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Article

Intramolecular Carbene C-H Insertion Reactions of 2-Diazo-2-sulfamoylacetamides

by
Chuqiang Que
†,
Peipei Huang
†,
Zhanhui Yang
,
Ning Chen
and
Jiaxi Xu
*
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Molecules 2019, 24(14), 2628; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24142628
Submission received: 1 July 2019 / Revised: 15 July 2019 / Accepted: 16 July 2019 / Published: 19 July 2019
(This article belongs to the Collection Heterocyclic Compounds)
Browse Figures
Versions Notes

Abstract

:
The intramolecular C-H insertions of carbenes derived from 2-diazo-2-sulfamoylacetamides were studied. 2-Diazo-2-sulfamoylacetamides were first prepared from chloroacetyl chloride and secondary amines through acylation followed by sequential treatments with sodium sulfite, phosphorus oxychloride, secondary amines, and 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl azide. The results indicate that: (1) 2-diazo-N,N-dimethyl-2-(N,N-diphenylsulfamoyl)acetamide can take the formal aromatic 1,5-C-H insertion in its N-phenylsulfonamide moiety to afford the corresponding 1,3-dihydrobenzo[c]isothiazole-3-carboxamide 2,2-dioxide derivative; (2) no aliphatic C-H insertions occur for 2-diazo-2-(N,N-dialkylsulfamoyl)acetamides; and (3) for 2-diazo-N-phenyl-2-(N-phenylsulfamoyl)acetamides, the formal aromatic 1,5-C-H insertion in the N-phenylacetamide moiety is favorable to afford the corresponding 3-sulfamoylindolin-2-one derivatives as sole or major products. The intramolecular competitive aromatic 1,5-C-H insertion reactions of 2-diazo-2-sulfamoylacetamides with aryl groups on both amide and sulfonamide groups reveal that the N-aryl substituents on acetamide are more active than those on sulfonamide. The chemoselectivity is controlled by electronic effect of the aryl group.

Graphical Abstract

1. Introduction

The transition-metal-catalyzed intramolecularly aliphatic and aromatic C-H insertions of diazo amides provide important transformations to efficiently synthesize nitrogen-containing heterocycles with the new C-C bond formation [1,2,3,4]. The reactivity of diazoamides has been well studied (Scheme 1a), affording β-lactams (I) [5,6,7,8,9], γ-lactams (II) [5,6,7,8,9], indolin-2-ones (III) [10,11,12,13,14,15], 1,4-dihydroisoquinolin-3(2H)-ones (IV), Buchner products (V), and cyclopropanation products (VI) [16,17,18,19,20,21] (Scheme 1a) and a series of exquisite reactions has been established to construct complex and useful structures, such as biological and natural products [22,23].
Recently, we put much attention to the reactivity of different diazosulfonamides (Scheme 1b) [24,25], and realized the rhodium- and copper-catalyzed intramolecular aromatic 1,5-C-H insertion of N,N-diaryl diazomethanesulfonamides with the ethoxycarbonyl group (ethyl 2-(N,N-diarylsulfamoyl)-2-diazoacetates) to prepare ethyl 1-aryl-1,3-dihydrobenzo[c]isothiazole-3-carboxylate 2,2-dioxides (N-aryl-3-ethoxycarbonyl benzo-γ-sultams) (R = OEt, Scheme 1b) [24]. We also achieved the copper-catalyzed intramolecularly aromatic 1,5-C-H insertion of N-alkyl-N-aryl diazomethanesulfonamides 1 with the acetyl and benzoyl groups to synthesize 1-alkyl-3-acetyl/benzoyl-2,2-dioxido-1,3-dihydrobenzo[c]isothiazoles (R = Me, Ph, Scheme 1b) [25]. For the N-alkyldiazomethanesulfonamides with acetyl, benzoyl, and ethoxycarbonyl groups, the aliphatic C-H insertions, including 1,4-, 1,5-, and 1,6-insertions, of the N-alkyl groups on the sulfonamide moiety were not observed [24,25]. Compared with diazoacetamides, only limited investigations on the reactivity and chemoselectivity on diazosulfonamides were conducted [24,25]. 2-Diazo-2-sulfamoylacetamides are also carbamoyl diazomethanesulfonamides from the viewpoint of sulfonamides. They are diazomethanes with both carbamoyl and sulfamoyl groups. The following is not clear to date: (1) Do aromatic 1,5-C-H insertions of carbamoyl diazomethanesulfonamides take place on their N-phenyl group on sulfonamide? (2) Do aliphatic C-H insertions occur in 2-diazo-2-(N,N-dialkylsulfamoyl)acetamides? (3) If 2-diazo-2-sulfamoylacetamides have two aryl groups on different nitrogen atoms of their amide and sulfonamide groups, what is the chemoselectivity in their intramolecular competitive aromatic 1,5-C-H insertion reactions? Herein, we report our results on the intramolecular carbene C-H insertion reactions of 2-diazo-2-sulfamoylacetamides with different alkyl and aryl substituents on the nitrogen atoms of the amide and sulfonamide groups.

