Phycobiliprotein Peptide Extracts from Arthrospira platensis Ameliorate Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Modulating Hepatic Lipid Profile and Strengthening Fat Mobilization
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Preparation of PPE
2.2. Animal Experiments and Sample Collection
2.3. Serum Biochemical Assessment
2.4. Quantification of Lipid Abundance in Liver Tissues by Oil Red O
2.5. Lipidomic Analysis
2.6. Gene Expression Analyses in White Adipose Tissue
2.7. Metabolite Profiling of Cecal Contents Using GC-MS
2.8. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. PPE Ameliorated HFD-Induced Hepatic Steatosis in Rats
3.2. PPE Extensively Modulated Hepatic Lipid Profile
3.3. PPE Regulated Expression of the Lipolysis Gene in White Adipose Tissue and Strengthened Mobilization from Fat
3.4. PPE Affected Intestinal Metabolites: Long-Chain Fatty Acids and Short-Chain Fatty Acids
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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NO. | Compounds Name | Structural Formula | RT (min) | Chow Control | HFD Control | PPE_L | PPE_H |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- | 51.37 | (1.24 ± 0.07) × 107 a | (5.71 ± 0.16) × 107 d | (3.17 ± 0.17) × 107 c | (2.59 ± 0.16) × 107 b | |
2 | Oleic Acid | 48.497 | (3.52 ± 0.24) × 107 a | (3.18 ± 0.61) × 108 d | (2.41 ± 0.30) × 108 c | (1.28 ± 0.10) × 108 b | |
3 | Octadecanoic acid | 47.088 | (3.65 ± 0.17) × 107 a | (3.64 ± 0.31) × 108 c | (2.02 ± 0.48) × 108 b | (1.77 ± 0.22) × 108 b | |
4 | Heptadecanoic acid | 42.723 | (1.62 ± 0.28) × 106 a | (8.51 ± 0.14) × 106 d | (7.16 ± 0.33) × 106 c | (5.08 ± 0.58) × 106 b | |
5 | n-Hexadecanoic acid | 39.389 | (1.57 ± 0.27) × 108 a | (2.58 ± 0.29) × 109 d | (1.89 ± 0.16) × 109 c | (1.60 ± 0.19) × 109 b | |
6 | Pentadecanoic acid | 36.699 | (3.98 ± 0.20) × 106 a | (1.16 ± 0.27) × 107 c | (7.67 ± 0.50) × 106 b | (5.80 ± 0.45) × 106 ab | |
7 | Tetradecanoic acid | 34.56 | (2.72 ± 0.23) × 106 a | (3.33 ± 0.37) × 107 d | (2.04 ± 0.34) × 107 c | (1.54 ± 0.19) × 107 b |
NO. | Compounds Name | Structural Formula | RT (min) | Chow Control | HFD Control | PPE_L | PPE_H |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Pentanoic acid | 16.996 | (2.01 ± 0.55) × 106 a | (1.85 ± 0.47) × 106 a | (3.77 ± 0.66) × 106 b | (3.29 ± 0.65) × 106 b | |
2 | Butanoic acid | 14.63 | (5.32 ± 0.40) × 106 a | (5.83 ± 0.67) × 106 a | (1.23 ± 0.17) × 107 c | (8.95 ± 0.74) × 106 b | |
3 | Propanoic acid, 2-methyl- | 13.27 | (9.96 ± 0.67) × 105 a | (1.04 ± 0.10) × 106 a | (1.75 ± 0.50) × 106 b | (1.33 ± 0.21) × 106 a | |
4 | Propanoic acid | 12.618 | (4.46 ± 0.40) × 106 a | (6.94 ± 0.35) × 106 b | (9.59 ± 0.70) × 106 c | (7.32 ± 0.70) × 106 b | |
5 | Acetic acid | 10.66 | (4.38 ± 0.36) × 106 a | (5.79 ± 0.66) × 106 b | (8.68 ± 0.62) × 106 d | (6.60 ± 0.43) × 106 c |
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Liu, J.; Wu, H.; Zhang, Y.; Hu, C.; Zhen, D.; Fu, P.; He, Y. Phycobiliprotein Peptide Extracts from Arthrospira platensis Ameliorate Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Modulating Hepatic Lipid Profile and Strengthening Fat Mobilization. Nutrients 2023, 15, 4573. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15214573
Liu J, Wu H, Zhang Y, Hu C, Zhen D, Fu P, He Y. Phycobiliprotein Peptide Extracts from Arthrospira platensis Ameliorate Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Modulating Hepatic Lipid Profile and Strengthening Fat Mobilization. Nutrients. 2023; 15(21):4573. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15214573
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Jing, Huan Wu, Yan Zhang, Changbao Hu, Dongyu Zhen, Pengcheng Fu, and Yanfu He. 2023. "Phycobiliprotein Peptide Extracts from Arthrospira platensis Ameliorate Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Modulating Hepatic Lipid Profile and Strengthening Fat Mobilization" Nutrients 15, no. 21: 4573. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15214573