional structure of enaminone (IIb) was confirmed by single crystal X-ray. The coupling constant (J = 14 Hz) for the ethylenic protons indicated that the enaminones existed in the E-configuration. Single crystal X-ray crystallography also confirmed the E-configuration of the enaminone [36].
Compounds (1–20) presented the D2O exchangeable broad singlet at δH 6.71–8.52 ppm and δH 9.00–9.42 ppm corresponding to the two NH protons. The eight protons (4×CH2) of piperazine moiety were observed as singlet of four protons at δH 2.00–2.09, and another singlet of four protons at δH 3.20–3.41 ppm. The eight protons of morpholine moiety were observed as triplets at δH 3.20–3.22 ppm with coupling constant (J = 4.7 Hz) for four protons and another triplet at δH 3.72–3.82 with coupling constant (J = 4.6 Hz) for four protons. The H-4 and =CH protons of dihydropyrimidinone moiety were observed at δH 5.32–6.08 and 7.79–8.24 ppm, respectively [37,38,39]. 13C NMR spectra confirmed the presence of all carbon atoms of compounds (1–20).
Mass spectral data confirmed the molecular weight of compounds. All the compounds presented molecular ion peak respective to their molecular weights. The experimental part contains the detailed spectral results of 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectra, and mass spectra. The information regarding the crystallographic data and refinement of the compound (IIb), C15H20N2O2 are summarized in Table 1. The selected bond angles and bond lengths are listed in Table 2. Two independent molecules were found in the asymmetric unit as shown in Figure 3. All the bond lengths and angles were in normal ranges as reported [40]. The molecules were linked via two intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the crystal packing (Figure 4, Table 3).
The mechanism involves the acid-catalyzed formation of iminium ion intermediate from the substituted benzaldehydes and urea. Reaction of iminium ion by enaminone of piperzine/morpholine produces ureidenone, which cyclizes to form hexahydropyrimidine. Elimination of N(CH3)2 group from hexahydropyrimidine in presence of glacial acetic acid produces final dihydropyrimidinone derivatives containing piperazine/morpholine moiety (Scheme 2).

3. Material and Methods

3.1. Chemistry

All the solvents were purchased from Merck (Kenilworth, NJ, USA). To check the purity of compounds, thin layer chromatography (TLC), was performed on silica gel 60 F254 coated plates (Merck). For performing FTIR, Perkin Elmer (Waltham, MA, USA) FT-IR spectrophotometer was used. Melting points were measured by Gallenkamp melting point apparatus. 1H and 13C NMR were recorded in Bruker (Billerica, MA, USA) NMR 500/700 MHz and 125/176 MHz spectrophotometer. The samples were run in DMSO-d6 with tetramethyl silane (TMS) as an internal standard. Molecular weights of compounds were determined in mass spectroscopy. The elemental analysis of compounds was performed by CHN Elementar (Analysensysteme GmbH, Langenselbold, Germany). The compound (IIb) was obtained as single crystal by reported method. Data were collected on a Bruker APEX-II D8 Venture area diffractometer. SHELXT was used to solve structure [41,42]. CCDC 1532829 contains the supplementary crystallographic data for the compound (IIb). These data can be obtained free of charge via http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/conts/retrieving.html (or from the CCDC, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 1EZ, UK; Fax: +44 1223 336033; E-mail: [email protected]).

3.2. Synthesis of 3-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-(piperazin-1-yl) phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (IIa)

A mixture of 1-[4-(piperazin-1-yl) phenyl]ethan-1-one (I) (0.02 mol) and dimethylformamide dimethylacetal (DMF–DMA) (II) (0.023 mol) was refluxed for 10 h without solvent, then, the reaction mixture was left to cool slowly at room temperature. Diethyl ether was added to reaction mixture. The precipitate was obtained and filtration was performed under vacuum. The product was washed with cold diethyl ether. The product so obtained was recrystallized from absolute ethanol. Yield: 92%; m.p.: 105–107 °C; IR (KBr): νmax/cm−1: 1658 (C=O), 1541 (C=C), 1115 (C–O); 1H NMR (700 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm: 8.10 (1H, s, NH), 7.82 (2H, d, J = 14 Hz, Ar–H), 7.63–7.65 (1H, d, J = 14 Hz, =CH), 7.0 (2H, d, J = 7 Hz, Ar–H) 5.80–5.82 (1H, d, J = 14 Hz, =CH), 3.52 (4H, s, piperazine), 3.40 (4H, s, piperazine), 3.12 (3H, s, N–CH3), 2.89 (3H, s, N–CH3); 13C NMR (176.0 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 26.2, 44.6, 46.8, 48.0, 91.0, 114.1, 127.5, 129.2, 130.5, 153.7, 154.0, 161.4, 185.1, 196.1; MS: m/z = 259.16 [M]+; Analysis: for C15H21N3O, calcd. C 69.47, H 8.16, N 16.20%; found C 69.20, H 8.14, N 16.14%.