2. Results and Discussion

2.1. Synthesis of 2-Diazo-2-sulfamoylacetamides 1

Because the carbene C-H insertion of carbamoyl diazomethanesulfonamides has not been explored previously, to confirm whether N-aryl-carbamoyl-diazomethanesulfonamides can take the aromatic 1,5-C-H insertion in their N-arylsulfonamide moiety, we first prepared N-methyl-N-phenyl and N,N-diphenyl carbamoyl-diazomethanesulfonamides 1a and 1b. The reaction of 2-chloroacetyl chloride and dimethylammonium chloride (4a∙HCl) in the presence of triethylamine in dichloromethane afforded 2-chloro-N,N-dimethylacetamide (5a) in 90% yield. 2-Chloroacetamide 5a was treated with sodium sulfite in water three times to give rise to solid sodium carbamoylmethanesulfonate after removal of water. The mixture of dry crude sodium sulfonate and phosphorus oxychloride was refluxed for 3 h to afford the corresponding sulfonyl chloride 6a, which further reacted with N-methylaniline (4b) and diphenylamine (4c), respectively. However, only diphenylamine (4c) gave rise to sulfamoylacetamide 7b in a low yield of 16%. It is somewhat strange that N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethanesulfonyl chloride (6a) failed to react with N-methylaniline (4b) (Scheme 2). To verify the results, we attempted the reaction several times, but all failed to afford sulfamoylacetamide 7a (Table 1, entry a).
The reactions of 2-chloroacetyl chloride and secondary amines 4b and 4c produced tertiary 2-chloroacetamides 5c and 5d in excellent yields. 2-Chloroacetamides 5c,d were treated with sodium sulfite in water three times to give rise to solid sodium carbamoylmethanesulfonates after removal of water. The mixtures of dry crude sodium sulfonates and phosphorus oxychloride were refluxed for 3 h to afford the corresponding sulfonyl chlorides 6c,d. To evaluate aliphatic C-H insertions of 2-diazo-2-(N,N-dialkylsulfamoyl)acetamides, sulfonyl chlorides 6c,d were reacted with N-butylbenzylamine (4d) to yield 2-(N-benzyl-N-butylsulfamoyl)-2-diazoacetamides 7c,d in satisfactory yields (Table 1, entries c and d). To investigate the intramolecular competitive aromatic 1,5-C-H insertion of N-aryl-2-(N-arylsulfamoyl)-2-diazoacetamides, sulfonyl chlorides 6c,d were further reacted with another secondary amines 4b,c to yield sulfamoylacetamides 7e–h in 30–88% yields (Table 1, entries e–h). Sulfamoylacetamides 7 were converted into 2-diazosulfamoylacetamides 1 through the diazo transformation reaction with 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl azide (NsN3) in acetonitrile with DBU as base (Scheme 2).
Although the reaction of N,N-diphenylcarbamoylmethanesulfonyl chloride (6d) and diphenylamine (4c) worked well (Table 1, entry h), when we tried to react it with di(4-methoxyphenyl)amine (4e), di(4-methylphenyl)amine (4f), di(4-chlorophenyl)amine (4g), and di(4-bromophenyl)amine (4h) to prepare different 2-(N,N-diarylsulfamoyl)-2-diazo-N,N-diphenylacetamides 1i–l with different electron density phenyl groups on the nitrogen of the sulfonamide group, no reaction occurred or only trace amounts of the corresponding 2-diazosulfamoylacetamides were observed.

2.2. Intramolecular Carbene C-H Insertion Reactions of 2-Diazo-2-sulfamoylacetamides 1

The reaction of 2-diazo-N,N-dimethyl-2-(N,N-diphenylsulfamoyl)acetamide (1b) was applied to optimize the reaction conditions. The results indicate that 2-diazo-2-sulfamoylacetamide 1b in refluxing toluene under stirring and the catalysis of Cu(acac)2 for 9 h is the optimal condition, similar to a previous study [25], affording N,N-dimethyl-1-phenyl-1,3-dihydrobenzo[c]isothiazole-3-carboxamide 2,2-dioxide (2b) in 90% yield (Table 2, entry 1). The results show that N-aryl-diazomethanesulfonamides with carbamoyl substituents are suitable substrates for the intramolecular aromatic 1,5-C-H insertion on the aryl group of sulfamide.
To further examine aliphatic C-H insertion of 2-diazo-2-sulfamoylacetamides, both 2-diazo-2-(N-benzyl-N-butylsulfamoyl)-N-methyl-N-phenylacetamide (1c) and 2-diazo-2-(N-benzyl-N-butylsulfamoyl)-N,N-diphenylacetamide (1d) were conducted under the optimal reaction conditions, affording 3-(N-benzyl-N-butylsulfamoyl)-1-methylindolin-2-one (3c) and 3-(N-benzyl-N-butylsulfamoyl)-1-phenylindolin-2-one (3d) chemospecifically in 76% and 85% yields, respectively (Table 2, entries 2 and 3). Similar to acyl diazomethanesulfonamides [24,25], aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, and 1,6-C-H insertions in the butyl group; aromatic 1,6-C-H insertion; Buchner reaction; and cyclopropanation on the benzene ring in the benzyl group did not occur, although diazosulfones and diazosulfonates favored aliphatic insertions [26,27,28,29,30,31,32].
Although the aliphatic carbene 1,4-C-H insertion of diazoamides generally occurred and was sensitive to the acyl groups [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15], it appeared quite different in our attempted acyl diazo-N-methylmethanesulfonamides [25] and 2-diazo-2-(N-benzyl-N-butylsulfamoyl)acetamides 1c,d, possibly because of the subtle changes in conformation or the bond length of diazomethanesulfonamides, as Doyle and coworkers mentioned [3].
To investigate the intramolecular competitive aromatic 1,5-C-H insertion reaction, four representative N-aryl-2-diazo-2-(N-arylsulfamoyl)acetamides 1e–h with two, three, or four N-phenyl groups, respectively, were conducted under the optimal conditions. The results are presented in Table 2. 2-Diazo-N-methyl-N-phenyl-2-(N-methyl-N-phenylsulfamoyl)acetamide (1e) gave rise to chemospecific 1-methyl-3-(N-methyl-N-phenylsulfamoyl)indolin-2-one (3e) only in 53% yield (Table 2, entry 4). The structure was assigned by comparing the IR absorbing wave number of the C=O group in the amide moiety in 1e (1658 cm−1), 2b (1656 cm−1), and 3e (1720 cm−1) (γ-lactam). However, 2-diazo-N-methyl-N-phenyl-2-(N,N-diphenylsulfamoyl)acetamide (1f) yielded both N-methyl-N,1-diphenyl-1,3-dihydrobenzo[c]isothiazole-3-carboxamide 2,2-dioxide (2f) in 15% yield and 1-methyl-3-(N,N-diphenylsulfamoyl)indolin-2-one (3f) in 44% yield, favoring the aromatic 1,5-C-H insertion in the N-phenyl amide moiety (Table 2, entry 5). Both 2-diazo-2-(N-methyl-N-phenylsulfamoyl)-N,N-diphenylacetamide (1g) and 2-diazo-N,N-diphenyl-2-(N,N-diphenylsulfamoyl)acetamide (1h) gave rise to chemospecific 3-(N-methyl-N-phenylsulfamoyl)-1-phenylindolin-2-one (3g) and 1-phenyl-3-(N,N-diphenylsulfamoyl)indolin-2-one (3h) in similar yields of 52% and 48%, respectively (Table 2, entries 6 and 7). No corresponding 1,3-dihydrobenzo[c]isothiazole-3-carboxamide 2,2-dioxide was observed in the reaction mixture in each of cases.

