Optimizing Alkaline Activation of Natural Volcanic Pozzolan for Eco-Friendly Materials Production: An Investigation of NaOH Molarity and Na2SiO3-to-NaOH Ratio
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Raw Material and Experimental Techniques
2.1. Volcanic Pozzolan
2.2. Alcaline Solution
2.3. Geopolymers Preparation
2.4. Characterization Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization of the Raw Materials
3.1.1. Volcanological Analysis
3.1.2. Chemo-Mineralogical and Morphostructural Analysis
3.2. Geopolymers Characterization
3.2.1. Effect of NaOH Molarity on Physico-Mechanical Properties
3.2.2. Effect of Na2SiO3/NaOH Ratio on Physical-Mechanical and Microstructural Properties
Compressive Strength
Density (D), Porosity (P), and Water Absorption (A)
FTIR Analysis
XRD Analysis
SEM Analysis
4. Conclusions and Future Research Direction
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Code | Pozzolan (g) | NaOH Molarity | Na2SiO3/NaOH | Na2SiO3 (g) | NaOH (g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GP1 | 40 | 4 | 0.9 | 9.48 | 10.52 |
GP2 | 40 | 6 | 0.9 | 9.48 | 10.52 |
GP3 | 40 | 8 | 0.9 | 9.48 | 10.52 |
GP4 | 40 | 10 | 0.9 | 9.48 | 10.52 |
GP5 | 40 | 12 | 0.9 | 9.48 | 10.52 |
GP6 | 40 | 8 | 0.9 | 9.48 | 10.52 |
GP7 | 40 | 8 | 1 | 10 | 10 |
GP8 | 40 | 8 | 1.1 | 10.48 | 9.52 |
GP9 | 40 | 8 | 1.2 | 10.9 | 9.09 |
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Felaous, K.; Aziz, A.; Achab, M.; Fernández-Raga, M.; Benzaouak, A. Optimizing Alkaline Activation of Natural Volcanic Pozzolan for Eco-Friendly Materials Production: An Investigation of NaOH Molarity and Na2SiO3-to-NaOH Ratio. Sustainability 2023, 15, 4453. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054453
Felaous K, Aziz A, Achab M, Fernández-Raga M, Benzaouak A. Optimizing Alkaline Activation of Natural Volcanic Pozzolan for Eco-Friendly Materials Production: An Investigation of NaOH Molarity and Na2SiO3-to-NaOH Ratio. Sustainability. 2023; 15(5):4453. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054453
Chicago/Turabian StyleFelaous, Khadija, Ayoub Aziz, Mohammed Achab, María Fernández-Raga, and Abdellah Benzaouak. 2023. "Optimizing Alkaline Activation of Natural Volcanic Pozzolan for Eco-Friendly Materials Production: An Investigation of NaOH Molarity and Na2SiO3-to-NaOH Ratio" Sustainability 15, no. 5: 4453. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054453