Modification and Enhancing Contribution of Fiber to Asphalt Binders and Their Corresponding Mixtures: A Study of Viscoelastic Properties
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methodologies
2.1. Materials
2.1.1. Fibers
2.1.2. Asphalt Binders
2.1.3. Asphalt Mixture
2.2. Methodologies
2.2.1. Dynamic Shear Rheometer
2.2.2. Indirect Tensile Resilience
3. Viscoelastic Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Binders
3.1. Temperature Dependency
3.1.1. Complex Shear Modulus
3.1.2. Phase Angle
3.2. Rutting Parameter and Fatigue Parameter
3.2.1. Rutting Performance
3.2.2. Fatigue Performance
4. Viscoelastic Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Mixture
4.1. Indirect Tensile Resilience Modulus
4.2. Master Curves of Modulus
5. Conclusions
- Fiber can improve the high-temperature stability of asphalt binders. The study found that the rutting parameters of the fiber-reinforced asphalt binders were greater than those of the blank control group. Among them, at 25–65 °C, the rutting parameters of PPF-reinforced asphalt binders are much larger than those of LF- and PF-reinforced asphalt binders, and the blank control group.
- The fiber will reduce the anti-fatigue performance of asphalt binders to varying degrees while improving the anti-rutting performance of the asphalt binders. It was found that the fatigue parameters of PPF-reinforced asphalt binders were much larger than those of the other three groups at 25–65 °C. At 15–25 °C, this trend is not obvious.
- The viscoelastic properties of fiber-reinforced asphalt binders have a great relationship with the morphology of fiber. The morphology of PPFs is short columnar, and its surface has an irregular barbed structure. This allows PPFs to be uniformly dispersed in the asphalt binders, and they have the most structural asphalt on their surface. This is the main reason for the best anti-rutting performance of PPF-reinforced asphalt binders. The flocculent morphology of LFs makes it difficult to uniformly disperse in the asphalt binders, so that the viscoelastic properties of LF-reinforced asphalt binders are not prominent.
- From the master curve model of the resilient modulus of the fiber-reinforced asphalt mixture, it can be seen that the change trend of viscoelastic properties of fiber-reinforced asphalt binders and their mixture are basically the same. It is found that the main curves of the PPF-reinforced asphalt mixture are higher at both ends, indicating that the PPF-reinforced asphalt mixture has high stiffness and strong high-temperature stability.
- The study found that the best choice of fiber stabilizer in a fiber asphalt mixture is a fiber with regular columnar morphology on a macro and irregular structure, or a barbed structure on a micro surface.
- Select the best form of fiber to explore the best content of fiber in a fiber-reinforced asphalt mixture.
- The microscopic test method is used to study the combination of fiber and asphalt. The relationship between the fiber–asphalt transition zone and the performance of the fiber-reinforced asphalt mixture was discussed.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fiber | Length (mm) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Density (g/cm3) | Melting Point (°C) | Oil Absorption (Times of Own Weight) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LFs | 5 | - | 1.10 | - | 6.2 |
PFs | 8 | 508 | 1.38 | 260 | - |
PPFs | 6 | 450 | 0.91 | 220 | - |
Standard | 6–12 (LFs < 6) | >270 | - | >220 | 5–9 |
Characteristics | Experimental Values | Standard | |
---|---|---|---|
Penetration@25 °C, 100 g, 5 s (0.1 mm) | 58.6 | 50–60 | |
Ductility@5 cm/min, 5 °C (1 cm) | 23.8 | ≥20 | |
Softening point (°C) | 79.1 | ≥60 | |
Thin film oven test | Ductility@5 cm/min, 5 °C (1 cm) | 17.8 | ≥15 |
Mass loss rate (%) | +0.016 | ±1.0 | |
Residual penetration ratio (%) | 75.5 | ≥65 | |
Solubility (%) | 99.90 | ≥99 | |
Density (g/cm3) | 1.017 | - |
Types | Percentage of Mass (%) through the Following Sieves (mm) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
16.0 | 13.2 | 9.5 | 4.75 | 2.36 | 1.18 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.15 | 0.075 | |
Upper limit | 100.0 | 100.0 | 75.0 | 34.0 | 26.0 | 24.0 | 20.0 | 16.0 | 15.0 | 12.0 |
Lower limit | 100.0 | 90.0 | 50.0 | 20.0 | 15.0 | 14.0 | 12.0 | 10.0 | 9.0 | 8.0 |
Gradation A(35:35:19:11) | 100.0 | 97.3 | 64.0 | 32.1 | 22.3 | 17.5 | 14.9 | 14.0 | 12.7 | 11.2 |
Gradation | Bitumen Aggregate Ratio (%) | Specimen Gross Density (g/cm3) | Maximum Theoretical Relative Density (g/cm3) | Air Voids (%) | Voids in Mineral Aggregate VMA (%) | Voids Filled with Asphalt VFA (%) | Coarse Aggregate Skeleton Clearance Rate VCAmix (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 6.4 | 2.479 | 2.572 | 3.6 | 18.2 | 80.1 | 40.7 |
Standard | - | - | - | 3–4 | ≥17.0 | 75–85 | ≤VCADRC |
Parameter | Requirement |
---|---|
Working form | Temperature scan |
Test temperature | −10 to 35 °C, 20–65 °C |
Test frequency | 10 rad/s |
Control mode | Strain control (5%) |
Sample size | r = 4 mm, h = 2 mm and r = 12.5 mm, h = 1 mm |
Parameters | Tref | C1 | C2 |
---|---|---|---|
- | 20 °C | 8.860 | 101.6 |
Types | Models | Lg(G)max (MPa) | Lg(G)min (MPa) | Slope | R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LFs | 4.377 | 2.621 | 0.378 | 0.988 | |
PFs | 4.323 | 2.397 | 0.379 | 0.986 | |
PPFs | 4.238 | 2.706 | 0.421 | 0.978 |
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Li, C.; Liu, H.; Xiao, Y.; Li, J.; Wang, T.; Peng, L. Modification and Enhancing Contribution of Fiber to Asphalt Binders and Their Corresponding Mixtures: A Study of Viscoelastic Properties. Materials 2023, 16, 5727. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16165727
Li C, Liu H, Xiao Y, Li J, Wang T, Peng L. Modification and Enhancing Contribution of Fiber to Asphalt Binders and Their Corresponding Mixtures: A Study of Viscoelastic Properties. Materials. 2023; 16(16):5727. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16165727
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Chao, Hao Liu, Yue Xiao, Jixin Li, Tianlei Wang, and Longfan Peng. 2023. "Modification and Enhancing Contribution of Fiber to Asphalt Binders and Their Corresponding Mixtures: A Study of Viscoelastic Properties" Materials 16, no. 16: 5727. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16165727