2.3. Mechanism on the Aromatic 1,5-C-H Insertion

According to previous publications [1,2,3,4,14], considering the mechanism of the intramolecular aromatic 1,5-C-H insertion, it is proposed as follows. Diazosulfamoylacetamides 1 react with Cu(acac)2 to generate Cu-carbon ylides A, of which the carbocation electrophilically attacks the benzene ring in the N-phenyl group in the amide moiety (in the sulfonamide moiety only for 2-diazo-N,N-dialkyl(N-arylsulfamoyl)acetamides) to yield cyclized intermediates B (Frediel–Craft alkylation). After releasing Cu(acac)2 catalyst and the proton transfer, the intermediates B convert to aromatic 1,5-inserted enolic intermediates C, which tautomerize into final products 2 and/or 3 (Scheme 3).

2.4. Rationale on the Chemoselectivity in the Aromatic 1,5-C-H Insertions of N-aryl-2-diazo-2-(N-arylsulfamoyl)acetamides

2-Diazo-N-phenyl-2-(N-phenylsulfamoyl)acetamides 1e–h generally predominantly reacted on the phenyl group of N-phenylacetamides, giving rise to 3-sulfamoylindolin-2-ones 3e–h as major or exclusive products. Only 2-diazo-N-methyl-N-phenyl-2-(N,N-diphenylsulfamoyl)acetamide (1f) generated 1,3-dihydrobenzo[c]isothiazole-3-carboxamide 2,2-dioxide 2f as a minor product at the same time.
On the basis of Hammett constants [33], methanesulfonyl (σ = 0.73) is a stronger electron-withdrawing group than acetyl (σ = 0.47). It should be reasonable to rationalize that the phenyl group of N-phenylamides is generally electron-richer than that of N-phenylsulfonamides, favoring the electrophilic attack of Cu-carbon ylides to the phenyl group of amides, showing higher reactivity of N-phenylacetamides. The chemoselectivity is attributed to the different electronic effects of methanesulfonamido and acetamido groups when amides and sulfonamides possess similar steric hindrance. For example, the O=C-N(Me)-Ph and (O=)2S-N(Me)-Ph conjugative systems in substrate 1e can exist in the same planes or almost same planes. Thus, the electron-withdrawing conjugative effect of the methanesulfonamido group is stronger than that of the acetamido group, resulting in lower electron density of the phenyl group on sulfonamide. Thus, the aromatic 1,5-C-H insertion occurs on the phenyl group of acetamide. In N,N-diphenyl derivative 1h, both O=C-N(Ph)-Ph and O=S-N(Ph)-Ph conjugative systems cannot exist in the same planes due to steric hindrance of two phenyl groups. The phenyl group of acetamide is electron-richer than that of sulfonamide as well in 1h. The phenyl group of O=C-N(Ph)-Ph is absolutely electron-richer than that of (O=)2S-N(Me)-Ph in substrate 1g because the former is not in the same plane due to steric hindrance of two phenyl groups, while the latter is in the same plane. Similarly, the aromatic 1,5-C-H insertion of both substrate 1g and 1h occurs on the electron-rich phenyl group of acetamide. However, for 2-diazo-N-methyl-N-phenyl-2-(N,N-diphenylsulfamoyl)acetamide (1f), the (O=)2S-N(Ph)-Ph conjugative system is non-planar, showing weak electron-withdrawing conjugative effect due to steric hindrance of two phenyl groups, while the near planar O=C-N(Me)-Ph conjugative system shows strong electron-withdrawing conjugative effect to decrease the electron density of the phenyl group on the N-phenylacetamide, resulting in closer electron-densities of these two phenyl groups on both acetamide and sulfonamide. This is the reason 2-diazo-N-methyl-N-phenyl-2-(N,N-diphenylsulfamoyl)acetamide (1f) chemoselectively generated both 3-sulfamoylindolin-2-one 3f as major product and 1,3-dihydrobenzo[c]isothiazole-3-carboxamide 2,2-dioxide 2f as a minor product.
The intramolecular competitive reactions of 2-diazo-N-phenyl-2-(N-phenylsulfamoyl)acetamides reveal that the chemoselectivity of the aromatic 1,5-C-H insertion is controlled by the electron density of the N-phenyl groups on amides and sulfonamides, but impacted by the steric hindrance. The results also support our proposed reaction mechanism. That is, the electrophilic attack of Cu-carbon ylides on more electron-rich phenyl group in reactants is the key step, i.e. rate-limiting step, in the aromatic carbene 1,5-C-H insertion. This result is similar to Maguire’s report that the aliphatic C-H insertion of carbenes derived from 2-diazo-2-sulfonylacetamides exclusively occurred on the N-alkyl groups on amides, rather than on the alkyl groups of alkanesulfonyls [31]. These results together reveal that diazosulfonamides have more inert reactivity than their analogs diazoacetamides

