Hyaluronic Acid 35 kDa Protects against a Hyperosmotic, Formula Feeding Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Formula Preparation
2.2. Mouse Model
2.3. Histology and Injury Scoring
2.4. Cytokine Analysis
2.5. Microbiome Analysis via 16S Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Sequencing
2.6. Ileal RNA-Seq Profiling and Enrichment Analysis
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. HA35 Protects against NEC Induced by Formula Feeding and Dithizone
3.2. Effects of Oral HA35 on Intestinal Microbiome Taxonomy and Functional Prediction
3.3. Effect of Oral HA35 on Ileal RNA-Seq Transcriptional Profiles
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Formula Component | Amount (g/kg Body Weight) |
---|---|
Evaporated milk | 615 |
Bovine serum albumin | 36 |
Intralipid 20% intravenous fat emulsion | 292 |
Sunflower oil | 10 |
Teklad vitamin mix | 4 |
Supplemental vitamin mixture 1 | 0.56 |
Salt mixture solution 2 | 10 |
Non-calcium mineral mixture 3 | 6 |
Calcium lactate solution (40 g/L) | 10 |
CaCO3 solution (40 g/L) | 10 |
CuSO4 (30 g/L) | 0.57 |
ZnSO4 (380 g/L) | 0.07 |
Double-distilled water (ddH2O) | 6 |
Treatment Group | Feeding Duration/Type | P14 Dithizone (Y/N) |
---|---|---|
Sham | P7–P13: Water + Dam P14: Saline | N |
HA | P7–P13: HA + Dam P14: Saline | N |
Formula | P7–P13: Water + Dam P14: RMS | N |
Formula + HA | P7–P13: HA + Dam P14: RMS | N |
NEC | P7–P13: Water + Dam P14: RMS | Y |
NEC + HA | P7–P13: HA + Dam P14: RMS | Y |
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Burge, K.; Eckert, J.; Wilson, A.; Trammell, M.; Lueschow, S.R.; McElroy, S.J.; Dyer, D.; Chaaban, H. Hyaluronic Acid 35 kDa Protects against a Hyperosmotic, Formula Feeding Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Nutrients 2022, 14, 1779. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091779
Burge K, Eckert J, Wilson A, Trammell M, Lueschow SR, McElroy SJ, Dyer D, Chaaban H. Hyaluronic Acid 35 kDa Protects against a Hyperosmotic, Formula Feeding Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Nutrients. 2022; 14(9):1779. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091779
Chicago/Turabian StyleBurge, Kathryn, Jeffrey Eckert, Adam Wilson, MaJoi Trammell, Shiloh R. Lueschow, Steven J. McElroy, David Dyer, and Hala Chaaban. 2022. "Hyaluronic Acid 35 kDa Protects against a Hyperosmotic, Formula Feeding Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis" Nutrients 14, no. 9: 1779. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091779