Assessment of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) Models of Multiple Sclerosis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Spinal Cord
2.2. Jaw Muscle
2.3. Liver
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animals
4.2. EAE Induction
4.3. Sample Collection
4.4. Storage and Transport
4.5. Tissue Homogenization
4.6. Enzymatic Determinations
4.7. Lowry Total Protein Assay
4.8. Stastical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ADJ | Adjuvant |
ATP | Adenosine Triphosphate |
BBB | Blood–Brain Barrier |
CD | Cluster of Differentiation |
CFA | Complete Freund’s Adjuvant |
CNS | Central Nervous System |
CS | Citrate Synthase |
DPI | Days Post First Immunisation |
EAE | Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis |
GM-CSF | Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor |
IFA | Incomplete Freund’s Adjuvant |
IFN | Interferon |
IL | Interlukin |
KCN | Potassium Cyanide |
MOG | Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein |
MRC | Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain |
MS | Multiple Sclerosis |
MTB | Mycobacterium Tuberculosis |
mtDNA | Mitochondrial DNA |
NADH | (Reduced) Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide |
NADPH | (Reduced) Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate |
nDNA | Nuclear DNA |
RNS | Reactive Nitrogen Species |
RNSROS | Reactive Oxygen Species |
TCA | Tricarboxylic acid cycle |
TH | T-helper |
TNF-α | Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha |
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Ng, X.; Sadeghian, M.; Heales, S.; Hargreaves, I.P. Assessment of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) Models of Multiple Sclerosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 4975. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20204975
Ng X, Sadeghian M, Heales S, Hargreaves IP. Assessment of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) Models of Multiple Sclerosis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(20):4975. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20204975
Chicago/Turabian StyleNg, Xiulin, Mona Sadeghian, Simon Heales, and Iain P. Hargreaves. 2019. "Assessment of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) Models of Multiple Sclerosis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 20: 4975. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20204975