3. Materials and Methods

3.1. Materials and Instruments

Toluene was refluxed over Na with diphenyl ketone as an indicator and freshly distilled prior to use. Melting points were obtained on a MP-500 melting point apparatus and are uncorrected. 1H and 13C-NMR spectra were recorded on a 400 MHz Bruker spectrometer in CDCl3 with TMS as an internal standard and the chemical shifts (δ) are reported in parts per million (ppm). The IR spectra (KBr pellets, v (cm−1)) were taken on a FTIR spectrometer. HRMS measurements were carried out on an Agilent LC/MSD TOF mass spectrometer. TLC separations were performed on silica gel GF254 plates, and the plates were visualized under UV light. Petroleum ether (PE, 30−60 °C) and ethyl acetate (EA) were used for column separation.
It is noteworthy that the signal of the carbon attached with diazo group in diazosulfamoylacetamides 1 cannot be displayed in their 13C-NMR spectra. Similar observations were also reported by Novikov and Du Bios in the synthesis of diazosulfones and diazosulfonates, respectively [27,28].

3.2. General Procedure for the Preparation of Chloroacetamides 5

Dimethylammonium chloride (4.08 g, 50 mmol) and triethylamine (10.1 g, 100 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane (50 mL). Chloroacetyl chloride (6.78 g, 60 mmol) was added dropwise under stirring at 0 °C. The resulting solution was stirred at 0 °C for 4 h. After washing with water (30 mL × 3), drying over Na2SO4, and removing the solvent, the crude N,N-dimethyl-2-chloroacetamide was obtained and used directly in the next step [34].
To a solution of diphenylamine (8.45 g, 50 mmol) or N-methylaniline (5.35 g, 50 mmol) in dry toluene (30 mL), chloroacetyl chloride (5.65 g, 50 mmol) was added dropwise under stirring. The resulting solution was refluxed for 4 h. After removal of solvent under reduced pressure, the crude product was obtained and used directly in the next step [34].

3.2.1. 2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylacetamide (5a)

Yellow oil, 6.10 g, 90% yield. 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.07 (s,2H), 3.08(s, 3H), 2.97(s, 3H). 13C-NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 166.5, 41.2, 37.6, 35.9 [35].

3.2.2. 2-Chloro-N-methyl-N-phenylacetamide (5c)

Blue crystals, m.p. 76–77 °C, Lit [34]. 77–79 °C. 8.30 g, 90% yield. 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.46–7.29(m, 5H, ArH), 3.86 (s, 2H),3.32 (s, 3H). 13C-NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 166.2, 142.6, 130.0, 128.5, 127.0, 41.4, 37.9.

3.2.3. 2-Chloro-N,N-diphenylacetamide (5d)

Colorless crystals, m.p. 124–125 °C, Lit [35]. 119–120 °C. 11.75 g, 96% yield. 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.39–7.25(m, 10H, ArH), 4.02 (s, 2H).

3.3. General Procedure for the Synthesis of Sulfamoylacetamides 7

Chloroacetamide 5 (25 mmol) was added to a suspension of sodium sulfite (3.94 g, 31.25 mmol) in water (40 mL), and the mixture was stirred for 8 h at room temperature. After removal of water under reduced pressure, the crude product containing sodium chloride was obtained. To the crude product 25 mL of toluene was added, which was removed along with water under reduced pressure. The procedure was repeated three times to give the crude dry sodium sulfonate.
To the crude dry sodium sulfonate, 12.5 mL (ca. 20.5 g, 13.5 mmol) of POCl3 was added and the mixture was refluxed for 3 h. After being dissolved in DCM (13 mL), to the mixture was added a secondary amine 4 (25 mmol) dissolved in DCM (13 mL). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for another 3 h. The mixture was transferred to conical flask of 250 mL, and 50 mL of water and ice mixture was added. After the pH value of the mixture was adjusted to 6–8 with 20% sodium hydroxide, the organic phase was separated and then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After removal of solvent under reduced pressure, the residual oil was purified on silica gel column (EA:PE = 1:10, v/v) to yield the pure 2-sulfamoylacetamide 7.

3.3.1. 2-(N-Benzyl-N-butylsulfamoyl)-N-methyl-N-phenylacetamide (7c)

Yellow oil, 5.56 g, 59% yield. Rf = 0.20 (silica gel plate, EA:PE = 1:5, v/v). 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.49–7.23 (m, 10H), 4.46 (s, 2H), 3.84 (s, 2H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.24 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.46–1.33 (m, 2H), 1.24–1.13 (m, 2H), 0.78 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H). 13C-NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 162.6, 143.0, 137.1, 130.1, 128.6, 128.5, 128.2, 127.6, 127.5, 54.4, 52.9, 48.8, 37.8, 30.4, 19.9, 13.6. IR (CH2Cl2, cm−1): 1662, 1339, 1148. HRMS (ESI) calcd for C20H27N2O3S+ [M + H+] m/z: 375.1737, found 375.1744.

