The Effects of Heat Treatment on the Physical Properties and Surface Roughness of Turkish Hazel (Corylus colurna L.) Wood
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
References and Notes
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Heat Treat-ment | Times | Unitb | Oven-dry Densityc | Air-dry Densityc | Surface Roughnessc | Swellingc | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Do (g/cm3) | D12 (g/cm3) | Ra (μm) | Ry (μm) | Rz (μm) | Rq (μm) | Radial (%) | Tangential (%) | Longitudinal (%) | |||
Control | Avg. | 0.699 | 0.735 | 10.398 | 86.176 | 66.380 | 13.226 | 5.512 | 9.373 | 1.265 | |
A | A | A | A | A | BA | A | A | A | |||
± s | 0.062 | 0.063 | 2.613 | 19.275 | 4.909 | 1.213 | 0.266 | 0.494 | 0.237 | ||
s2 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 6.828 | 371.530 | 24.103 | 1.470 | 0.071 | 0.244 | 0.056 | ||
V | 8.932 | 8.571 | 25.130 | 22.367 | 7.396 | 9.168 | 4.818 | 5.268 | 18.697 | ||
N
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| ||
120 °C | 2 hr. | Avg. | 0.587 | 0.637 | 10.062 | 83.680 | 65.294 | 12.427 | 5.464 | 9.044 | 1.217 |
BCDE | BFG | ABCD | AEF | ADEF | AEF | ABCD | ACDE | ACDE | |||
FGHIK | HIK | EFGH | GH | GHI | GH | EFGH | FGHI | FGHI | |||
± s | 0.029 | 0.052 | 0.902 | 12.777 | 15.867 | 0.608 | 0.341 | 1.801 | 0.285 | ||
s2 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.814 | 163.260 | 251.758 | 0.369 | 0.116 | 3.244 | 0.081 | ||
V | 4.961 | 8.202 | 8.965 | 15.269 | 24.301 | 4.889 | 6.240 | 19.915 | 23.382 | ||
N
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| ||
6 hr. | Avg. | 0.562 | 0.630 | 9.758 | 83.240 | 61.762 | 12.366 | 5.456 | 8.775 | 1.110 | |
CGH | CFG | AEF | AEF | BFG | AEF | ABCD | BHI | BCDE | |||
IK | HIK | GH | GH | HI | GH | EFGH | FGHI | ||||
± s | 0.059 | 0.076 | 1.962 | 7.073 | 4.602 | 2.390 | 0.156 | 0.740 | 0.256 | ||
s2 | 0.003 | 0.006 | 3.848 | 50.028 | 21.177 | 5.712 | 0.024 | 0.547 | 0.066 | ||
V | 10.482 | 12.006 | 20.104 | 8.497 | 7.451 | 19.326 | 2.855 | 8.430 | 23.104 | ||
N
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| ||
10 hr. | Avg. | 0.559 | 0.624 | 9.140 | 79.500 | 60.982 | 11.830 | 5.122 | 8.481 | 0.902 | |
DHIK | DGHIK | BGH | BEFGH | CFGHI | BFGH | BEFGH | CHI | CGHI | |||
± s | 0.024 | 0.048 | 0.889 | 18.919 | 10.582 | 1.139 | 0.595 | 0.967 | 0.146 | ||
s2 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.790 | 357.928 | 111.978 | 1.298 | 0.354 | 0.935 | 0.021 | ||
V | 4.288 | 7.673 | 9.723 | 23.797 | 17.353 | 9.632 | 11.622 | 11.398 | 16.173 | ||
N
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| ||
150 °C | 2 hr. | Avg. | 0.555 | 0.612 | 9.026 | 79.288 | 60.496 | 11.782 | 5.046 | 8.308 | 0.897 |
EIK | EGHIK | CGH | CEFGH | DFGHI | CFGH | CEFGH | DHI | DGHI | |||
± s | 0.031 | 0.014 | 1.689 | 10.358 | 9.119 | 1.088 | 0.173 | 0.744 | 0.179 | ||
s2 | 0.001 | 0.0002 | 2.853 | 107.294 | 83.149 | 1.183 | 0.030 | 0.554 | 0.032 | ||
V | 5.666 | 2.296 | 18.713 | 13.064 | 15.073 | 9.232 | 3.422 | 8.958 | 19.907 | ||
N
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| ||
6 hr. | Avg. | 0.552 | 0.603 | 8.946 | 79.136 | 60.252 | 11.658 | 4.988 | 8.282 | 0.884 | |
FIK | FHIK | DGH | DEFGH | EFGHI | DFGH | DFGH | EHI | EHI | |||
± s | 0.042 | 0.057 | 0.794 | 10.910 | 6.771 | 2.020 | 0.435 | 1.044 | 0.258 | ||
s2 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.630 | 119.034 | 45.843 | 4.079 | 0.189 | 1.091 | 0.066 | ||
V | 7.543 | 9.438 | 8.870 | 13.787 | 11.237 | 17.324 | 8.722 | 12.611 | 29.153 | ||
N
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| ||
10 hr. | Avg. | 0.538 | 0.581 | 8.786 | 70.820 | 54.694 | 11.094 | 4.813 | 8.233 | 0.832 | |
GIK | GIK | EGH | EFGH | FHI | EGH | EH | FHI | FHI | |||
± s | 0.025 | 0.042 | 1.798 | 9.447 | 8.197 | 1.800 | 0.217 | 1.666 | 0.321 | ||