3.3. Synthesis of 3-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (IIb)

Yield: 90%; m.p.: 210–212 °C; IR (KBr): νmax/cm−1: 1640 (C=O), 1540 (C=C), 1111 (C–O); 1H NMR (700 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm: 7.82 (2H, d, J = 7 Hz, Ar–H), 7.63–7.65 (1H, d, J = 14 Hz, =CH), 6.94 (2H, d, J = 7 Hz, Ar–H) 5.80–5.82 (1H, d, J = 14 Hz, =CH), 3.74 (4H, s, morpholine), 3.21 (4H, s, morpholine), 3.12 (3H, s, N–CH3), 2.90 (3H, s, N–CH3); 13C NMR (176.0 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 26.6, 47.2, 47.8, 66.42, 91.1, 113.7, 130.5, 130.7, 153.7, 185.1, 196.1; MS: m/z = 260.1 [M]+; Analysis: for C15H20N2O2, calcd. C 69.20, H 7.74, N 10.76%; found C 69.22, H 7.72, N 10.70%.

3.4. General Synthesis of 4-(substituted phenyl)-5-[4-(piperazin/morpholin-1-yl)benzoyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (1–20)

A mixture of enaminones, (2E)-4-methyl-1-[4-(piperazin/morpholin-1-yl) phenyl] pent-2-en-1-one (0.01 mol), differently substituted benzaldehydes (0.01 mol), urea (0.01 mol), and glacial acetic acid (10 mL) were refluxed for 3 h on a heating mantle. The reaction mixture was precipitated by pouring into the cold water. The products were obtained by vacuum filtration. The final products were recrystallized from glacial acetic acid and ethanol.
4-Phenyl-5-[4-(piperazin-1-yl)benzoyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (1): Yield: 75%; m.p.: 150–152 °C; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 9.41 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 8.50 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 8.0 (1H, s, =CH), 6.90–7.80 (9H, m, Ar–H), 6.0 (1H, s, H-4), 3.40 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 3.31 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 2.06 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 2.0 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 1.80 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch); 13C NMR (125.76 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 44.6 (CH2), 47.0 (CH2), 48.0 (CH), 50.10 (CH2), 65.5 (CH2), 111.5, 113.0, 114.0, 114.2, 124.4, 130.5, 134.1, 138.7, 148.0, 149.0, 151.0, 161.1, 168.0, 190.40 (C=O), 207.0 (C=O) MS: m/z = 362.42 [M]+; Analysis: for C21H22N4O2, calcd. C 69.59, H 6.12, N 15.46%; found C 69.32, H 6.10, N 15.40%.
4-(2-Nitrophenyl)-5-[4-(piperazin-1-yl)benzoyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (2): Yield: 70%; m.p.: 170–172 °C; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 9.40 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 8.52 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 8.04 (1H, s, =CH), 6.89–7.88 (8H, m, Ar–H), 6.07 (1H, s, H-4), 3.41 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 3.32 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 2.06 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 2.0 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 1.79 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch); 13C NMR (125.76 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 44.7 (CH2), 47.2 (CH2), 48.4 (CH), 50.11 (CH2), 65.4 (CH2), 111.7, 113.6, 114.1, 114.5, 124.4, 130.5, 134.1, 138.7, 148.3, 149.1, 151.2, 161.5, 168.9, 190.40 (C=O), 207.0 (C=O); MS: m/z = 407.40 [M]+; Analysis: for C21H21N5O4, calcd. C 61.91, H 5.20, N 17.19%; found C 62.15, H 5.22, N 17.12%.
4-(4-Nitrophenyl)-5-[4-(piperazin-1-yl)benzoyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (3): Yield: 75%; m.p.: 175–177 °C; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 9.41 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 8.28 (1H, s, =CH), 6.93–7.58 (8H, m, Ar–H), 7.93 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 5.55 (1H, s, H-4), 3.30 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 3.23 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 2.07 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 2.0 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 1.85 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch); 13C NMR (125.76 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 44.7 (CH2), 45.5 (CH2), 47.5 (CH), 48.0 (CH2), 53.9 (CH2), 118.8, 114.1, 124.3, 128.3, 130.6, 147.2, 151.6, 153.1, 161.3, 168.8, 190.4 (C=O), 207.0 (C=O); MS: m/z = 407.42 [M]+; Analysis: for C21H21N5O4, calcd. C 61.91, H 5.20, N 17.19%; found C 62.10, H 5.23, N 17.13%.