3.3.2. 2-(N-Benzyl-N-butylsulfamoyl)-N,N-diphenylacetamide (7d)

Yellow crystals, m.p. 111−112 °C. 3.02 g, 28% yield. Rf = 0.17 (silica gel plate, EA:PE = 1:5, v/v). 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.47–7.22 (m, 15H), 4.51 (s, 2H), 4.03 (s, 2H), 3.27 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.45 –1.39 (m, 2H), 1.23–1.17 (m, 2H), 0.80 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H). 13C-NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 162.9, 142.0, 141.9, 137.1, 130.1, 129.2, 128.9, 128.7, 128.5, 128.1, 127.6, 127.0, 126.4, 55.4, 53.0, 48.9, 30.3, 19.8, 13.6. IR (CH2Cl2, cm−1): 1671, 1343, 1152. C25H29N2O3S+ [M + H+] m/z: 437.1893, found 437.1902.

3.3.3. N-Methyl-2-(N-methyl-N-phenylsulfamoyl)-N-phenylacetamide (7e)

Colorless crystals, m.p. 86−88 °C. 6.29 g, 74% yield. Rf = 0.11 (silica gel plate, EA:PE = 1:5, v/v). 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.60–7.56 (m, 2H), 7.45–7.32 (m, 5H), 7.31–7.23 (m, 3H), 3.78 (s, 2H), 3.46 (s, 3H), 3.34 (s, 3H). 13C-NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 162.5, 142.8, 141.0, 130.1, 129.3, 128.6, 127.6, 127.4, 127.4, 52.1, 40.2, 37.8. IR (CH2Cl2, cm−1): 1658, 1382, 1180. HRMS (ESI) calcd for C16H18N2NaO3S+ [M + Na+] m/z: 341.0930, found 341.0939.

3.3.4. N-Methyl-N-phenyl-2-(N,N-diphenylsulfamoyl)acetamide (7f)

Green crystals, m.p. 130−131 °C, 2.85 g, 30% yield. Rf = 0.10 (silica gel plate, EA:PE = 1:5, v/v). 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.57 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 4H), 7.42–7.35 (m, 7H), 7.30 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 7.26 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 4.07 (s, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H). 13C-NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 161.5, 142.7, 141.0, 130.0, 129.3, 128.6, 128.5, 127.5, 127.5, 77.3, 77.0, 76.7, 53.6, 37.9. IR (CH2Cl2, cm−1):1659, 1356, 1155. HRMS (ESI) calcd for C21H21N2O3S+ [M + H+] m/z: 381.1267, found 381.1263.

3.3.5. 2-(N-Methyl-N-phenylsulfamoyl)-N,N-diphenylacetamide (7g)

Yellow crystals, m.p. 165−166 °C. 8.38 g, 88% yield. Rf = 0.13 (silica gel plate, EA:PE = 1:5, v/v). 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.60 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.47–7.17 (m, 13H), 3.96 (s, 2H), 3.48 (s, 3H). 13C-NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 162.8, 141.9, 140.9, 130.1, 129.3, 129.2, 128.6, 127.68, 127.5, 127.0, 126.4, 77.3, 77.0, 76.7, 52.9, 40.4. IR (CH2Cl2, cm−1): 1668, 1351, 1148. HRMS (ESI) calcd for C21H21N2O3S+ [M + H+] m/z: 381.1267, found 381.1263.

3.3.6. N,N-Diphenyl-2-(N,N-diphenylsulfamoyl)acetamide (7h)

Blue crystals, m.p. 199−200 °C. 7.96 g, 72% yield. Rf = 0.31 (silica gel plate, EA:PE = 1:3, v/v). 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.59 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 4H, ArH), 7.40–7.17 (m, 16H, ArH), 4.21 (s, 2H). 13C-NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 161.9, 142.0, 141.9, 140.8, 130.0, 129.3, 129.2, 128.9, 128.8, 128.6, 127.7, 127.0, 126.5, 54.4. IR (CH2Cl2, cm−1): 1669, 1357, 1159. HRMS (ESI) calcd for C26H23N2O3S+ [M + H+] m/z: 443.1424, found 443.1419.

3.4. General Procedure for the Synthesis of 2-Diazo-2-sulfamoylacetamides 1

The corresponding 2-sulfamoylacetamide 7 (3 mmol) was dissolved in 24 mL of dry MeCN with 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl azide (699 mg, 3.06 mmol). The resulting solution was cooled to 0 °C. DBU (684 mg, 0.69 mL, 4.5 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was warmed up to room temperature and stirred for 2 h. After removal of solvent under reduced pressure, the crude product was purified on silica gel column (EA:PE = 1:10, v/v) to yield the pure 2-diazo-2-sulfamoylacetamides 1.

3.4.1. 2-Diazo-N,N-dimethyl-2-(N,N-diphenylsulfamoyl)acetamide (1b)

Yellow crystals, m.p. 107−108 °C. Rf = 0.16 (silica gel plate, EA:PE = 1:5, v/v). 966 mg, 88% yield. 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.64 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.45–7.25 (m, 4H), 7.37–7.27 (m, 4H), 4.00 (s, 3H), 3.52 (s, 3H). 13C-NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 162.8, 141.9, 130.1, 129.3, 128.6, 127.68, 127.5, 127.0, 126.4, 52.9, 40.4. IR (CH2Cl2, cm−1): 2097, 1641, 1357, 1143. HRMS (ESI) calcd for C16H16N4NaO3S+ [M + Na+] m/z: 367.0835, found 367.0840.

