Insulin Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) Causes Overproduction of IL-8, an Angiogenic Cytokine and Stimulates Neovascularization in Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Heart Weight
2.2. CK-MB
2.3. LDH
2.4. IGF-1
2.5. IL-8
2.6. Histopathological Changes
3. Discussion
4. Experimental Section
4.1. Chemicals
4.2 Animals
- Group 1—Control group: 5 days
- Group 2—Control group: 10 days
- Group 3—IGF-1 alone: 5 days
- Group 4—IGF-1 alone: 10 days
- Group 5—ISO alone: 5 days
- Group 6—ISO alone: 10 days
- Group 7—ISO with IGF-1: 5 days
- Group 8—ISO with IGF-1: 10 days
4.3 Biochemical Assay
4.3.1. Cardiac Biomarker Assay
4.3.2. LDH Assay
4.3.3. IGF-1 Assay
4.3.4. IL-8 Assay
4.4. Histopathological Analysis
4.5. Statistical Analyses
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
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Groups | Heart Weight (g) |
---|---|
Control: 5 days | 0.263 ± 0.040 |
Control: 10 days | 0.237 ± 0.081 |
IGF-1 alone: 5 days | 0.352 ± 0.033 x |
IGF-1 alone: 10 days | 0.333 ± 0.092 a,♦ |
Isoproterenol: 5 days | 0.349 ±0.051 x |
Isoproterenol: 10 days | 0.317 ±0.037 a,b,♦ |
ISO + IGF-1: 5 days | 0.378 ± 0.023 x,y,z |
ISO + IGF-1: 10 days | 0.394 ± 0.052 a,b,c,♦ |
Groups | CK-MB (ng/mL) | LDH (IU/L) |
---|---|---|
Control: 5 days | 2.456 ± 0.021 | 23.182 ± 1.872 |
Control: 10 days | 3.003 ± 0.055 ♦ | 24.363 ± 1.830 |
IGF-1 alone: 5 days | 3.632 ± 0.061 x | 29.111 ± 1.770 x |
IGF-1 alone: 10 days | 3.776 ± 0.042 a | 31.300 ± 2.991 a |
Isoproterenol: 5 days | 5.832 ± 0.059 x,y | 65.767 ± 2.003 x,y |
Isoproterenol: 10 days | 5. 692 ± 0.092 a,b,♦ | 79.605 ± 2.600 a,b,♦ |
ISO + IGF-1: 5 days | 3.823 ± 0.066 x,y,z | 39.993 ± 1.446 x,y,z |
ISO + IGF-1: 10 days | 3.727 ± 0.052 a,c | 42.550 ± 2.001 a,b,c |
Groups | IGF-1 (ng/mL) | IL-8 (pg/mL) |
---|---|---|
Control: 5 days | 3.666 ± 0.234 | 65.004 ± 0.894 |
Control: 10 days | 3.529 ± 0.564 | 70.523 ± 0.777 |
IGF-1 alone: 5 days | 6.873 ± 0.077 x | 78.865 ± 0.538 x |
IGF-1 alone: 10 days | 7.666 ± 0.058 a,♦ | 82.566 ± 0.662 a,♦ |
Isoproterenol: 5 days | 5.143 ± 0.196 x,y | 89.228 ± 0.009 x,y |
Isoproterenol: 10 days | 6.624 ± 0.404 a,b,♦ | 93.046 ± 0.504 a,b,♦ |
ISO + IGF-1: 5 days | 7.836 ± 0.950 x,z | 103.613 ± 0.442 x,y,z |
ISO + IGF-1: 10 days | 8.802 ± 0.773 a,b,c,♦ | 106.353 ± 0.770 a,b,c,♦ |
Groups | Myocyte Necrosis | Nuclear Pyknosis | Vascular Proliferation | Macrophage Activity | Scar Formation | Muscle Hypertrophy |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control: 5 days | − | − | − | − | − | − |
Control: 10 days | − | − | − | − | − | − |
IGF-1 alone: 5 days | − | − | + | − | − | + |
IGF-1 alone: 10 days | − | − | + | − | − | + |
Isoproterenol: 5 days | +++ | ++ | − | + | ++ | ++ |
Isoproterenol: 10 days | +++ | ++ | + | ++ | +++ | ++ |
ISO + IGF-1: 5 days | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | + | ++ |
ISO + IGF-1: 10 days | ++ | + | +++ | +++ | ++ | ++ |
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Haleagrahara, N.; Chakravarthi, S.; Mathews, L. Insulin Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) Causes Overproduction of IL-8, an Angiogenic Cytokine and Stimulates Neovascularization in Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2011, 12, 8562-8574. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12128562
Haleagrahara N, Chakravarthi S, Mathews L. Insulin Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) Causes Overproduction of IL-8, an Angiogenic Cytokine and Stimulates Neovascularization in Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2011; 12(12):8562-8574. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12128562
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaleagrahara, Nagaraja, Srikumar Chakravarthi, and Lisa Mathews. 2011. "Insulin Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) Causes Overproduction of IL-8, an Angiogenic Cytokine and Stimulates Neovascularization in Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 12, no. 12: 8562-8574. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12128562