Influence of Accelerators on Cement Mortars Using Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst Residue (FCC): Enhanced Mechanical Properties at Early Curing Ages
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Study of Mechanical Strengths in Mortars
3.2. Thermogravimetric Analysis in Pastes
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
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- The SKR commercial accelerator is the additive with the best behavior, especially during the first 8 curing hours, and no reduction in strength takes place for long curing ages (28 days). This indicates good compatibility between FCC and SKR.
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- KOH appears beneficial in the mortar with FCC, but only for the first curing hours. When approaching 48 h, it exerts no benefit on the FCC mortar.
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- Unlike the mortar with KOH, the mortars with SIL containing FCC displayed improved compressive strength from 24 curing hours.
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- The mortars containing FCC for the 28-day curing age obtained higher compressive strength values than 88 MPa, except that containing KOH. These values confirm that FCC is an SCM with excellent pozzolanic activity.
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- Accelerators influence cement hydration by favoring the formation of Afm phases at early curing ages.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | SO3 | Na2O + K2O | P2O5 | TiO2 | LOI * | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CEM | 19.29 | 5.22 | 3.51 | 61.75 | 2.07 | 3.55 | 1.23 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 1.96 |
FCC | 47.76 | 49.25 | 0.60 | 0.11 | 0.17 | 0.03 | 0.33 | 0.02 | 1.22 | 0.51 |
Cem (g) | Sand (g) | FCC (g) | Accel. (g) | H2O (g) | Superplast. (g) | Work. (mm) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CON | 450.0 | 1350.0 | _ | _ | 202.5 | _ | 110 |
FCC | 450.0 | 1215.0 | 135.0 * | _ | 202.5 | 3.2 | 110 |
CON + KOH | 450.0 | 1350.0 | _ | 9.0 | 202.5 | 1.1 | 111 |
FCC + KOH | 450.0 | 1215.0 | 135.0 * | 9.0 | 202.5 | 6.2 | 119 |
CON + SIL | 450.0 | 1350.0 | _ | 9.0 | 202.5 | 1.2 | 112 |
FCC + SIL | 450.0 | 1215.0 | 135.0 * | 9.0 | 202.5 | 5.7 | 113 |
CON + SKR | 450.0 | 1350.0 | _ | 9.0 | 202.5 | _ | 113 |
FCC + SKR | 450.0 | 1215.0 | 135.0 * | 9.0 | 202.5 | 3.2 | 116 |
8 h | 24 h | 48 h | 28 d | |
---|---|---|---|---|
CON | 6.85 ± 0.51 | 29.23 ± 1.17 | 34.47 ± 2.06 | 56.96 ± 1.31 |
FCC | 16.18 ± 1.24 | 39.93 ± 2.15 | 55.44 ± 2.23 | 88.54 ± 2.61 |
CON + KOH | 7.51 ± 0.82 | 24.60 ± 1.76 | 28.86 ± 0.45 | 48.13 ± 0.86 |
FCC + KOH | 17.86 ± 1.05 | 48.13 ± 1.25 | 52.98 ± 1.75 | 68.10 ± 2.05 |
CON + SIL | 7.56 ± 0.79 | 35.42 ± 2.03 | 40.69 ± 0.35 | 61.25 ± 1.67 |
FCC + SIL | 13.83 ± 0.85 | 47.72 ± 0.52 | 60.38 ± 2.10 | 89.30 ± 1.92 |
CON + SKR | 12.76 ± 1.32 | 38.67 ± 1.25 | 40.40 ± 0.97 | 64.16 ± 1.23 |
FCC + SKR | 26.03 ± 0.65 | 50.61 ± 0.79 | 60.43 ± 1.56 | 91.60 ± 1.46 |
8 h | 24 h | 48 h | 28 d | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TML | CH | BW | TML | CH | BW | TML | CH | BW | TML | CH | BW | |
CON | 6.8 | 1.0 | 5.8 | 13.2 | 2.3 | 10.9 | 15.9 | 2.7 | 13.2 | 21.1 | 3.4 | 17.7 |
CON + SIL | 5.4 | 0.7 | 4.7 | 9.6 | 2.2 | 7.4 | 13.8 | 2.0 | 11.8 | 20.2 | 3.5 | 16.7 |
CON + SKR | 8.1 | 0.8 | 7.3 | 15.6 | 1.3 | 14.3 | 16.9 | 2.4 | 14.5 | 22.4 | 3.4 | 19.0 |
FCC | 7.8 | 0.9 | 6.9 | 13.5 | 1.2 | 12.3 | 15.7 | 2.2 | 13.5 | 23.5 | 2.3 | 21.2 |
FCC + SIL | 5.9 | 0.5 | 5.4 | 11.6 | 1.1 | 10.5 | 14.6 | 1.6 | 13.0 | 22.8 | 1.8 | 21.0 |
FCC + SKR | 8.6 | 1.0 | 7.6 | 14.9 | 1.4 | 13.5 | 17.6 | 1.8 | 15.8 | 25.1 | 1.8 | 23.3 |
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Soriano, L.; Borrachero, M.V.; Giménez-Carbo, E.; Tashima, M.M.; Monzó, J.M.; Payá, J. Influence of Accelerators on Cement Mortars Using Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst Residue (FCC): Enhanced Mechanical Properties at Early Curing Ages. Materials 2024, 17, 1219. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17051219
Soriano L, Borrachero MV, Giménez-Carbo E, Tashima MM, Monzó JM, Payá J. Influence of Accelerators on Cement Mortars Using Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst Residue (FCC): Enhanced Mechanical Properties at Early Curing Ages. Materials. 2024; 17(5):1219. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17051219
Chicago/Turabian StyleSoriano, Lourdes, María Victoria Borrachero, Ester Giménez-Carbo, Mauro M. Tashima, José María Monzó, and Jordi Payá. 2024. "Influence of Accelerators on Cement Mortars Using Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst Residue (FCC): Enhanced Mechanical Properties at Early Curing Ages" Materials 17, no. 5: 1219. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17051219