4-(3-Nitrophenyl)-5-[4-(piperazin-1-yl)benzoyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (4): Yield: 75%; m.p.: 180–182 °C; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 9.42 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 8.23 (1H, s, =CH), 6.93–7.65 (8H, m, Ar–H), 7.95 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 5.58 (1H, s, H-4), 3.31 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 3.23 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 2.07 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 2.01 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 1.87 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch); 13C NMR (125.76 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 44.7 (CH2), 47.2 (CH2), 48.0 (CH), 53.8 (CH2), 65.4 (CH2), 111.8, 114.1, 121.6, 122.9, 128.3, 130.3, 131.3, 133.7, 146.7, 148.2, 151.6, 161.3, 168.8, 190.5 (C=O), 207.0 (C=O); MS: m/z = 407.42 [M]+; Analysis: for C21H21N5O4, calcd. C 61.91, H 5.20, N 17.19%; found C 60.67, H 5.22, N 17.10%.
4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-[4-(piperazin-1-yl)benzoyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (5): Yield: 75%; m.p.: 160–162 °C; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 9.32 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 8.50 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 8.23 (1H, s, =CH), 6.95–8.11 (8H, m, Ar–H), 5.46 (1H, s, H-4), 3.31 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 3.23 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 2.09 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 2.04 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 1.90 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch); 13C NMR (125.76 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 44.7 (CH2), 47.3 (CH2), 48.4 (CH), 53.6 (CH2), 65.4 (CH2), 112.5, 114.1, 115.6, 116.0, 128.5, 140.0, 143.6, 148.1, 151.8, 153.1, 156.7, 161.3, 168.7, 190.5 (C=O), 207.0 (C=O); MS: m/z = 396.87 [M]+; Analysis: for C21H21ClN4O2, calcd. C 63.55, H 5.33, N 14.12%; found C 63.31, H 5.34, N 14.17%.
4-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-5-[4-(piperazin-1-yl)benzoyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (6): Yield: 75%; m.p.: 120–122 °C; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 9.22 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 8.51 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 8.13 (1H, s, =CH), 6.93–7.98 (8H, m, Ar–H), 5.77 (1H, s, H-4), 3.82 (3H, s, OCH3), 3.41 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 3.24 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 2.09 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 2.04 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 1.93 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch); 13C NMR (125.76 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 44.6 (CH2), 46.7 (CH2), 49.6 (CH), 55.9 (CH2), 56.1 (CH2), 111.1, 114.2, 120.6, 130.5, 131.0, 137.3, 154.0, 157.3, 158.5, 161.4, 168.8, 172.6, 187.1, 190.5, 196.1 (C=O), 207.0 (C=O); MS: m/z = 392.45 [M]+; Analysis: for C22H24N4O3, calcd. C 67.33, H 6.16, N 14.28%; found C 67.58, H 6.14, N 14.23%.
4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-5-[4-(piperazin-1-yl)benzoyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (7): Yield: 75%; m.p.: 210–212 °C; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 9.16 (1H, s, OH, D2O exch), 9.0 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 8.51 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 8.17 (1H, s, =CH), 6.71–8.08 (8H, m, Ar–H), 5.33 (1H, s, H-4), 3.35 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 3.20 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 2.07 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 2.01 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 1.82 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch); 13C NMR (125.76 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 44.7 (CH2), 48.1 (CH2), 49.2 (CH), 53.5 (CH2), 65.4 (CH2), 115.4, 116.0, 128.0, 129.6, 130.3, 151.7, 152.0, 153.0, 155.8, 156.4, 157.1, 159.1, 161.3, 168.8, 190.7 (C=O), 207.0 (C=O); MS: m/z = 378.42 [M]+; Analysis: for C21H22N4O3, calcd. C 66.65, H 5.86, N 14.81%; found C 66.40, H 5.84, N 14.86%.