3.4.2. 2-(N-Benzyl-N-butylsulfamoyl)-2-diazo-N-methyl-N-phenyl acetamide (1c)

Yellow crystals, m.p. 108−110 °C. 540 mg, 45% yield. Rf = 0.33 (silica gel plate, EA:PE = 1:5, v/v). 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.46–7.21 (m, 10H), 4.59 (s, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.32 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.46–1.38 (m, 2H), 1.46–1.38 (m, 2H), 1.26–1.16 (m, 2H), 0.80 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 3H). 13C-NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 159.5, 142.3, 137.0, 130.3, 128.5, 128.5, 128.1, 127.6, 126.5, 53.5, 49.6, 38.3, 30.3, 19.8, 13.6. IR (CH2Cl2, cm−1): 2093, 1642, 1347, 1149. HRMS (ESI) calcd for C20H25N4O3S+ [M + H+] m/z: 401.1642, found 401.1654.

3.4.3. 2-(N-Benzyl-N-butylsulfamoyl)-2-diazo-N,N-diphenyl acetamide (1d)

Yellow oil, Rf = 0.58 (silica gel plate, EA:PE = 1:5, v/v). 693 mg, 50% yield. 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.45–7.24 (m, 15H), 4.62 (s, 2H), 3.41 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.54–1.46 (m, 2H), 1.32–1.23 (m, 2H), 0.86 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 3H). 13C-NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ C (101 MHz, CDCl3) 160.2, 141.9, 136.9, 129.8, 128.5, 128.1, 127.7, 127.5, 126.8, 53.4, 49.6, 30.3, 19.9, 13.7. IR (CH2Cl2, cm−1): 2103, 1612, 1343, 1148. HRMS (ESI) calcd for C25H27N4O3S+ [M + H+] m/z: 463.1798, found 463.1796.

3.4.4. 2-Diazo-N-methyl-2-(N-methyl-N-phenylsulfamoyl)-N-phenylacetamide (1e)

Yellow crystals, m.p. 107−108 °C. 966 mg, 88% yield. Rf = 0.16 (silica gel plate, EA:PE = 1:5, v/v). 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.50–7.44 (m, 2H), 7.43–7.36 (m, 2H), 7.37–7.27 (m, 4H), 7.08–7.02 (m, 2H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.34 (s, 3H). 13C-NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 159.4, 142.2, 140.8, 130.2, 129.3, 128.3, 127.6, 126.3, 126.3, 40.4, 38.3. IR (CH2Cl2, cm−1): 2097, 1641, 1357, 1143. HRMS (ESI) calcd for C16H16N4NaO3S+ [M + Na+] m/z: 367.0835, found 367.0840.

3.4.5. 2-Diazo-N-methyl-N-phenyl-2-(N,N-diphenylsulfamoyl)acetamide (1f)

Yellow crystals, m.p. 127−128 °C. 316 mg, 26% yield. Rf = 0.30 (silica gel plate, EA:PE = 1:5, v/v). 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.41 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 4H), 7.38–7.29 (m, 9H), 6.89–6.86 (m, 2H), 3.33 (s, 3H). 13C-NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 158.3, 142.2, 140.9, 130.3, 129.4, 128.4, 128.2, 127.5, 126.2, 38.4. IR (CH2Cl2, cm−1): 2102, 1642, 1355, 1162. HRMS (ESI) calcd for C21H19N4O3S+ [M + H+] m/z: 407.1172, found 407.1165.

3.4.6. 2-Diazo-2-(N-methyl-N-phenylsulfamoyl)-N,N-diphenylacetamide (1g)

Yellow crystals, m.p. 127−128 °C. 731 mg, 60% yield. Rf = 0.26 (silica gel plate, EA:PE = 1:5, v/v). 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.51 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.45 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.40–7.29 (m, 5H), 7.25 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.06 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 4H), 3.57 (s, 3H). 13C-NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 160.0, 141.7, 140.8, 129.8, 129.4, 127.6, 127.4, 126.7, 126.1, 40.4. IR (CH2Cl2, cm−1): 2099, 1650, 1354, 1144. HRMS (ESI) calcd for C21H19N4O3S+ [M + H+] m/z: 407.1172, found 407.1174.

3.4.7. 2-Diazo-N,N-diphenyl-2-(N,N-diphenylsulfamoyl)acetamide (1h)

Yellow crystals, m.p. 178−180 °C. 913 mg, 65% yield. Rf = 0.60 (silica gel plate, EA:PE = 1:3, v/v). 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.64 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 4H, ArH), 7.39 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 4H, ArH), 7.35–7.20 (m, 8H, ArH), 6.93 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 4H, ArH). 13C-NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 158.7, 141.8, 140.7, 129.8, 129.4, 128.4, 127.6, 127.3, 126.6. IR (CH2Cl2, cm−1): 2104, 1656, 1350, 1155. HRMS (ESI) calcd for C26H21N4O3S+ [M + H+] m/z: 469.1329, found 469.1329.

3.5. General Procedure for the Reaction of 2-Diazo-2-sulfamoylacetamides 1

To a suspension of Cu(acac)2 (2 mol%, 13 mg, 0.01 mmol) in 10 mL of toluene, the corresponding diazosulfamoylacetamide 1 (0.5 mmol) was added, and the mixture was refluxed for 9 h. After removal of solvent under reduced pressure, the crude reaction mixture was purified on silica gel column (PE:EA = 10:1, v/v) to afford the desired product 2 and/or 3.

