Effects of Musical Training in Music Therapy Following Cochlear Implantation—A Case Report
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Case Presentation
2.2. Music Therapist
2.3. Audiological Assessment
2.4. Music Therapy and Assessment
- Level 1: Emotional level
- ○
- In these therapeutic conversations, which are often the opener of each session, the CI user can mention his fears, actual needs, challenges of everyday life, etc.
- Level 2: Functional Level
- ○
- Functional tasks were carried out, such as speech comprehension training, by using songs. For example, the participant had to repeat song texts from several music pieces. Practicing discrimination of voices and timbre/sounds. And explore different sounds and melodies offered (raising, descending, and constant).
- Level 3: Musical Level
- ○
- Free or guided musical improvisations, experiments or/and experiences with sounds and high-quality musical instruments from all over the world, exploration of the own voice and the voices of others, singing, and playing music were just a few examples that were performed in the course of the sessions attended.
2.4.1. Munich Music Questionnaire—MuMu
2.4.2. Music Perception
2.5. Quality of Life Assessments
2.5.1. AQoL-8D (Assessment of Quality of Life—8 Dimensions)
2.5.2. SSQ-B (Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale—Brief)
3. Results
3.1. Music Therapy
- Session 1: Communication without a tablet was successful, and the patient had already practiced music at home.
- Session 2: Despite challenges in differentiating high and low tones, the therapist introduced the use of the harp and ORFF instruments, such as chimes and xylophone. Rhythm exercises proved effective, and the session explored the incorporation of digital media.
- Session 3: With improved subjective perception from daily accordion practice, the patient explored singing Wienerlieder. Successful recognition of single and multiple voices marked progress, and the therapist continued using familiar songs to reinforce the musical experience.
- Session 4: The patient demonstrated the ability to recognize words in songs, and positive life changes were reported. The therapist introduced the guitar for joint singing, highlighting advancements in both music and language perception.
- Session 5: Subjective improvement in music perception was noted, along with the patient’s daily exploration of varied music genres. The focus was set on distinguishing voices, and instrumental timbres contributed to the patient’s continued progress.
- Session 6: Following the patient’s recovery from COVID-19, new apps were introduced for challenging exercises. The patient exhibited increased engagement in musical activities without auditory support, showcasing enhanced perception of pitch, melody, and instruments.
- Session 7: Joint listening to orchestral works and the utilization of the harp for auditory exercises marked this session. Activities focused on describing music for audiological CI assessment, addressing difficulties in recognizing complex timbres.
- Session 8: The introduction of the second cochlear implant side allowed the patient to experience stereo hearing. The patient performed an unplugged concert, reporting subjective improvement in language and music perception with both CIs. Standardized exercises were successfully conducted with both systems.
- Session 9: In the three-month follow-up, the patient reported positive hearing outcomes. Daily practice resulted in improved precision in playing instruments, and the harp was introduced for challenging accompaniment.
- Session 10: Continued satisfaction with subjective music perception was reported, with daily practice involving accordion, piano, and guitar. The session addressed challenges in family life and included the successful completion of standardized exercises, showcasing sustained progress.
3.1.1. Diary
3.1.2. MuMu Questionnaire
3.2. Hearing Ability
3.3. Quality of Life Outcomes
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Test Areas | Volume Dynamics 5 Items | Pitch 5 Items | Sound Length 5 Items | Melody 10 Items | Rhythm 5 Items | Instruments 6 Items | Timbre 2 Items | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Session/ Audiolink used | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 8 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 1 |
10 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 8 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 2 |
Timeline Diary | 1–3 Months | 3–6 Months | 6–12 Months |
---|---|---|---|
CI Unilateral | CI Unilateral | CI Bilateral | |
Satisfaction hear training | 7.84 | 8.58 | 8.89 |
Satisfaction active music making | 7.14 | 8.82 | 8.67 |
Session | Status | AqoL-8D Total Utility Score | SSQ-B Overall Score |
---|---|---|---|
2 | 3 months control CI right | 0.98 | −1.55 |
4 | 6 months control CI right | 0.99 | 2.80 |
6 | 12 months control CI right | 0.88 | 0.43 |
8 | 6 months control CI left | 0.95 | 4.24 |
10 | 12 months control CI left | 0.97 | 3.35 |
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Magele, A.; Wirthner, B.; Schoerg, P.; Sprinzl, G.M. Effects of Musical Training in Music Therapy Following Cochlear Implantation—A Case Report. Audiol. Res. 2024, 14, 217-226. https://doi.org/10.3390/audiolres14020020
Magele A, Wirthner B, Schoerg P, Sprinzl GM. Effects of Musical Training in Music Therapy Following Cochlear Implantation—A Case Report. Audiology Research. 2024; 14(2):217-226. https://doi.org/10.3390/audiolres14020020
Chicago/Turabian StyleMagele, Astrid, Bianca Wirthner, Philipp Schoerg, and Georg M. Sprinzl. 2024. "Effects of Musical Training in Music Therapy Following Cochlear Implantation—A Case Report" Audiology Research 14, no. 2: 217-226. https://doi.org/10.3390/audiolres14020020