4-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-5-[4-(piperazin-1-yl)benzoyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (8): Yield: 75%; m.p.: 158–160 °C; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 9.8 (1H, s, OH, D2O exch), 9.10 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 8.04 (1H, s, =CH), 6.82–7.77 (8H, m, Ar–H), 6.71 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 5.32 (1H, s, H-4), 3.30 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 3.20 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 2.04 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 2.0 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 1.86 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch); 13C NMR (125.76 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 44.6 (CH2), 46.7 (CH2), 48.0 (CH), 53.8 (CH2), 56.5 (CH2), 115.5, 117.3, 120.1, 122.9, 128.6, 130.5, 136.7, 139.5, 143.0, 146.1, 152.1, 153.1, 154.0, 157.8, 161.4, 168.8, 172.6, 187.0, 190.6, 196.6 (C=O), 207.0 (C=O); MS: m/z = 378.42 [M]+; Analysis: for C21H22N4O3, calcd. C 66.65, H 5.86, N 14.81%; found C 66.39, H 5.83, N 14.85%.
4-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-5-[4-(piperazin-1-yl)benzoyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (9): Yield: 70%; m.p.: 118–120 °C; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 9.28 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 8.50 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 8.24 (1H, s, =CH), 6.88–8.11 (8H, m, Ar–H), 5.47 (1H, s, H-4), 3.73 (3H, s, OCH3), 3.33 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 3.20 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 2.09 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 2.04 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 1.92 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch); 13C NMR (125.76 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 44.6 (CH2), 46.8 (CH2), 47.3 (CH), 55.4 (CH2), 65.4 (CH2), 112.7, 114.1, 118.9, 130.5, 136.8, 139.9, 142.8, 146.1, 151.7, 152.0, 153.1, 154.0, 159.7, 160.1, 161.4, 172.7, 187.0, 190.6, 196.1 (C=O), 207.0 (C=O); MS: m/z = 392.45 [M]+; Analysis: for C22H24N4O3, calcd. C 67.33, H 6.16, N 14.28%; found C 67.57, H 6.14, N 14.23%.
4-(3-Ethoxyphenyl)-5-[4-(piperazin-1-yl)benzoyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (10): Yield: 65%; m.p.: 88–90 °C; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 9.21 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 8.52 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 8.20 (1H, s, =CH), 6.87–8.11 (8H, m, Ar–H), 5.40 (1H, s, H-4), 4.0 (2H, q, OCH2), 3.33 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 3.20 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 2.09 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 2.08 (2H, s, CH2 piperazine), 1.92 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 1.35 (3H, t, CH3); 13C NMR (125.76 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 15.0 (CH3), 44.6 (OCH2), 46.8 (CH2), 47.3 (CH2), 48.0 (CH), 48.5 (CH2), 63.7 (CH2), 114.2, 115.1, 128.0, 130.5, 130.9, 131.0, 153.9, 158.2, 160.8, 161.4, 172.5, 186.9, 190.6, 191.7, 196.1 (C=O), 207.0 (C=O); MS: m/z = 406.43 [M]+; Analysis: for C23H26N4O3, calcd. C 67.96, H 6.45, N 13.78%; found C 67.70, H 4.46, N 13.73%.
