Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors A2 and A6 are Expressed in Avian Macrophages and Modulate Cytokine Production by Activating Multiple Signaling Pathways
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Cloning and Identification of Chicken LILRA2 and LILRA6
2.2. Distribution of LILRA2 and LILRA6 Transcripts in Normal Tissues and Cells
2.3. Chicken LILRA2 and LILRA6 Binding with MHC Class I
2.4. Chicken LILRA2 and LILRA6 are Associated with Phosphorylation of Src and SHP2
2.5. Chicken LILRA2 and LILRA6 Activate the JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway
2.6. Chicken LILRA2 and LILRA6 Activate NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways
2.7. Chicken LILRA2 and LILRA6 Induce Cytokine Production
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Reagents and Antibodies
4.2. Cloning and Sequencing Analysis of Chicken LILRA2 and LILRA6
4.3. Chicken Tissues and Cell Culture
4.4. Vector Construction and Cell Transfection
4.5. Cytotoxicity Test
4.6. Flow Cytometry
4.7. Immunoprecipitation and Western Blotting
4.8. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
4.9. RNA Extraction and cDNA Synthesis
4.10. Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR)
4.11. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
NKs | natural killer cells |
JAK | Janus kinase |
STAT | signal transducer and activator of transcription |
IL | interleukin |
TNF | tumor necrosis factor |
RT | reverse transcription |
TYK2 | tyrosine kinase 2 |
TGFβ | transforming growth factor beta |
SH2 | Src homology 2-containing tyrosine phosphatase 2 |
NF-κB | nuclear factor kappa B |
TAK1 | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 |
MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinases |
Erk | Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase |
PI3K | Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase |
JNK | C-Jun N-Terminal Kinase |
LILR | leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor |
ITAMs | immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs |
FcRγ | Fc receptor γ |
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Genes | Species | LILRA2 | LILRA6 | LILRA2 | LILRA6 | LILRA2 | LILRA6 | LILRA2 | LILRA6 | LILRA2 | LILRA6 | GenBank Acc |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chicken | Human | Monkey | Chimpanzee | Pig | ||||||||
LILRA2 | Chicken | 50.08 | 38.97 | 39.50 | 27.86 | 39.15 | 38.97 | 38.97 | 55.37 | 39.15 | XP_004949869 | |
LILRA6 | 66.13 | 47.08 | 48.32 | 36.68 | 46.20 | 46.56 | 47.44 | 59.78 | 46.91 | XP_003643922 | ||
LILRA2 | Human | 20.81 | 28.57 | 83.77 | 78.83 | 78.13 | 98.58 | 83.42 | 59.25 | 78.48 | NP_001124389 | |
LILRA6 | 20.45 | 28.57 | 72.83 | 71.25 | 83.77 | 83.24 | 94.53 | 60.14 | 82.36 | NP_077294 | ||
LILRA2 | Monkey | 19.70 | 17.81 | 70.37 | 58.02 | 68.95 | 78.13 | 70.54 | 46.03 | 65.25 | NP_001035761 | |
LILRA6 | 20.98 | 27.33 | 67.54 | 75.66 | 55.55 | 78.13 | 83.95 | 56.26 | 76.54 | NP_001035764 | ||
LILRA2 | Chimpanzee | 20.45 | 28.74 | 96.64 | 73.01 | 70.37 | 67.54 | 83.24 | 59.08 | 77.95 | XP_009434592 | |
LILRA6 | 20.81 | 28.39 | 73.19 | 90.82 | 56.96 | 76.89 | 73.36 | 61.19 | 81.83 | NP_001009056 | ||
LILRA2 | Pig | 37.56 | 44.26 | 45.50 | 46.73 | 31.04 | 43.03 | 45.14 | 47.26 | 64.02 | XP_013846133 | |
LILRA6 | 20.63 | 26.63 | 63.49 | 69.31 | 50.08 | 63.49 | 64.02 | 69.48 | 49.91 | XP_003134221 |
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Truong, A.D.; Rengaraj, D.; Hong, Y.; Tran, H.T.T.; Dang, H.V.; Nguyen, V.K.; Lillehoj, H.S.; Hong, Y.H. Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors A2 and A6 are Expressed in Avian Macrophages and Modulate Cytokine Production by Activating Multiple Signaling Pathways. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 2710. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092710
Truong AD, Rengaraj D, Hong Y, Tran HTT, Dang HV, Nguyen VK, Lillehoj HS, Hong YH. Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors A2 and A6 are Expressed in Avian Macrophages and Modulate Cytokine Production by Activating Multiple Signaling Pathways. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(9):2710. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092710
Chicago/Turabian StyleTruong, Anh Duc, Deivendran Rengaraj, Yeojin Hong, Ha Thi Thanh Tran, Hoang Vu Dang, Viet Khong Nguyen, Hyun S. Lillehoj, and Yeong Ho Hong. 2018. "Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors A2 and A6 are Expressed in Avian Macrophages and Modulate Cytokine Production by Activating Multiple Signaling Pathways" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 9: 2710. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092710