Health Economic Evaluation of an Online-Based Motivational Program to Reduce Problematic Media Use and Promote Treatment Motivation for Internet Use Disorder—Results of the OMPRIS Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AICA-S | Scale for the Assessment of Internet and Computer Game Addiction |
CEA | cost-effectiveness analysis |
CUA | cost-utility analysis |
DDD | defined daily dose |
DiD | difference-in-difference |
EBM | German doctor’s fee scale |
ICER | incremental cost-effectiveness ratio |
IG | intervention group |
IUD | Internet Use Disorders |
PRC | Persons with Reliable Change |
QALYs | quality-adjusted life years |
RC | Reliable Change |
RCI | Reliable Change Index |
SHI | statutory health insurance |
WCG | waiting control group |
References
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Sociodemographic Variables | Total (n = 169) | IG (n = 81) | WCG (n = 88) |
---|---|---|---|
Age in years [MV (SD)] | 31.93 (12.08) | 32.11 (12.77) | 31.76 (11.48) |
Gender [n (%)] | |||
male | 127 (75.1) | 63 (77.8) | 64 (7.7) |
female | 39 (23.1) | 18 (22.2) | 21 (23.9) |
divers | 3 (1.8) | 0 | 3 (3.4) |
Nationality [n (%)] | |||
German | 163 (96.4) | 77 (95.1) | 86 (97.7) |
other | 6 (3.6) | 4 (4.9) | 2 (2.3) |
Highest school degree [n (%)] | |||
currently at school | 6 (3.6) | 4 (4.9) | 2 (2.3) |
secondary school (usually 9 to 10 years of schooling) | 3 (1.8) | 0 | 3 (3.4) |
secondary school (usually 10 years of schooling) | 12 (7.1) | 3 (3.7) | 9 (10.2) |
subject-related university entrance qualification | 16 (9.5) | 7 (8.6) | 9 (10.2) |
general qualification for university entrance | 132 (78.1) | 67 (82.7) | 65 (73.9) |
Current occupation [n (%)] | |||
full-time employment | 55 (32.5) | 29 (35.8) | 26 (29.5) |
part-time employment | 17 (10.1) | 7 (8.6) | 10 (11.4) |
school | 6 (3.6) | 4 (4.9) | 2 (2.3) |
vocational training/apprenticeship | 2 (1.2) | 0 | 2 (2.3) |
studying at a university | 60 (35.5) | 27 (33.3) | 33 (37.5) |
unemployed | 15 (8.9) | 6 (7.4) | 9 (10.2) |
housewife/househusband | 1 (0.6) | 1 (1.2) | 0 |
disability pension | 2 (1.2) | 0 | 2 (2.3) |
retirement pension | 3 (1.8) | 2 (2.5) | 1 (1.1) |
other | 8 (4.7) | 5 (6.2) | 3 (3.4) |
AICA-S Score | T0 | T2 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | IG | WCG | Total | IG | WCG | |
Mean value | 12.46 | 12.36 | 12.53 | 8.98 | 6.79 | 11.00 |
Standard deviation | 4.78 | 4.52 | 5.04 | 5.67 | 5.15 | 5.39 |
Median | 12.50 | 13.00 | 12.00 | 8.00 | 5.00 | 10.25 |
Mode | 12.50 | 12.50 | 10.50 | 5.50 | 2.00 | 6.00 |
Minimum | 2.50 | 2.50 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
Maximum | 27.00 | 23.00 | 27.00 | 27.00 | 22.50 | 27.00 |
EQ-5D-5L Index Value | T0 | T2 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | IG | WCG | Total | IG | WCG | |
Mean value | 0.839 | 0.847 | 0.831 | 0.860 | 0.884 | 0.838 |
Standard deviation | 0.161 | 0.143 | 0.176 | 0.154 | 0.122 | 0.176 |
Median | 0.882 | 0.892 | 0.874 | 0.913 | 0.913 | 0.911 |
Minimum | 0.130 | 0.300 | 0.130 | 0 | 0.460 | 0 |
Maximum | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Cost Categories | T0 | T2 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