5-[4-(Morpholin-4-yl)benzoyl]-4-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (11): Yield: 70%; m.p.: 258–260 °C; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 9.21 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 7.79 (1H, s, =CH), 7.09–7.45 (6H, m, Ar–H), 7.01 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 6.95 (3H, m, Ar–H), 5.44 (1H, s, H-4), 3.74 (4H, t, J = 4.6 Hz, 2×CH2 morpholine), 3.22 (4H, t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2×CH2 morpholine); 13C NMR (125.76 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 47.6 (CH2), 47.7 (CH2), 54.0 (CH), 66.35 (CH2), 66.37 (CH2), 112.9, 113.81, 113.84, 126.8, 127.8, 128.5, 128.9, 130.4, 130.5, 139.8, 144.6, 151.9, 153.3, 153.5, 190.6 (C=O), 194.0 (C=O); MS: m/z = 363.42 [M]+; Analysis: for C21H21N3O3, calcd. C 69.41, H 5.82, N 11.56%; found C 69.58, H 5.80, N 11.59%.
5-[4-(Morpholin-4-yl)benzoyl]-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (12): Yield: 75%; m.p.: 198–200 °C; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 9.42 (1H, d, NH, D2O exch), 8.07 (1H, s, =CH), 7.06–7.91 (8H, m, Ar–H), 6.93 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 6.08 (1H, s, H-4), 3.73 (4H, t, J = 4.6 Hz, 2×CH2 morpholine), 3.21 (4H, t, J = 4.7 Hz, 2×CH2 morpholine); 13C NMR (125.76 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 47.0 (CH2), 47.6 (CH2), 50.0 (CH), 66.2 (CH2), 66.3 (CH2), 111.7, 113.4, 124.4, 128.1, 129.2, 130.0, 132.6, 134.3, 138.7, 140.8, 148.3, 151.1, 153.5, 190.3 (C=O), 192.8 (C=O); MS: m/z = 408.43 [M]+; Analysis: for C21H20N4O5, calcd. C 61.76, H 4.94, N 13.72%; found C 61.90, H 4.92, N 13.77%.
5-[4-(Morpholin-4-yl)benzoyl]-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (13): Yield: 70%; m.p.: 202–204 °C; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 9.42 (1H, d, NH, D2O exch), 8.23 (1H, s, =CH), 7.43–7.92 (6H, m, Ar–H), 7.09 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 6.94 (2H, d, J = 8.9 Hz, Ar–H), 5.57 (1H, s, H-4), 3.72 (4H, t, J = 4.6 Hz, 2×CH2 morpholine), 3.21 (4H, t, J = 4.7 Hz, 2×CH2 morpholine); 13C NMR (125.76 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 47.60 (CH2), 46.67 (CH2), 53.9 (CH), 66.2 (CH2), 66.3 (CH2), 111.8, 113.8, 124.3, 128.2, 128.3, 130.5, 134.0, 138.0, 140.7, 147.2, 151.7, 151.8, 153.6, 190.5 (C=O), 192.0 (C=O); MS: m/z = 408.42 [M]+; Analysis: for C21H20N4O5, calcd. C 61.76, H 4.94, N 13.72%; found C 61.90, H 4.92, N 13.76%.
5-[4-(Morpholin-4-yl)benzoyl]-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (14): Yield: 70%; m.p.: 205–207 °C; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 9.40 (1H, d, NH, D2O exch), 8.15 (1H, s, =CH), 7.45–7.95 (6H, m, Ar–H), 7.12 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 6.95 (2H, d, J = 8.9 Hz, Ar–H), 5.59 (1H, s, H-4), 3.72 (4H, t, J = 4.6 Hz, 2×CH2 morpholine), 3.22 (4H, t, J = 4.7 Hz, 2×CH2 morpholine); 13C NMR (125.76 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 47.6 (2×CH2), 53.7 (CH), 66.3 (2×CH2), 111.8, 113.8, 121.6, 122.9, 128.2, 130.5, 130.7, 133.7, 140.8, 146.7, 148.2, 151.6, 153.6, 190.5 (C=O), 192.0 (C=O); MS: m/z = 408.41 [M]+; Analysis: for C21H20N4O5, calcd. C 61.76, H 4.94, N 13.72%; found C61.89, H 4.91, N 13.75%.
4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-[4-(morpholin-4-yl)benzoyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (15): Yield: 80%; m.p.: 288–290 °C; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 9.25 (1H, d, NH, D2O exch), 7.81 (1H, s, =CH), 7.33–7.45 (6H, m, Ar–H), 7.02 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 6.95 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, Ar–H), 5.43 (1H, s, H-4), 3.73 (4H, t, J = 4.6 Hz, 2×CH2 morpholine), 3.22 (4H, t, J = 4.7 Hz, 2×CH2 morpholine); 13C NMR (125.76 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 47.6 (2×CH2), 53.6 (CH), 66.3 (2×CH2), 112.5, 113.8, 128.4, 128.8, 128.9, 130.5, 132.3, 140.1, 143.6, 151.8, 153.5, 190.6 (C=O), 192.0 (C=O); MS: m/z = 397.86 [M]+; Analysis: for C21H20ClN3O3, calcd. C 63.40, H 5.07, N 10.56%; found C 63.65, H 5.08, N 10.59%.