3.5.1. N,N-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxido-1-phenyl-1,3-dihydrobenzo[c]isothiazole-3-carboxamide (2b)

Colorless crystals, 142 mg, 90% yield, m.p. 86−88 °C, Rf = 0.10 (silica gel plate, EA:PE = 1:5, v/v). 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.54–7.40 (m, 5H), 7.34–7.21 (m, 2H), 7.09 (td, J = 7.6, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 6.65 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.53 (s, 1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.10 (s, 3H). 13C-NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 161.8, 141.8, 133.6, 130.0, 129.1, 128.4, 126.8, 123.0, 119.8, 111.9, 63.2, 37.9, 36.7. IR (KBr, cm−1): 1656, 1332, 1160. HRMS (ESI) calcd for C16H17N2O3S+ [M + H+] m/z: 317.0954, found 317.0953.

3.5.2. N-Benzyl-N-butyl-2-oxo-1-methylindoline-3-sulfonamide (3c)

Yellow oil, 142 mg, 76% yield, Rf = 0.18 (silica gel plate, EA:PE = 1:5, v/v). 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.65 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.41–7.27 (m, 6H), 7.13 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 4.84 (s, 1H), 4.63 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.39 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 3.47–3.34 (m, 1H), 3.23 (s, 3H), 3.20–3.10 (m, 1H), 1.44–1.32 (m, 2H), 1.19–1.09 (m, 2H), 0.79 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H). 13C-NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 167.7, 144.8, 138.3, 136.6, 130.2, 128.5, 128.2, 127.7, 126.7, 123.2, 119.6, 108.5, 65.5, 52.8, 48.7, 30.3, 26.6, 19.8, 13.6. IR (CH2Cl2, cm−1): 1721, 1372, 1343, 1148. HRMS (ESI) calcd for C20H25N2O3S+ [M + H+] m/z: 373.1580, found 373.1584.

3.5.3. N-Benzyl-N-butyl-2-oxo-1-phenylindoline-3-sulfonamide (3d)

Yellow oil, Rf = 0.18 (silica gel plate, EA:PE = 1:5, v/v). 184 mg, 85% yield. 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.74 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.51–7.39 (m, 5H), 7.39–7.27 (m, 4H), 7.20 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 5.02 (s, 1H), 4.74 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.46 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 3.54–3.44 (m, 1H), 3.30–3.19 (m, 1H), 1.57–1.39 (m, 2H), 1.34–1.13 (m, 2H), 0.82 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H). 13C-NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 167.4, 145.0, 136.6, 133.7, 130.1, 129.8, 128.6, 128.6, 128.2, 127.7, 127.0, 126.6, 123.7, 119.5, 109.8, 65.7, 53.1, 48.8, 30.3, 19.8, 13.6. IR (CH2Cl2, cm−1): 1724, 1372, 1346, 1148. HRMS (ESI) calcd for C25H27N2O3S+ [M + H+] m/z: 435.1737, found 435.1740.

3.5.4. N,1-Dimethyl-2-oxo-N-phenylindoline-3-sulfonamide (3e)

Colorless crystals, m.p. 127−128 °C. 84 mg, 53% yield. Rf = 0.14 (silica gel plate, EA:PE = 1:5, v/v). 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.69–7.63 (m, 2H), 7.50 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.38–7.31 (m, 2H), 7.07 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.88 (s, 1H), 3.52 (s, 3H), 3.25 (s, 3H). 13C-NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 167.8, 144.9, 140.8, 130.2, 129.5, 128.0, 127.9, 126.7, 123.3, 119.1, 108.5, 63.3, 41.5, 26.6. IR (CH2Cl2, cm−1): 1720, 1372, 1348, 1146. HRMS (ESI) calcd for C16H17N2O3S+ [M + H+] m/z: 317.0954, found 317.0959.
The reaction of 2-diazo-2-sulfamoylacetamide 1a gave rise to inseparable isomeric products 2f and 3f with very similar polarity under the same reaction conditions. Their yields were obtained on the basis of 1H NMR analysis. Their melting point is the melting point of the isomeric mixture.

3.5.5. N-Methyl-2,2-dioxido-N,1-diphenyl-1,3-dihydrobenzo[c]isothiazole-3-carboxamide (2f)

Colorless crystals, 28 mg, 15% yield, m.p. 115−117 °C, Rf = 0.18 (silica gel plate, EA:PE = 1:5, v/v). 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.63–7.62 (m, 2H), 7.50–7.48 (m, 4H), 7.34–7.21 (m, 2H), 7.09 (td, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.01 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 3H), 6.72 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.72 (s, 1H), 3.05 (s, 3H). HRMS (ESI) calcd for C21H19N2O3S+ [M + H+] m/z: 379.1111, found 379.1107.

3.5.6. 1-Methyl-2-oxo-N,N-diphenylindoline-3-sulfonamide (3f)

Colorless crystals, 83 mg, 44% yield, m.p. 115−117 °C. Rf = 0.18 (silica gel plate, EA:PE = 1:5, v/v). 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.58 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.52 – 7.46 (m, 1H), 7.43–7.21 (m, 10H), 7.09 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.05 (s, 1H), 3.21 (s, 3H). 13C-NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 166.7, 144.9, 140.9, 130.4, 129.8, 129.3, 129.2, 129.1, 128.4, 127.8, 127.1, 123.2, 123.1, 118.9, 108.5, 63.6, 26.7. IR (CH2Cl2, cm−1): 1722, 1369, 1144. HRMS (ESI) calcd for C21H19N2O3S+ [M + H+] m/z: 379.1111, found 379.1107.

