IFNγ Is a Key Link between Obesity and Th1-Mediated AutoImmune Diseases
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Comparison of Top Regulators and Pathways between High-Fat Diet (HFD) and ARE-Del-/- mice
2.2. The Therapeutic Effect of Luteolin on the Early Development of PBC
2.3. Luteolin Modulates Antigen Presentation and Energy Metabolic Pathways
2.4. HFD Dysregulates Macrophage Function, Possibly via the IFNγ Signaling Pathway
2.5. Luteolin Activated Nuclear Receptor (NR) Signaling Pathways, Including LXR, RXR, and PPAR
2.6. Interaction between IFNγ and Obesity-Related Genes
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Data Source
4.2. Gene Set Enrichment and Pathway Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ARE | AU-rich element |
DEG | Differentially expressed genes |
FAO | Fatty acid oxidation |
HFD | High-fat diet |
IPA | Ingenuity pathway analysis |
GSEA | Gene set enrichment analysis |
IFNγ | Interferon gamma |
Oxphos | Oxidative phosphorylation |
PBC | Primary biliary cholangitis |
RA | Rheumatoid arthritis |
MGI | Mouse genome informatics |
NK | Natural killer |
NR | Nuclear receptor |
SLE | Systemic lupus erythematosus |
Ub | Ubiquitin |
UBC | Ubiquitin C |
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Top Regulators | p-Value | |
---|---|---|
1 | IFNγ | 9.19 × 10−24 |
2 | TLR4 | 5.43 × 10−23 |
3 | TNF | 1.04 × 10−21 |
Top 20 Canonical Pathways in HFD mice | HFD | ARE | Lut | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Fcγ Receptor-Mediated Phagocytosis in Macrophages and Monocytes | up | up | down |
2 | Leukocyte Extravasation Signaling | up | up | down |
3 | Phagosome Formation | up | up | down |
4 | Granulocyte Adhesion and Diapedesis | up | up | down |
5 | Natural Killer Cell Signaling | up | up | down |
6 | IL-10 Signaling | up | up | - |
7 | Dendritic Cell Maturation | up | up | down |
8 | Atherosclerosis Signaling | up | up | down |
9 | Production of Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species in Macrophages | up | up | down |
10 | PI3K Signaling in B Lymphocytes | up | up | - |
11 | TREM1 Signaling | up | up | down |
12 | Hepatic Fibrosis/Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation | up | up | down |
13 | Altered T cell and B cell Signaling in Rheumatoid Arthritis | up | up | down |
14 | Agranulocyte Adhesion and Diapedesis | up | up | down |
15 | Communication between Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells | up | up | down |
16 | CCR5 Signaling in Macrophages | up | up | down |
17 | Role of Pattern Recognition Receptors in Recognition of Bacteria and Viruses | up | up | down |
18 | Toll-like Receptor Signaling | up | up | down |
19 | Role of NFAT in Regulation of the Immune Response | up | up | down |
20 | B Cell Receptor Signaling | up | up | down |
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Bae, H.R.; Choi, M.-S.; Kim, S.; Young, H.A.; Gershwin, M.E.; Jeon, S.-M.; Kwon, E.-Y. IFNγ Is a Key Link between Obesity and Th1-Mediated AutoImmune Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 208. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010208
Bae HR, Choi M-S, Kim S, Young HA, Gershwin ME, Jeon S-M, Kwon E-Y. IFNγ Is a Key Link between Obesity and Th1-Mediated AutoImmune Diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(1):208. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010208
Chicago/Turabian StyleBae, Heekyong R., Myung-Sook Choi, Suntae Kim, Howard A. Young, M. Eric Gershwin, Seon-Min Jeon, and Eun-Young Kwon. 2021. "IFNγ Is a Key Link between Obesity and Th1-Mediated AutoImmune Diseases" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 1: 208. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010208