4-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-5-[4-(morpholin-4-yl)benzoyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (16): Yield: 80%; m.p.: 178–180 °C; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 9.22 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 7.81 (1H, s, =CH), 7.20–7.50 (5H, m, Ar–H), 7.09 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 6.89–7.01 (3H, m, Ar–H), 5.75 (1H, s, H-4), 3.82 (4H, t, J = 4.7 Hz, 2×CH2 morpholine), 3.21 (4H, t, J = 4.7 Hz, 2×CH2 morpholine); 13C NMR (125.76 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 47.6 (2×CH2), 49.6 (OCH3), 55.9 (CH), 66.2 (CH2), 66.3 (CH2), 111.5, 117.7, 113.8, 120.7, 127.9, 128.7, 129.3, 130.5, 131.3, 140.4, 152.2, 153.5, 157.3, 190.5 (C=O), 192.0 (C=O); MS: m/z = 393.41 [M]+; Analysis: for C22H23N3O4, calcd. C 67.16, H 5.89, N 10.68%; found C 66.89, H 5.87, N 10.64%.
4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-5-[4-(morpholin-4-yl)benzoyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (17): Yield: 60%; m.p.: 118–120 °C; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 9.14 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 9.01 (1H, s, OH), 8.08 (1H, s, =CH), 7.43–7.77 (4H, m, Ar–H), 7.07 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 6.70–7.05 (4H, m, Ar–H), 5.35 (1H, s, H-4), 3.74 (4H, t, J = 4.6 Hz, 2×CH2 morpholine), 3.21 (4H, t, J = 4.6 Hz, 2×CH2 morpholine); 13C NMR (125.76 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 47.0 (CH2), 47.6 (CH2), 53.5 (CH), 66.2 (CH2), 66.4 (CH2), 113.4, 113.8, 115.5, 128.0, 128.6, 130.5, 132.6, 135.2, 139.3, 152.0, 153.5, 154.5, 154.7, 190.7 (C=O), 191.8 (C=O); MS: m/z = 379.41 [M]+; Analysis: for C21H21N3O4, calcd. C 66.48, H 5.58, N 11.08%; found C 66.72, H 5.60, N 11.04%.
4-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-5-[4-(morpholin-4-yl)benzoyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (18): Yield: 60%; m.p.: 120–122 °C; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 9.19 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 9.01 (1H, s, OH), 8.08 (1H, s, =CH), 7.43–7.77 (4H, m, Ar–H), 7.06 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 6.63–7.01 (4H, m, Ar–H), 5.37 (1H, s, H-4), 3.72 (4H, t, J = 4.6 Hz, 2×CH2 morpholine), 3.20 (4H, t, J = 4.6 Hz, 2×CH2 morpholine); 13C NMR (125.76 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 48.3 (CH2), 48.5 (CH2), 55.2 (CH), 66.7 (CH2), 67.6 (CH2), 114.6, 115.0, 131.2, 131.8, 138.9, 140.1, 140.8, 147.4, 153.4, 154.6, 154.8, 155.8, 159.2, 192.0 (C=O), 194.0 (C=O); MS: m/z = 379.42 [M]+; Analysis: for C21H21N3O4, calcd. C 66.48, H 5.58, N 11.08%; found C 66.63, H 5.59, N 11.12%.
4-(3-Methoxyhenyl)-5-[4-(morpholin-4-yl)benzoyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (19): Yield: 60%; m.p.: 170–172 °C; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 9.23 (1H, d, NH, D2O exch), 8.09 (1H, s, =CH), 7.24–7.79 (4H, m, Ar–H), 6.87 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 6.91–7.04 (4H, m, Ar–H), 5.45 (1H, s, H-4), 3.83 (3H, s, OCH3), 3.73 (4H, t, J = 4.6 Hz, 2×CH2 morpholine), 3.22 (4H, t, J = 4.6 Hz, 2×CH2 morpholine); 13C NMR (125.76 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 47.0 (CH2), 47.6 (CH2), 53.9 (OCH3), 55.4 (CH), 66.2 (CH2), 66.3 (CH2), 112.77, 112.79, 112.93, 113.8, 118.9, 128.5, 130.1, 130.5, 139.8, 146.1, 152.0, 153.5, 159.7, 190.7 (C=O), 192.0 (C=O); MS: m/z = 393.40 [M]+; Analysis: for C22H23N3O4, calcd. C 67.16, H 5.89, N 10.68%; found C 66.87, H 5.91, N 10.66%.
4-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)-5-[4-(morpholin-4-yl)benzoyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (20): Yield: 60%; m.p.: 200–202 °C; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 9.16 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 8.08 (1H, s, =CH), 6.86–7.77 (8H, m, Ar–H), 6.78 (1H, s, NH, D2O exch), 5.38 (1H, s, H-4), 3.97 (2H, q, J = 6.9 Hz, OCH2), 3.73 (4H, t, J = 4.6 Hz, 2×CH2 morpholine), 3.21 (4H, t, J = 4.6 Hz, 2×CH2 morpholine), 1.27 (3H, t, J = 6.9 Hz, CH3); 13C NMR (125.76 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 18.0 (CH3), 47.0 (CH2), 47.7 (CH2), 53.4 (OCH2), 63.2 (CH2), 66.3 (CH2), 113.2, 114.2, 125.8, 128.0, 129.5, 132.7, 136.7, 138.8, 139.5, 151.9, 153.3, 154.6, 157.1, 158.2, 190.7 (C=O), 192.8 (C=O); MS: m/z = 407.42 [M]+; Analysis: for C23H25N3O4, calcd. C 67.80, H 6.18, N 10.31%; found C 66.88, H 6.20, N 10.35%.

