Optimization of Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Three Major Acetophenones from Cynanchum bungei Using a Box-Behnken Design
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Selection of Variables
2.2. Model Fitting
2.3. Analysis of Response Surface
2.4. Optimization of Extraction Parameters and Validation of the Model
2.5. Comparison of Different Extraction Techniques
2.6. Validation of the HPLC Method
3. Experimental
3.1. Plant Material
3.2. Chemicals and Reagents
3.3. Pressurized Liquid Extraction
3.4. HRE
3.5. SE
3.6. HPLC Analysis of Acetophenones
3.7. Response Surface Modeling
3.8. Data Analysis
4. Conclusions
References
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Run | Coded variables levels | Yield of acetophenones (μg/g) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
X1, ethanol (%) | X2, time (min) | X3, temperature (°C) | Actual values | Predicted values | |
1 | 30 | 8 | 140 | 850.4 | 850.5 |
2 | 100 | 8 | 140 | 772.8 | 771.3 |
3 | 30 | 20 | 140 | 665.4 | 666.9 |
4 | 100 | 20 | 140 | 848.8 | 848.7 |
5 | 30 | 14 | 100 | 812.3 | 804.4 |
6 | 100 | 14 | 100 | 844.4 | 838.1 |
7 | 30 | 14 | 180 | 732.4 | 738.7 |
8 | 100 | 14 | 180 | 799.6 | 807.5 |
9 | 65 | 8 | 100 | 774.2 | 782.0 |
10 | 65 | 20 | 100 | 795.6 | 802.0 |
11 | 65 | 8 | 180 | 813.3 | 806.9 |
12 | 65 | 20 | 180 | 688.7 | 680.9 |
13 | 65 | 14 | 140 | 846.5 | 856.7 |
14 | 65 | 14 | 140 | 857.8 | 856.7 |
15 | 65 | 14 | 140 | 858.5 | 856.7 |
16 | 65 | 14 | 140 | 860.3 | 856.7 |
17 | 65 | 14 | 140 | 860.4 | 856.7 |
Source | SS | DF | MS | F-value | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | 58991.25 | 9 | 6554.58 | 83.52 | <0.0001 | significant |
Residual | 549.33 | 7 | 78.48 | |||
Lack of fit | 414.19 | 3 | 138.06 | 4.09 | 0.1037 | insignificant |
Experimental error | 135.14 | 4 | 33.79 |
Variables | DF | SS | MS | F-values | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
X1 | 1 | 5258.25 | 5258.25 | 67.01 | <0.0001 |
X2 | 1 | 5628.61 | 5628.61 | 71.72 | <0.0001 |
X3 | 1 | 4632.03 | 4632.03 | 59.03 | 0.0001 |
X1X2 | 1 | 17030.25 | 17030.25 | 217.01 | <0.0001 |
X1X3 | 1 | 308.00 | 308.00 | 3.92 | 0.0880 |
X2X3 | 1 | 5329.00 | 5329.00 | 67.90 | <0.0001 |
X12 | 1 | 1957.65 | 1957.65 | 24.95 | 0.0016 |
X22 | 1 | 10860.51 | 10860.51 | 138.39 | <0.0001 |
X32 | 1 | 6068.01 | 6068.01 | 77.32 | <0.0001 |
Ethanol (%) | Extraction time (min) | Temperature (°C) | Yield of acetophenones (μg/g) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Optimum conditions | 100 | 17.29 | 121.39 | 874.9 (predicted) |
Modified conditions | 100 | 17.00 | 120.00 | 877.8 ± 21.11 (actual) |
© 2012 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
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Li, W.; Zhao, L.-C.; Sun, Y.-S.; Lei, F.-J.; Wang, Z.; Gui, X.-B.; Wang, H. Optimization of Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Three Major Acetophenones from Cynanchum bungei Using a Box-Behnken Design. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13, 14533-14544. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms131114533
Li W, Zhao L-C, Sun Y-S, Lei F-J, Wang Z, Gui X-B, Wang H. Optimization of Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Three Major Acetophenones from Cynanchum bungei Using a Box-Behnken Design. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2012; 13(11):14533-14544. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms131114533
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Wei, Li-Chun Zhao, Yin-Shi Sun, Feng-Jie Lei, Zi Wang, Xiong-Bin Gui, and Hui Wang. 2012. "Optimization of Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Three Major Acetophenones from Cynanchum bungei Using a Box-Behnken Design" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 13, no. 11: 14533-14544. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms131114533
APA StyleLi, W., Zhao, L. -C., Sun, Y. -S., Lei, F. -J., Wang, Z., Gui, X. -B., & Wang, H. (2012). Optimization of Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Three Major Acetophenones from Cynanchum bungei Using a Box-Behnken Design. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 13(11), 14533-14544. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms131114533