Discovery of Walnut Twig Beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis, Associated with Forested Black Walnut, Juglans nigra, in the Eastern U.S.
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Forested Black Walnut Assessment
Trap Name | State | County | Date Deployed | Distance (m) 3 | No. P.j. 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GRSM 1 Big Creek 01 | NC | Haywood | 23 May | 110 | 0 |
GRSM Big Creek 02 | NC | Haywood | 29 May | 100 | 1 |
GRSM Big Creek 03 | NC | Haywood | 29 May | 100 | 0 |
GRSM Big Creek 04 | NC | Haywood | 29 May | 45 | 0 |
GRSM Big Creek 05 | NC | Haywood | 29 May | 65 | 0 |
GRSM Cades Cove 01 | TN | Blount | 11 July | 42 | 0 |
GRSM Cataloochee Cove 01 | NC | Haywood | 23 May | 35 | 0 |
GRSM Sugarlands Trail 01 | TN | Sevier | 26 June | 60 | 0 |
GRSM Sugarlands Trail 02 | TN | Sevier | 26 June | 135 | 0 |
GRSM Sugarlands Trail 03 | TN | Sevier | 26 June | 177 | 0 |
Maryville College 01 | TN | Blount | 12 July | 70 | 168 |
Maryville College 02 | TN | Blount | 12 July | 92 | 170 |
TVA 2 Loyston Point 01 | TN | Union | 15 May | 67 | 0 |
TVA Loyston Point 02 | TN | Union | 15 May | 53 | 2 |
TVA Loyston Point 03 | TN | Union | 15 May | 48 | 0 |
TVA Loyston Point 04 | TN | Union | 15 May | 33 | 0 |
3. Findings and Future Directions
Trap Name | State | County | Collection Date | Distance (m) 3 | No. P.j. 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GRSM 1 Big Creek 02 | NC | Haywood | 06 August | 100 | 1 |
Maryville College 01 | TN | Blount | 31 July | 70 | 30 |
Maryville College 01 | TN | Blount | 14 August | 70 | 25 |
Maryville College 01 | TN | Blount | 28 August | 70 | 3 |
Maryville College 01 | TN | Blount | 13 September | 70 | 1 |
Maryville College 01 | TN | Blount | 26 September | 70 | 35 |
Maryville College 01 | TN | Blount | 09 October | 70 | 58 |
Maryville College 01 | TN | Blount | 22 October | 70 | 18 |
Maryville College 02 | TN | Blount | 31 July | 92 | 15 |
Maryville College 02 | TN | Blount | 14 August | 92 | 67 |
Maryville College 02 | TN | Blount | 28 August | 92 | 15 |
Maryville College 02 | TN | Blount | 13 September | 92 | 15 |
Maryville College 02 | TN | Blount | 26 September | 92 | 15 |
Maryville College 02 | TN | Blount | 09 October | 92 | 20 |
Maryville College 02 | TN | Blount | 22 October | 92 | 21 |
TVA 2 Loyston Point 02 | TN | Union | 31 May | 53 | 1 |
TVA Loyston Point 02 | TN | Union | 07 August | 53 | 1 |
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Williams, R.D. Black walnut. In Silvics of North America: Hardwoods; Agriculture Handbook 654; U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service: Washington, DC, USA, 1990; pp. 391–399. [Google Scholar]
- Newton, L.P.; Fowler, G.; Neeley, A.D.; Schall, R.A.; Takeuchi, Y. Pathway Assessment: Geosmithia sp. and Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman Movement from the Western into the Eastern United States; U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service: Raleigh, NC, USA, 2009; p. 50. [Google Scholar]
- Tisserat, N.; Cranshaw, W.; Leatherman, D.; Utley, C.; Alexander, K. Black walnut mortality in Colorado caused by the walnut twig beetle and thousand cankers disease. Plant Health Prog. 2009. Available online: http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/php/research/2009/walnut/ (accessed on 3 February 2014).
- Blackman, M.W. The Genus Pityophthorus Eichh. in North America: A Revisional Study of the Pityophthorini, with Descriptions of Two New Genera and Seventy-One New Species; Bulletin of the New York State College of Forestry Syracuse University: Syracuse, NY, USA, 1928; p. 212. [Google Scholar]
- Utley, C.; Nguyen, T.; Roubtsova, T.; Coggeshall, M.; Ford, T.M.; Grauke, L.J.; Graves, A.D.; Leslie, C.A.; McKenna, J.; Woeste, K.; et al. Susceptibility of walnut and hickory species to Geosmithia morbida. Plant Dis. 2013, 97, 601–607. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tisserat, N.; Cranshaw, W. Pest Alert: Walnut Twig Beetle and Thousand Cankers Disease of Black Walnut; Colorado State University: Fort Collins, CO, USA, 2010. Available online: http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/insect/1008_alert.pdf (accessed on 3 February 2014).
- Haun, W.G.; Powell, S.; Strohmeier, C.; Kirksey, J. State of Tennessee Thousand Cankers Disease Action Plan; Tennessee Department of Agriculture, Division of Regulatory Services and Division of Forestry: Nashville, TN, USA, 2010. Available online: http://www.tn.gov/agriculture/publications/regulatory/TN_TCD_ActionPlan.pdf (accessed on 31 January 2014).
