Examining Spatial Variation in the Effects of Japanese Red Pine (Pinus densiflora) on Burn Severity Using Geographically Weighted Regression
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods and Data
2.1. Samcheok Fire and Site Characteristics
2.2. Analysis Spatial Unit
2.3. Computing the Percentage of Japanese Red Pine and Topographic Characteristics
2.4. Mapping Burn Severity
2.5. Estimating the Global (OLS) and Local (GWR) Models
2.6. Estimation and Comparison of the Regression Models
3. Results
3.1. Spatial Distribution of Burn Severity and Percentage of Japanese Red Pine
3.2. Relationships of Burn Severity with Japanese Red Pine and Topographic Variables
3.3. Comparison of the Estimated OLS and GWR Models
3.4. Spatial Variation in the Non-Stationary Effects of Japanese Red Pine
3.5. Topographic Characteristics and Parameters of the Estimated GWR Model
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Red Pine Trees (%) | Slope (%) | Elevation (m) | |
---|---|---|---|
Burn severity | 0.48 ** | 0.01 | −0.22 ** |
Red pine trees (%) | −0.08 * | −0.41 ** | |
Slope (%) | 0.69 ** |
Variable | OLS Model (Global Model) | GWR Model 1 (Local Model) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
b | β | t-Value | ||
Intercept | 3.22 | - | 48.87 ** | - |
Red pine (%) | 0.009 | 0.48 | 13.97 ** | - |
Slope (%) | 0.015 | 0.14 | 3.09 * | - |
Elevation (m) | 0.001 | −0.12 | −2.59 ** | |
F-value | 103.36 ** | |||
Adjusted R2 | 0.28 | 0.57 | ||
AICc | 1330.45 | 950.46 | ||
Moran’s I 2 | 0.5 | 0.28 |
Topographic Characteristics | Estimated GWR Model | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
R2 | Intercept | C_Pine | C_Elevation | C_Slope | |
Elevation (m) | −0.12 | 0.32 ** | −0.45 ** | −0.45 ** | 0.21 * |
Slope (%) | −0.21 | 0.21 * | −0.37 ** | −0.28 ** | 0.12 |
Elevation Group | F-Value | Adjusted-R2 | Coefficients (β-Value) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Red Pine Trees | Slope | Elevation | |||
Group 1 | 36.98 ** | 0.36 | 0.02 ** | 0.007 | 0.001 |
−0.56 | −0.04 | −0.03 | |||
Group 2 | 6.72 ** | 0.08 | 0.008 ** | −0.028 * | 0.001 |
−0.27 | (−0.16) | −0.07 | |||
Group 3 | 10.74 ** | 0.13 | 0.004 ** | −0.041 ** | 0.002 ** |
−0.23 | (−0.26) | −0.19 | |||
Group 4 | 34.22 ** | 0.34 | 0.004 ** | −0.017 | −0.003 ** |
−0.19 | (−0.08) | (−0.52) |
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Lee, H.-J.; Kim, E.-J.; Lee, S.-W. Examining Spatial Variation in the Effects of Japanese Red Pine (Pinus densiflora) on Burn Severity Using Geographically Weighted Regression. Sustainability 2017, 9, 804. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9050804
Lee H-J, Kim E-J, Lee S-W. Examining Spatial Variation in the Effects of Japanese Red Pine (Pinus densiflora) on Burn Severity Using Geographically Weighted Regression. Sustainability. 2017; 9(5):804. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9050804
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Hyun-Joo, Eujin-Julia Kim, and Sang-Woo Lee. 2017. "Examining Spatial Variation in the Effects of Japanese Red Pine (Pinus densiflora) on Burn Severity Using Geographically Weighted Regression" Sustainability 9, no. 5: 804. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9050804