3.5.7. N-Methyl-2-oxo-N,1-diphenylindoline-3-sulfonamide (3g)

Colorless crystals, m.p. 127−129 °C. 98 mg, 52% yield. Rf = 0.26 (silica gel plate, EA:PE = 1:5, v/v). 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.71 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.61–7.51 (m, 3H), 7.50–7.40 (m, 5H), 7.40–7.32 (m, 1H), 7.32–7.22 (m, 1H), 7.10 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (s, 1H), 3.55 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 167.5, 145.2, 140.8, 133.7, 130.1, 129.8, 129.6, 128.7, 128.1, 128.1, 127.0, 126.6, 123.7, 119.0, 109.8, 63.5, 41.7. IR (CH2Cl2, cm−1): 1724, 1348, 1146. HRMS (ESI) calcd for C21H19N2O3S+ [M + H+] m/z: 379.1111, found 379.1107.

3.5.8. 2-Oxo-N,N,1-triphenylindoline-3-sulfonamide (3h)

Colorless crystals, m.p. 68–70 °C. 106 mg, 48% yield. Rf = 0.24 (silica gel plate, EA:PE = 1:5, v/v). 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.81 (d, J = 7.5, 1H), 7.51–7.40 (m, 4H), 7.40–7.27 (m, 4H), 7.21–7.04 (m, 6H), 6.84 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.62 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.26 (s, 1H), 5.03 (s, 1H). 13C-NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 166.5, 149.7, 145.0, 139.7, 133.6, 131.7, 130.4, 129.7, 129.6, 128.6, 127.5, 126.4, 124.8, 124.2, 123.5, 121.4, 118.7, 113.8, 109.6, 69.0. IR (CH2Cl2, cm−1): 1722, 1372, 1369, 1140. HRMS (ESI) calcd for C26H21N2O3S+ [M + H+] m/z: 441.1267, found 441.1266.
1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra of unknown compounds 1, 2, 3, and 7 are included in The Supplementary Materials.

4. Conclusions

The intramolecular C-H insertions of carbenes derived from different diazosulfamoylacetamides were studied. The results reveal that the aromatic 1,5-C-H insertion can occur on the N-phenylsulfonamides only when they have no N-phenyl group on their acetamide. No aliphatic C-H insertions were observed for diazo(N,N-dialkylsulfamoyl)acetamides. The intramolecular competitive aromatic 1,5-C-H insertion of N-aryl-2-(N-arylsulfamoyl)-2-diazoacetamides occurs on the N-phenylacetamides predominantly rather than the phenyl group of N-phenylsulfonamides. The chemoselectivity is controlled by the electron density of the phenyl group and affected by the steric hindrance. The aromatic 1,5-C-H insertion occurs on the more electron-rich N-phenyl group because the key step (i.e, rate-determining step) is electrophilic attack (Frediel–Craft alkylation).

Supplementary Materials

Copies of 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra of unknown compounds 1, 2, 3, and 7 are included in the Supporting Information

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, J.X.; methodology, Z.Y.; validation, C.Q., P.H, Z.Y, N.C. and J.X.; formal analysis, N.C.; investigation, C.Q. and P.H.; data curation, N.C.; writing—original draft preparation, Z.Y.; writing—review and editing, J.X.; visualization, J.X.; supervision, J.X.; project administration, J.X.; funding acquisition, J.X.

Funding

This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number 21572017, 21772010, and 21911530099 and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, grant number XK1802-6, and The APC was funded by MDPI.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds 2 and 3 are available from the authors.
Molecules 24 02628 sch001 550
Scheme 1. Intramolecular carbene C-H insertion reactions of diazoacetamide derivatives and acyl diazomethanesulfonamides.
Scheme 1. Intramolecular carbene C-H insertion reactions of diazoacetamide derivatives and acyl diazomethanesulfonamides.
Molecules 24 02628 sch001
Molecules 24 02628 sch002 550
Scheme 2. Synthesis of 2-diazo-2-sulfamoylacetamides.
Scheme 2. Synthesis of 2-diazo-2-sulfamoylacetamides.
Molecules 24 02628 sch002
Molecules 24 02628 sch003 550
Scheme 3. Proposed mechanism for the intramolecular aromatic 1,5-C-H insertion of diazosulfamoylacetamides 1.
Scheme 3. Proposed mechanism for the intramolecular aromatic 1,5-C-H insertion of diazosulfamoylacetamides 1.
Molecules 24 02628 sch003
Table
Table 1. Synthesis of 2-diazo-2-sulfamoylacetamides 1.
Table 1. Synthesis of 2-diazo-2-sulfamoylacetamides 1.
EntryR1R2R3R4Yield (%)
571
aMeMeMePh90--
bMeMePhPh 2516
cMePhBuBn905945
dPhPhBuBn962850
eMePhMePh907488
fMePhPhPh 3026
gPhPhMePh968860
hPhPhPhPh 7265
Table
Table 2. Intramolecular carbene C-H insertions of diazosulfamoylacetamides 1 a.
Table 2. Intramolecular carbene C-H insertions of diazosulfamoylacetamides 1 a.
Molecules 24 02628 i001
Molecules 24 02628 i002
a Reactions were conducted on a 0.5 mmol scale in 10 mL of toluene. The yields were obtained by chromatography on silica gel.

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Que, C.; Huang, P.; Yang, Z.; Chen, N.; Xu, J. Intramolecular Carbene C-H Insertion Reactions of 2-Diazo-2-sulfamoylacetamides. Molecules 2019, 24, 2628. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24142628

AMA Style

Que C, Huang P, Yang Z, Chen N, Xu J. Intramolecular Carbene C-H Insertion Reactions of 2-Diazo-2-sulfamoylacetamides. Molecules. 2019; 24(14):2628. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24142628

Chicago/Turabian Style

Que, Chuqiang, Peipei Huang, Zhanhui Yang, Ning Chen, and Jiaxi Xu. 2019. "Intramolecular Carbene C-H Insertion Reactions of 2-Diazo-2-sulfamoylacetamides" Molecules 24, no. 14: 2628. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24142628

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