- Grant, J.F.; Windham, M.T.; Haun, W.G.; Wiggins, G.J.; Lambdin, P.L. Initial assessment of thousand cankers disease on black walnut, Juglans nigra, in eastern Tennesse. Forests 2011, 2, 741–748. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rhodes, D.; O’Hern, C.; Ambe, S.; Hall, T.; Nyce, R.; Newcamp, T.; Turcotte, R.; Bucher, N.; Demko, J.; Donovall, L.; et al. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Thousand Cankers Disease Action Plan; Pennsylvania Forest Pest Task Force, 2012. Available online: http://www.agriculture.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_2_24476_10297_0_43/AgWebsite/Files/Publications/PA_TCD_ActionPlanFinal4-13-2012%20%282%291.pdf (accessed on 31 January 2014).
- Hansen, M.A.; Bush, E.; Day, E.; Griffin, G.; Dart, N. Walnut Thousand Cankers Disease Alert. Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2011. Available online: http://www.vdacs.virginia.gov/plant&pest/pdf/techpestalert.pdf (accessed on 31 January 2014). [Google Scholar]
- Hadziabdic, D.G.; Windham, M.T.; Baird, R.; Vito, L.; Cheng, Q.; Grant, J.F.; Lambdin, P.L.; Wiggins, G.J.; Windham, A.; Merten, P.; et al. First report of Geosmithia morbida in North Carolina: The pathogen involved in thousand cankers disease of black walnut. Plant Dis. Available online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-13-0630-PDN (accessed on 31 January 2014). [CrossRef]
- Fisher, J.R.; McCann, D.P.; Taylor, N.J. Geosmithia morbida, thousand cankers disease of black walnut pathogen, was found for the first time in southwestern Ohio. Plant Health Prog. 2013. Available online: http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/php/elements/sum2.aspx?id=10736 (accessed on 18 February 2014). [CrossRef]
- Montecchio, L.; Faccoli, M. First record of thousand cankers disease Geosmithia morbida and walnut twig beetle Pityophthorus juglandis on Juglans nigra in Europe. Plant Disease 2013, 98, 696. [Google Scholar]
- Seybold, S.J.; Dallara, P.L.; Hishinuma, S.M.; Flint, M.L. Detecting and Identifying the Walnut Twig Beetle: Monitoring Guidelines for the Invasive Vector of Thousand Cankers Disease of Walnut. UC IPM Program. University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, 2013. Available online: http://ipm.ucdavis.edu/PDF/PESTNOTES/WTB_trapping.pdf (accessed on 31 January 2014).
- Randolph, K.C.; Rose, A.K.; Oswalt, C.M.; Brown, M.J. Status of black walnut (Julgans nigra L.) in the eastern United States in light of the discovery of thousand cankers disease. Castanea 2013, 78, 2–14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tennessee Department of Agriculture. Tennessee Thousand Cankers Disease Quarantine and Buffer Regulated Areas. 2013. Available online: http://www.tn.gov/agriculture/publications/regulatory/tcd_map.pdf (accessed on 31 January 2014). [Google Scholar]
- Eyre, F.H. Forest Cover Types of the United States and Canada; Society of American Foresters: Washington, DC, USA, 2008; p. 148. [Google Scholar]
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service. Forest Inventory and Analysis National Core Field Guide. Volume 1: Field Data Collection Procedures for Phase 2 Plots. Version 5.1. SRS MIDAS; U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis Program, Southern Research Station: Knoxville, TN, USA, 2011; p. 310. [Google Scholar]
- Seybold, S.J.; Dallara, P.L.; Nelson, L.J.; Graves, A.D.; Hishinuma, S.M.; Gries, R. Methods of Monitoring and Controlling the Walnut Twig Beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis. US20130014428, A1, 17 January 2014. [Google Scholar]
- Seybold, S.J.; King, J.A.; Harris, D.R.; Nelson, L.J.; Hamud, S.M.; Chen, Y. Diurnal flight response of the walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), to pheromone-baited traps in two northern California walnut habitats. Pan Pac. Entomol. 2012, 88, 231–247. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- U.S. Department of Agriculture. Risk Assessment of the Movement of Firewood within the United States; U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine Center for Plant Health Science and Technology: Raleigh, NC, USA, 2010; p. 111.
- U.S. Department of Agriculture. Newsroom: Firewood. 2014. Available online: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/newsroom/hot_issues/firewood/ (accessed on 31 January 2014). [Google Scholar]
- Don’t Move Firewood, 2014. Available online: http://www.dontmovefirewood.org/ (accessed on 31 January 2014).
© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Share and Cite
Wiggins, G.J.; Grant, J.F.; Lambdin, P.L.; Merten, P.; Nix, K.A.; Hadziabdic, D.; Windham, M.T. Discovery of Walnut Twig Beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis, Associated with Forested Black Walnut, Juglans nigra, in the Eastern U.S. Forests 2014, 5, 1185-1193. https://doi.org/10.3390/f5061185
Wiggins GJ, Grant JF, Lambdin PL, Merten P, Nix KA, Hadziabdic D, Windham MT. Discovery of Walnut Twig Beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis, Associated with Forested Black Walnut, Juglans nigra, in the Eastern U.S. Forests. 2014; 5(6):1185-1193. https://doi.org/10.3390/f5061185
Chicago/Turabian StyleWiggins, Gregory J., Jerome F. Grant, Paris L. Lambdin, Paul Merten, Katheryne A. Nix, Denita Hadziabdic, and Mark T. Windham. 2014. "Discovery of Walnut Twig Beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis, Associated with Forested Black Walnut, Juglans nigra, in the Eastern U.S." Forests 5, no. 6: 1185-1193. https://doi.org/10.3390/f5061185