/Day Total [EUR] | /Day IG [EUR] | /Day WCG [EUR] | p-Value | /Day Total [EUR] | /Day IG [EUR] | /Day WCG [EUR] | p-Value | |
Sickness benefits | 0.33 | 0 | 0.63 | 0.174 | 1.32 | 0 | 2.54 | 0.174 |
Outpatient physician contacts | 1.68 | 1.67 | 1.69 | 0.609 | 1.75 | 1.89 | 1.62 | 0.867 |
Hospital treatments | 2.64 | 2.22 | 3.02 | 0.366 | 1.29 | 0.39 | 2.12 | 0.601 |
Medications | 0.75 | 0.12 | 1.34 | 0.200 | 2.37 | 3.31 | 1.50 | 0.910 |
Remedies | 0.28 | 0.24 | 0.31 | 0.976 | 1.33 | 0.17 | 0.10 | 0.613 |
Intervention costs | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11.11 | 0 | <0.001 |
Sum | 5.67 | 4.25 | 6.98 | 0.953 | 12.19 | 16.88 | 7.88 | <0.001 |
Cost Categories | T0 | T2 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
/Day Total [EUR] | /Day IG [EUR] | /Day WCG [EUR] | p-Value | /Day Total [EUR] | /Day IG [EUR] | /Day WCG [EUR] | p-Value | |
Incapacity to work | 3.07 | 1.11 | 4.88 | 0.288 | 2.94 | 0.48 | 5.21 | 0.177 |
Reduction in earning capacity | 1.17 | 0.00 | 2.25 | 0.174 | 1.81 | 0.57 | 2.95 | 0.601 |
Outpatient physician contacts | 1.76 | 1.75 | 1.77 | 0.609 | 1.83 | 1.98 | 1.69 | 0.959 |
Hospital treatments | 2.78 | 3.03 | 2.55 | 0.361 | 0.96 | 0.29 | 1.57 | 0.606 |
Rehabilitation | 1.01 | 1.37 | 0.69 | 0.279 | 0.92 | 1.91 | 0.0 | 0.139 |
Medications | 0.85 | 0.18 | 1.46 | 0.095 | 4.06 | 6.09 | 2.20 | 0.900 |
Remedies | 0.30 | 0.26 | 0.33 | 0.976 | 0.14 | 0.18 | 0.11 | 0.613 |
Intervention costs | - | - | - | - | - | 11.11 | - | <0.001 |
Sum | 10.94 | 7.68 | 13.93 | 0.532 | 17.99 | 22.61 | 13.73 | <0.001 |
ICER | Perspective | |
---|---|---|
Statutory Health Insurance | Society | |
Base case | EUR 861.30/PRC | EUR 1109.57/PRC |
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Niemann, A.; Hillerich, V.; Wasem, J.; Dieris-Hirche, J.; Bottel, L.; Pape, M.; Herpertz, S.; Timmesfeld, N.; Basten, J.; te Wildt, B.T.; et al. Health Economic Evaluation of an Online-Based Motivational Program to Reduce Problematic Media Use and Promote Treatment Motivation for Internet Use Disorder—Results of the OMPRIS Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 7144. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20247144
Niemann A, Hillerich V, Wasem J, Dieris-Hirche J, Bottel L, Pape M, Herpertz S, Timmesfeld N, Basten J, te Wildt BT, et al. Health Economic Evaluation of an Online-Based Motivational Program to Reduce Problematic Media Use and Promote Treatment Motivation for Internet Use Disorder—Results of the OMPRIS Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(24):7144. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20247144
Chicago/Turabian StyleNiemann, Anja, Vivienne Hillerich, Jürgen Wasem, Jan Dieris-Hirche, Laura Bottel, Magdalena Pape, Stephan Herpertz, Nina Timmesfeld, Jale Basten, Bert Theodor te Wildt, and et al. 2023. "Health Economic Evaluation of an Online-Based Motivational Program to Reduce Problematic Media Use and Promote Treatment Motivation for Internet Use Disorder—Results of the OMPRIS Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 24: 7144. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20247144