Low Serum Melatonin Levels Prior to Liver Transplantation in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma are Associated with Lower Survival after Liver Transplantation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Methods and Materials
4.1. Design and Patients
4.2. Variables
4.3. Determination of Serum Levels of Melatonin, Malondialdehyde, and Total Antoioxidant Capacity
4.4. Statistical Methods
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AFP | alpha-fetoprotein |
HCC | hepatocellular carcinoma |
LT | liver transplantation |
MELD | model for end-stage liver disease |
References
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1 Year Non-Surviving Patients (n = 16) | 1 Year Surviving Patients (n = 129) | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Serum TAC (nmol/mL)—median (p 25–75) | 2.88 (2.29–4.00) | 4.20 (3.40–5.02) | 0.001 |
Serum melatonin (pg/mL)—median (p 25–75) | 2.51 (2.13–3.34) | 4.59 (2.73–6.89) | 0.001 |
Serum malondialheyde (nmol/mL)—median (p 25–75) | 3.71 (3.40–5.66) | 2.96 (2.29–4.18) | 0.01 |
Serum alpha-fetoprotein (ng/dL)—median (p 25–75) | 11.0 (4.0–194.0) | 7.0 (3.7–25.2) | 0.44 |
Protein (g/dL)—median (p 25–75) | 7.10 (5.80–7.65) | 6.70 (6.10–7.10) | 0.64 |
Nodules size (cm)—median (p 25–75) | 3.5 (1.7–5.0) | 3.0 (2.0–3.5) | 0.41 |
MELD score—median (p 25–75) | 15 (12–18) | 15 (12–18) | 0.95 |
Leukocytes count—median × 103/mm3 (p 25–75) | 4.89 (3.68–7.76) | 4.75 (3.51–6.36) | 0.68 |
Creatinine (mg/dL)—median (p 25–75) | 1.01 (0.79–1.10) | 0.90 (0.79–1.06) | 0.37 |
BMI (kg/m2)—median (p 25–75) | 28.53 (24.07–31.39) | 27.66 (24.55–30.48) | 0.53 |
Albumin (g/dL)—median (p 25–75) | 3.47 (3.00–3.94) | 3.32 (2.90–4.06) | 0.83 |
Age of liver recipient (years)—median (p 25–75) | 57 (53–63) | 58 (52–62) | 0.76 |
Age of liver donor (years)—median (p 25–75) | 62 (50–72) | 52 (36–63) | 0.03 |
Female—n (%) | 0 | 19 (14.7) | 0.13 |
Ascites—n (%) | 3 (18.8) | 55 (42.6) | 0.10 |
Infiltration—n (%) | 5 (31.3) | 39 (30.2) | 0.99 |
Inside Milan criteria prior to LT—n (%) | 15 (93.8) | 124 (96.1) | 0.51 |
Inside Milan criteria after LT—n (%) | 11 (68.8) | 107 (82.9) | 0.19 |
Macrovascular invasion—n (%) | 0 | 7 (5.4) | 0.99 |
Microvascular invasion—n (%) | 4 (25.0) | 27 (20.9) | 0.75 |
Multinodular tumor—n (%) | 5 (31.3) | 38 (29.5) | 0.99 |
Portal hypertension—n (%) | 12 (75.0) | 89 (69.0) | 0.78 |
Degree of tumor differentiation—n (%) | 0.55 | ||
Well | 12 (80.0) | 95 (73.7) | |
Moderate | 3 (13.7) | 31 (24.0) | |
Poor | 1 (6.3) | 3 (2.3) | |
Child-Pugh score—n (%) | 0.27 | ||
A | 11 (68.8) | 61 (47.3) | |
B | 3 (18.8) | 38 (29.5) | |
C | 2 (12.5) | 30 (23.3) | |
ABO blood type—n (%) | 0.89 | ||
A | 6 (37.5) | 59 (45.7) | |
B | 2 (12.5) | 10 (7.8) | |
O | 7 (43.8) | 53 (41.1) | |
AB | 1 (6.3) | 7 (5.4) | |
Transplantation technique—n (%) | 0.78 | ||
By-pass | 6 (37.5) | 42 (32.6) | |
Piggy back | 10 (62.5) | 87 (67.4) | |
Treatment prior to LT—n (%) | 11 (68.8) | 72 (55.8) | 0.78 |
Percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI)—n (%) | 7 (43.8) | 28 (21.7) | 0.07 |
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA)—n (%) | 0 | 8 (6.2) | 0.60 |
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE)—n (%) | 4 (25.0) | 29 (22.5) | 0.76 |
Liver resection—n (%) | 0 | 3 (2.3) | 0.99 |
Mixed treatment—n (%) | 0 | 4 (3.1) | 0.99 |
Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age of liver donor (age) | 1.042 | 1.004–1.082 | 0.03 |
Serum melatonin levels (pg/mL) | 0.525 | 0.331–0.834 | 0.006 |
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Lorente, L.; Rodriguez, S.T.; Sanz, P.; Abreu-González, P.; González-Rivero, A.F.; Pérez-Cejas, A.; Padilla, J.; Díaz, D.; González, A.; Martín, M.M.; et al. Low Serum Melatonin Levels Prior to Liver Transplantation in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma are Associated with Lower Survival after Liver Transplantation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 1696. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20071696
Lorente L, Rodriguez ST, Sanz P, Abreu-González P, González-Rivero AF, Pérez-Cejas A, Padilla J, Díaz D, González A, Martín MM, et al. Low Serum Melatonin Levels Prior to Liver Transplantation in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma are Associated with Lower Survival after Liver Transplantation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(7):1696. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20071696
Chicago/Turabian StyleLorente, Leonardo, Sergio T. Rodriguez, Pablo Sanz, Pedro Abreu-González, Agustín F. González-Rivero, Antonia Pérez-Cejas, Javier Padilla, Dácil Díaz, Antonio González, María M. Martín, and et al. 2019. "Low Serum Melatonin Levels Prior to Liver Transplantation in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma are Associated with Lower Survival after Liver Transplantation" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 7: 1696. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20071696