Assessment of the Economic and Environmental Impact of Double Glazed Façade Ventilation Systems in Mediterranean Climates
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Previous Works
- -
- Fans need an electrical grid connection, so they have to meet strict fire hazard regulations;
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- A solid support has to be built-up in the lateral side of the façade in order to install them;
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- Fans have rotating components, such as motor or bearings, which require maintenance;
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- They also generate vibration and noise.
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- They do not need maintenance because they have no moving parts;
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- They do not generate vibration;
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- They are light and compact structures;
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- They implement a flow regulation system adjusting only the pressure of the injected air;
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- Coandă nozzles do not need any electrical connections, so they do not have to comply with any safety requirements;
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- Coandă nozzles generate low level noise and its origin is exclusively aerodynamic.
3. Economic Study
Cost | Coandă nozzles | Fans |
---|---|---|
Initial investment |
|
|
Operating costs |
|
|
Maintenance costs |
|
|
3.1. Initial Investment
Air flow requirements of a Coandă nozzle (m3/s) | Pressure requirements in the Coandă nozzles’ inlet (kPa) | Air flow requirements of the whole air compressed installation (m3/s) | Blower pressure (kPa) | Blower power (kW) |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.04 | 1.38 | 0.13 | 2.50 | 1 |
0.09 | 4.87 | 0.26 | 9.50 | 4 |
0.12 | 11.56 | 0.37 | 21.50 | 8 |
0.15 | 23.78 | 0.44 | 39.50 | 20 |
0.16 | 41.65 | 0.48 | 60.00 | 30 |
3.2. Operating Costs
3.3. Maintenance Costs
3.4. Total Costs Comparison
4. Environmental Impact Estimation
4.1. Life Cycle Assessment
4.1.1. Material Production and Manufacturing
Fans ventilation system | Weight (kg/unit) | Coandă nozzles ventilation system | Weight (kg/unit) |
---|---|---|---|
Fans | - | Coandă nozzles | - |
Steel and sheet metal | 18 | Plastic | 32 |
Copper | 2 | Blower or compressor | - |
Aluminum | 5 | Steel and sheet metal | 110 |
Plastic | 1 | Copper | 4 |
- | - | Aluminum | 10 |
- | - | Plastic | 10 |
- | - | Natural rubber | 1 |
Material | Fans (MJ/life cycle) | Coandă nozzles (MJ/life cycle) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Renewable | Non-Renewable | Embodied | Total | Renewable | Non-Renewable | Embodied | Total | |
Steel and sheet metal | 270.00 | 2392.20 | 141.75 | 2803.95 | 220.00 | 1949.20 | 115.50 | 2284.70 |
Copper | 61.35 | 666.30 | 0 | 727.65 | 16.36 | 177.68 | 0 | 194.04 |
Aluminum | 87.00 | 1674.00 | 1071.38 | 2832.38 | 23.20 | 446.40 | 285.70 | 755.30 |
Plastic | 102.53 | 719.10 | 0 | 821.63 | 1457.22 | 10,220.81 | 0.00 | 11,678.03 |
Natural rubber | - | - | - | - | 1.00 | 36.30 | 56.11 | 93.41 |
Total | 520.88 | 5451.60 | 1213.13 | 7185.60 | 1717.78 | 12,830.39 | 457.31 | 15,005.48 |
4.1.2. Operating Energy Consumption
4.2. Energy Savings Produced through the Use of Forced Ventilation
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Valentín, D.; Guardo, A.; Egusquiza, E.; Valero, C.; Alavedra, P. Assessment of the Economic and Environmental Impact of Double Glazed Façade Ventilation Systems in Mediterranean Climates. Energies 2013, 6, 5069-5087. https://doi.org/10.3390/en6105069
Valentín D, Guardo A, Egusquiza E, Valero C, Alavedra P. Assessment of the Economic and Environmental Impact of Double Glazed Façade Ventilation Systems in Mediterranean Climates. Energies. 2013; 6(10):5069-5087. https://doi.org/10.3390/en6105069
Chicago/Turabian StyleValentín, David, Alfredo Guardo, Eduard Egusquiza, Carme Valero, and Pere Alavedra. 2013. "Assessment of the Economic and Environmental Impact of Double Glazed Façade Ventilation Systems in Mediterranean Climates" Energies 6, no. 10: 5069-5087. https://doi.org/10.3390/en6105069