4. Conclusions

In conclusion, novel dihydropyrimidinone derivatives (1–20) containing piperazine and morpholine moieties were synthesized efficiently in good yield with a simple method consisting of three components in a single pot. The starting material, enaminones, 4-methyl-1-[4-(piperazin/morpholin-1-yl) phenyl] pent-2-en-1-one (IIa–b) were synthesized by reacting 4-methyl-1-[4-(piperazin/morpholin-1-yl) phenyl] pent-2-en-1-one (Ia–b) with dimethylformamide dimethylacetal (DMF–DMA) without solvent. The E -configuration of the enaminone was confirmed by the single crystal X-ray crystallography.

Author Contributions

Data curation, A.M.N.; Formal analysis, H.A.G.; Investigation, M.A.B.; Project administration, M.A.A.-O.

Funding

The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding this research group no. (RG 1435–006).

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interests.

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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds (1–20) with 99% purity are available from authors.
Molecules 23 01559 g001 550
Figure 1. Marketed drugs containing piperazine moiety.
Figure 1. Marketed drugs containing piperazine moiety.
Molecules 23 01559 g001
Molecules 23 01559 g002 550
Figure 2. Marketed drugs containing morpholine moiety.
Figure 2. Marketed drugs containing morpholine moiety.
Molecules 23 01559 g002
Molecules 23 01559 sch001 550
Scheme 1. Reaction scheme for the synthesis of dihydropyrimidinone derivatives (1–20).
Scheme 1. Reaction scheme for the synthesis of dihydropyrimidinone derivatives (1–20).
Molecules 23 01559 sch001

