Evolutionary Computation for Parameter Extraction of Organic Thin-Film Transistors Using Newly Synthesized Liquid Crystalline Nickel Phthalocyanine
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Compact Modeling and Evolutionary Parameter Extraction
2.1. Compact Model for the Characteristics of OTFTs
2.2. Parameter Extraction
- The extracted values of and are inaccurate if .
- As initially defined in [77], the integral in the function must necessarily be evaluated from a gate voltage under the threshold voltage. Otherwise, the extracted values of and will differ from the actual ones.
- The integral in the function performed with very few points (very few output characteristic curves) also leads to inaccurate values of and . In these cases, the errors in the values of and can propagate through the next steps of the extraction procedure, providing a nonoptimized parameter set (, , , ).
- () to minimize the error between the experimental values of and their estimation from Equations (5),(18), where refers to the set of parameters needed to compute Equations (5),(10) and (18) and is defined as an individual of the population:
- () to minimize the error between the voltage drops at the contact region determined with Equation (18) and , which is directly calculated from Equation (5) using the values of the experimental data (, , ) and the values of , , and determined in a previous iteration:
- and () to minimize the difference between [ in (19)] and its estimation extracted from the linear fit (12).
3. Phthalocyanines
4. Experimental Details
5. Results and Discussion
5.1. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
5.2. Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)
5.3. Electrical Behavior of -Based OTFTs
5.3.1. Current-Voltage Curves
5.3.2. Evolution of OTFT Parameters with Annealing Temperature
5.3.3. Discussions
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Samples (Annealing Temperature, °C) | Extracted From | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
As-Prepared | 50 | 100 | 150 | ||
Average particle size (μm) | 100 ± 10 | 200 ± 20 | 400 ± 20 | 1500 ± 100 | AFM data |
Surface roughness (nm) | 1.52 | 17.80 | 42.62 | 65.19 | AFM data |
μ0 (cm2/Vs) | 2.30 × 10−4 | 2.16 × 10−3 | 4.93 × 10−5 | 1.29 × 10−4 | (5), (18), (20) |
γ | 0.402 | 0.116 | 0.971 | 0.619 | (5), (18), (20) |
(V) | 4.18 × 10−7 | 5.90 | 14.5 | 12.1 | (5), (18), (20) |
(V) | - | 6.91 | 13.1 | - | (10) |
α [A/V(mk+1+γ] | - | 1.08 × 10−10 | 1.81 × 10−12 | - | (10) |
VSS (V) | −8.88 | −3.41 | −20.4 | −21.2 | (5), (18), (20) |
mk | 1.98 | 1.10 | 1.64 | 2.00 | (5), (18), (20) |
MC(−20 V) [A/Vmk] | 1.48 × 10−9 | 4.21 × 10−9 | 1.90 × 10−9 | 8.91 × 10−9 | (5), (18), (20) |
MC(−30 V) [A/Vmk] | 1.04 × 10−9 | 6.38 × 10−9 | 2.80 × 10−9 | 4.47 × 10−8 | (5), (18), (20) |
MC(−40 V) [A/Vmk] | 6.82 × 10−10 | 7.72 × 10−9 | 4.62 × 10−9 | 4.96 × 10−8 | (5), (18), (20) |
MC(−50 V) [A/Vmk] | 6.46 × 10−10 | 1.00 × 10−8 | 6.48 × 10−9 | 5.70 × 10−8 | (5), (18), (20) |
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Jiménez-Tejada, J.A.; Romero, A.; González, J.; Chaure, N.B.; Cammidge, A.N.; Chambrier, I.; Ray, A.K.; Deen, M.J. Evolutionary Computation for Parameter Extraction of Organic Thin-Film Transistors Using Newly Synthesized Liquid Crystalline Nickel Phthalocyanine. Micromachines 2019, 10, 683. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi10100683
Jiménez-Tejada JA, Romero A, González J, Chaure NB, Cammidge AN, Chambrier I, Ray AK, Deen MJ. Evolutionary Computation for Parameter Extraction of Organic Thin-Film Transistors Using Newly Synthesized Liquid Crystalline Nickel Phthalocyanine. Micromachines. 2019; 10(10):683. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi10100683
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiménez-Tejada, Juan A., Adrián Romero, Jesús González, Nandu B. Chaure, Andrew N. Cammidge, Isabelle Chambrier, Asim K. Ray, and M. Jamal Deen. 2019. "Evolutionary Computation for Parameter Extraction of Organic Thin-Film Transistors Using Newly Synthesized Liquid Crystalline Nickel Phthalocyanine" Micromachines 10, no. 10: 683. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi10100683