s2 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 3.234 | 89.242 | 67.186 | 3.239 | 0.047 | 2.776 | 0.177 | ||
V | 4.629 | 7.199 | 20.470 | 13.339 | 14.986 | 16.223 | 4.512 | 20.239 | 38.581 | ||
N
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| ||
180 °C | 2 hr. | Avg. | 0.534 | 0.558 | 8.468 | 63.938 | 54.234 | 10.714 | 4.703 | 8.195 | 0.749 |
HIK | H | FGH | FH | GHI | FGH | FH | GHI | GI | |||
± s | 0.037 | 0.027 | 2.405 | 8.365 | 3.999 | 2.743 | 0.462 | 0.820 | 0.227 | ||
s2 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 5.785 | 69.967 | 15.993 | 7.525 | 0.213 | 0.672 | 0.107 | ||
V | 6.994 | 4.765 | 28.403 | 13.082 | 7.374 | 25.603 | 9.822 | 10.004 | 30.307 | ||
N
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| ||
6 hr. | Avg. | 0.514 | 0.551 | 7.216 | 59.146 | 48.235 | 9.168 | 4.650 | 7.582 | 0.662 | |
I | I | G | G | H | G | GH | H | H | |||
± s | 0.036 | 0.039 | 0.787 | 6.567 | 6.616 | 0.902 | 0.625 | 0.581 | 0.250 | ||
s2 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.619 | 43.128 | 43.765 | 0.813 | 0.390 | 0.338 | 0.062 | ||
V | 6.964 | 7.008 | 10.902 | 11.103 | 13.715 | 9.837 | 13.436 | 7.666 | 37.718 | ||
N
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| 30
| ||
10 hr. | Avg. | 0.511 | 0.534 | 6.615 | 56.846 | 47.106 | 8.724 | 4.393 | 7.168 | 0.568 | |
K | K | H | H | I | H | H | I | I | |||
± s | 0.019 | 0.010 | 0.900 | 7.848 | 3.111 | 1.240 | 0.138 | 0.510 | 0.147 | ||
s2 | 0.0004 | 0.0001 | 0.810 | 61.595 | 9.678 | 1.537 | 0.019 | 0.260 | 0.021 | ||
V | 3.789 | 1.905 | 13.605 | 13.806 | 6.604 | 14.211 | 3.146 | 7.116 | 25.809 | ||
N | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
Heat Treat-ment | Time (h) | Oven-dry density | Air-dry density | Swelling
| Surface Roughness
| |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Radial | Tangential | Longitudinal | Ra | Ry | Rz | Rq | ||||
% | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | ||
120 °C | 2 | 15.95 | 13.33 | 0.87 | 3.51 | 3.80 | 3.23 | 2.90 | 1.64 | 6.04 |
6 | 19.57 | 14.28 | 1.02 | 6.38 | 12.30 | 6.16 | 3.41 | 6.96 | 6.50 | |
10
| 20.04
| 15.04
| 7.08
| 9.51
| 28.68
| 12.10
| 7.75
| 8.13
| 10.55
| |
150 °C | 2 | 20.54 | 16.72 | 8.44 | 11.36 | 29.12 | 13.19 | 7.99 | 8.86 | 10.92 |
6 | 20.99 | 17.86 | 9.49 | 11.64 | 30.16 | 13.96 | 8.17 | 9.23 | 11.86 | |
10
| 23.02
| 20.94
| 12.67
| 12.17
| 34.26
| 15.50
| 17.82
| 17.60
| 16.12
| |
180 °C | 2 | 23.51 | 24.09 | 14.67 | 12.56 | 40.82 | 18.56 | 25.81 | 18.30 | 18.99 |
6 | 26.41 | 25.06 | 15.63 | 19.11 | 47.71 | 30.60 | 31.37 | 27.34 | 30.68 | |
10
| 26.90 | 27.36 | 20.29 | 23.53 | 55.13 | 36.38 | 34.03 | 29.04 | 34.04 |
© 2008 by MDPI This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
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Korkut, D.S.; Korkut, S.; Bekar, I.; Budakçı, M.; Dilik, T.; Çakıcıer, N. The Effects of Heat Treatment on the Physical Properties and Surface Roughness of Turkish Hazel (Corylus colurna L.) Wood. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2008, 9, 1772-1783. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms9091772
Korkut DS, Korkut S, Bekar I, Budakçı M, Dilik T, Çakıcıer N. The Effects of Heat Treatment on the Physical Properties and Surface Roughness of Turkish Hazel (Corylus colurna L.) Wood. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2008; 9(9):1772-1783. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms9091772
Chicago/Turabian StyleKorkut, Derya Sevim, Süleyman Korkut, Ilter Bekar, Mehmet Budakçı, Tuncer Dilik, and Nevzat Çakıcıer. 2008. "The Effects of Heat Treatment on the Physical Properties and Surface Roughness of Turkish Hazel (Corylus colurna L.) Wood" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 9, no. 9: 1772-1783. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms9091772