State of the Art in the Antibacterial and Antiviral Applications of Carbon-Based Polymeric Nanocomposites
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Action of Carbon Nanomaterials
2.1. Antimicrobial Activity of Fullerenes
2.2. Antimicrobial Activity of Carbon Nanotubes
2.3. Antimicrobial Action of Graphene, Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide
3. Antibacterial Action of Polymer Nanocomposites with Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
3.1. Antibacterial Properties of Nanocomposites Incorporating Fullerenes
3.2. Antibacterial Properties of Nanocomposites with Carbon Nanotubes
3.3. Antibacterial Properties of Nanocomposites with Graphene and Its Derivatives
4. Applications for Antimicrobial Polymeric Nanocomposites with Carbon Materials
5. Conclusions
6. Future Perspectives
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Matrix | Antibacterial Agent | Processing Method | Bacteria | Inhibition | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Shape or wt%) | (%) | ||||
SnO2 (rod-shaped) | E. coli | 99.5 | [11] | ||
S. aureus | 99.5 | ||||
Ag (spherical) | E. coli | 90 | [94] | ||
– | Ag (rod-shaped) | – | 100 | [94] | |
Ag (cuboctahedral and dodecahedral) | E. coli | 100 | |||
– | – | P. Aeruginosa | 100 | [95] | |
S. Aureus | 100 | ||||
Cu (spherical) | P. Aeruginosa | 99.5 | [96] | ||
– | – | S. Aureus | 99.6 | ||
B. subtilis | 99.6 | ||||
C. Albicans | 82.5 | ||||
P. Aeruginosa | 100 | ||||
– | CuO | – | S. Aureus | 100 | [97] |
(spherical) | B. subtilis | 68 | |||
C. Albicans | 65 | ||||
ZnO (spherical) | E. coli | 90 | [89] | ||
S. aureus | 85 | ||||
TiO2 (spherical) | E. coli | 98 | [98] | ||
S. aureus | 100 | ||||
vancomycin | S. aureus | 98.3 86 | [99] | ||
TMP | |||||
penicillin | S. aureus | 100 | [100] | ||
tetracycline | 100 | ||||
chloramphenicol | H. influenzae | 87.5 | |||
penicillin | S. pneumoniae | 100 | [101] | ||
oxacillin | S. aureus | 88 | |||
amoxicillin | H. influenzae | 100 | [102] | ||
Salmonella spp. | 100 | ||||
Shigella spp. | 100 | ||||
Corynebacteria spp | 100 | ||||
PMMA | GO-Ag (1) GO-Ag (2) | SN + curing | E. coli | – | [55] |
S. aureus | |||||
S. mutans | |||||
PMMA fibers | GO (8) | pressurized gyration | E. coli | 85 | [57] |
PNIPAM | Ag/G (0.5:1) | in situ polymerization | E. coli S. aureus | – | [58] |
Ag/G (1:1) | |||||
Ag/G (5:1) | |||||
PNIPAM | GO/CNT (1:1) | free radical polymerization | P. aeruginosa | – | [59] |
PVK | GO (3) | bulk polymerization | B. subtilis | 89 | [65] |
R. opacus | 89 | ||||
E. coli | 89 | ||||
C. metallidurans | 91 | ||||
PVA | G (1) | SN+ solution casting | E. coli | 92 | [60] |
G (10) | E.coli | 97.1 | |||
G (1) | S. aureus | 92.3 | |||
G (10) | S. aureus | 99.7 | |||
PLA | GO/Ag (2) | in situ polymerization | E. coli | 99 | [69] |
S. aureus | 99 | ||||
PVDF fibers | GO/Ag (1:0.5) | ES | E. coli S. aureus | – | [72] |
GO/Ag (1:1) | |||||
GO/Ag (1:2) | |||||
PCL | GO/Ag (5:1) | SN+ solution casting | E. coli | 59 | [70] |
PPF | PEG-GO (3) | SN+ curing | S. aureus | 97 | [12] |
S. epidermidis | 94 | ||||
P. aeruginosa | 85 | ||||
E. coli | 81 | ||||
CS | GO/TiO2 (4/16) | SA | A. niger | 99 | [81] |
B. subtilis | 99 | ||||
PHBV | CNC/GO (1:1) | solution casting | E. coli | 99.7 | [92] |
S. aureus | 99.8 | ||||
AGAR | rGO/Ag/ZnO | solution casting | S. aureus | 95 | [77] |
P. aeruginosa | 95 | ||||
AG | GO (1) | SN+ solution casting | S. aureus | 99 | [85] |
S.epidermis | 99 | ||||
polyporphyrin | C60 | electropolymerization | S. aureus | 100 | [46] |
E. coli | 100 | ||||
PLL/PGA | SWCNT | LBL | E.coli | 80 | [47] |
SWCNT-PL-PEG | E.coli | 90 | |||
SWCNT-PL-PEG | S. epidermidis | 90 | |||
PLGA | SWCNT (2) | solution casting | E.coli | [54] | |
S. epidermidis | 98 |
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Díez-Pascual, A.M. State of the Art in the Antibacterial and Antiviral Applications of Carbon-Based Polymeric Nanocomposites. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 10511. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910511
Díez-Pascual AM. State of the Art in the Antibacterial and Antiviral Applications of Carbon-Based Polymeric Nanocomposites. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(19):10511. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910511
Chicago/Turabian StyleDíez-Pascual, Ana M. 2021. "State of the Art in the Antibacterial and Antiviral Applications of Carbon-Based Polymeric Nanocomposites" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19: 10511. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910511