Comp.XR
1NHC6H5–
2NH2-NO2–C6H4–
3NH4-NO2–C6H4–
4NH3-NO2–C6H4–
5NH4-Cl–C6H4–
6NH2-OCH3–C6H4–
7NH4-OH–C6H4–
8NH3-OH–C6H4–
9NH3-OCH3–C6H4–
10NH4-OC2H5–C6H4–
11OC6H5–
12O2-NO2–C6H4–
13O4-NO2–C6H4–
14O3-NO2–C6H4–
15O4-Cl–C6H4–
16O2-OCH3–C6H4–
17O4-OH–C6H4–
18O3-OH–C6H4–
19O3-OCH3–C6H4–
20O4-OC2H5–C6H4–
Molecules 23 01559 g003 550
Figure 3. ORTEP diagram of the enaminone (IIb) containing morpholine moiety. Displacement ellipsoids are plotted at the 40% probability level for non-H atoms.
Figure 3. ORTEP diagram of the enaminone (IIb) containing morpholine moiety. Displacement ellipsoids are plotted at the 40% probability level for non-H atoms.
Molecules 23 01559 g003
Molecules 23 01559 g004 550
Figure 4. Molecular packing of enaminone (IIb) viewed hydrogen bonds which are drawn as dashed lines along a axis.
Figure 4. Molecular packing of enaminone (IIb) viewed hydrogen bonds which are drawn as dashed lines along a axis.
Molecules 23 01559 g004
Molecules 23 01559 sch002 550
Scheme 2. Mechanism of the reaction for the synthesis of dihydropyrimidinone derivatives (1–20).
Scheme 2. Mechanism of the reaction for the synthesis of dihydropyrimidinone derivatives (1–20).
Molecules 23 01559 sch002
Table
Table 1. Experimental details.
Table 1. Experimental details.
Crystal Data
Chemical formulaC15H20N2O2
Mr260.33
Crystal system, space groupTriclinic, P-1
Temperature (K)293
a, b, c (Å)9.5268 (7), 10.2914 (8), 15.3140 (11)
α β γ (°)104.458 (3), 97.224 (3), 97.984 (3)
V (Å3)1419.51 (18)
Z4
Radiation typeMo Kα
µ (mm−1)0.08
Crystal size (mm)0.61 × 0.31 × 0.28
Data collection
DiffractometerBruker APEX-II D8 venture diffractometer
Absorption correctionMulti-scan SADABS Bruker 2014
Tmin, Tmax0.952, 0.977
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections27345, 5007, 2799
Rint0.102
Refinement
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S0.075, 0.239, 1.04
No. of reflections5007
No. of parameters348
No. of restraints0
H-atom treatmentH atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3)0.34, −0.32
Table
Table 2. Selected geometric parameters (Å).
Table 2. Selected geometric parameters (Å).
O1A—C8A1.393 (5)N2A—C13A1.326 (4)
O1A—C9A1.399 (5)N2A—C14A1.429 (5)
O2A—C11A1.230 (4)N2A—C15A1.443 (4)
O1B—C9B1.327 (6)N1B—C1B1.402 (4)
O1B—C8B1.369 (5)N1B—C7B1.406 (5)
O2B—C11B1.233 (5)N1B—C10B1.427 (5)
N1A—C10A1.460 (4)N2B—C13B1.332 (5)
N1A—C1A1.403 (4)N2B—C14B1.440 (4)
N1A—C7A1.447 (5)N2B—C15B1.453 (6)
C8A—O1A—C9A110.1 (3)N1A—C7A—C8A111.8 (3)
C8B—O1B—C9B117.7 (3)O1A—C8A—C7A113.1 (3)
C1A—N1A—C10A117.1 (2)O1A—C9A—C10A112.6 (3)
C7A—N1A—C10A111.9 (3)N1A—C10A—C9A111.4 (3)
C1A—N1A—C7A117.5 (2)O2A—C11A—C4A118.5 (3)
C13A—N2A—C15A121.8 (3)O2A—C11A—C12A123.1 (3)
C14A—N2A—C15A116.7 (3)N2A—C13A—C12A127.7 (3)
C13A—N2A—C14A121.5 (3)N1B—C1B—C2B121.2 (3)
C1B—N1B—C7B118.9 (3)N1B—C1B—C6B122.0 (3)
C1B—N1B—C10B119.3 (3)N1B—C7B—C8B115.9 (3)
C7B—N1B—C10B117.4 (3)O1B—C8B—C7B116.9 (4)
C13B—N2B—C14B122.6 (3)O1B—C9B—C10B119.2 (4)
C13B—N2B—C15B121.2 (3)N1B—C10B—C9B115.8 (3)
C14B—N2B—C15B115.9 (3)O2B—C11B—C4B119.0 (3)
N1A—C1A—C2A122.5 (3)O2B—C11B—C12B121.6 (3)
N1A—C1A—C6A120.4 (3)N2B—C13B—C12B128.1 (4)
Table
Table 3. Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å).
Table 3. Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å).
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
C5B—H5BA···O2Bi0.9302.51003.391 (4)158.00
C13A—H13A···O2Bi0.9302.59003.451 (4)154.00
C13B—H13B···O2Ai0.9302.58003.418 (4)151.00
C15A—H15A···O2Bi0.9602.51003.375 (5)149.00
Symmetry code: (i) –x + 1, −y + 1, −z.

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Bhat, M.A.; Al-Omar, M.A.; Ghabbour, H.A.; Naglah, A.M. A One-Pot Biginelli Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Dihydropyrimidinone Derivatives Containing Piperazine/Morpholine Moiety. Molecules 2018, 23, 1559. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23071559

AMA Style

Bhat MA, Al-Omar MA, Ghabbour HA, Naglah AM. A One-Pot Biginelli Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Dihydropyrimidinone Derivatives Containing Piperazine/Morpholine Moiety. Molecules. 2018; 23(7):1559. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23071559

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bhat, Mashooq Ahmad, Mohamed A. Al-Omar, Hazem A. Ghabbour, and Ahmed M. Naglah. 2018. "A One-Pot Biginelli Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Dihydropyrimidinone Derivatives Containing Piperazine/Morpholine Moiety" Molecules 23, no. 7: 1559. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23071559

APA Style

Bhat, M. A., Al-Omar, M. A., Ghabbour, H. A., & Naglah, A. M. (2018). A One-Pot Biginelli Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Dihydropyrimidinone Derivatives Containing Piperazine/Morpholine Moiety. Molecules, 23(7), 1559. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23071559

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