Binding Affinity of a Highly Sensitive Au/Ag/Au/Chitosan-Graphene Oxide Sensor Based on Direct Detection of Pb2+ and Hg2+ Ions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Fabrication of Au/Ag/Au/CS–GO SPR Sensor
2.2. Characterisation of Au/Ag/Au/CS–GO Nanostructure
2.3. Execution of SPR Measurement
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Elemental Composition of Au/Ag/Au/CS–GO SPR Sensor
3.2. Cross-Sectional Analysis and Height Profile of the CS–GO Nanolayer
3.3. SPR Reflectivity in Pb2+ and Hg2+ Ions
Full-Width-Half-Maximum (FWHM)
3.4. Calibration Curves for Pb2+ and Hg2+ Ions
Repeatability
3.5. Binding Affinity Constant, K
3.6. Detection Accuracy and Signal-to-Noise-Ratio
3.7. Shift in SPR Angle for Various Heavy Metal Ions
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Heavy Metal Ions | SPR Sensor | K (M−1) | References |
---|---|---|---|
Ni2+ | MUA-(His)6- | 4.0 × 108 | [9] |
Cu2+ | MUA/Gly-Gly-His | 6.0 × 108 | |
Cu2+ | Cysteamine/His-Gly-Gly | 4.0 × 106 | |
Fe3+ | CS | 9.5 × 105 | [30] |
Cd2+ | Apo-metallothionein | 4.2 × 105 | [11] |
Hg2+ | Apo-metallothionein | 2.7 × 103 | |
Cu2+ | Polypyrrole–CS | 1.3 × 104 | [31] |
Zn2+ | Polypyrrole–CS | 2.3 × 104 | [32] |
Ni2+ | Polypyrrole–CS | 1.7 × 104 | |
Cu2+ | Albumin | 2.3 × 102 | [10] |
Pb2+ | Albumin | 2.4 × 102 | |
Hg2+ | Albumin | 4.3 × 102 |
Element | Weight Percentage (%) |
---|---|
Carbon (C) | 19.25 |
Oxygen (O) | 32.62 |
Silver (Ag) | 27.58 |
Gold (Au) | 20.54 |
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Kamaruddin, N.H.; Bakar, A.A.A.; Mobarak, N.N.; Zan, M.S.D.; Arsad, N. Binding Affinity of a Highly Sensitive Au/Ag/Au/Chitosan-Graphene Oxide Sensor Based on Direct Detection of Pb2+ and Hg2+ Ions. Sensors 2017, 17, 2277. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17102277
Kamaruddin NH, Bakar AAA, Mobarak NN, Zan MSD, Arsad N. Binding Affinity of a Highly Sensitive Au/Ag/Au/Chitosan-Graphene Oxide Sensor Based on Direct Detection of Pb2+ and Hg2+ Ions. Sensors. 2017; 17(10):2277. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17102277
Chicago/Turabian StyleKamaruddin, Nur Hasiba, Ahmad Ashrif A. Bakar, Nadhratun Naiim Mobarak, Mohd Saiful Dzulkefly Zan, and Norhana Arsad. 2017. "Binding Affinity of a Highly Sensitive Au/Ag/Au/Chitosan-Graphene Oxide Sensor Based on Direct Detection of Pb2+ and Hg2+ Ions" Sensors 17, no. 10: 2277. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17102277